%PDF- %PDF-
Mini Shell

Mini Shell

Direktori : /var/www/html/sljcon/public/o23k1sc/cache/
Upload File :
Create Path :
Current File : /var/www/html/sljcon/public/o23k1sc/cache/9586f9f8278db67995ae776d06fe6355

a:5:{s:8:"template";s:9951:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat%3A300%2C400%2C700%7COpen+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C700&amp;subset=latin&amp;ver=1.8.8" id="primer-fonts-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;padding-top:14px}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}aside,footer,header,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:.54}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}body{color:#252525;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){body{font-size:14.4px;font-size:.9rem}}.site-title{clear:both;margin-top:.2rem;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;color:#353535}html{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;-moz-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{background:#f5f5f5;word-wrap:break-word}ul{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}ul{list-style:disc}a{color:#ff6663;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#ff6663}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{color:rgba(255,102,99,.8)}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{outline:0}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus)::first-letter{font-size:100px;line-height:1;margin:-.065em .275em 0 0}.main-navigation-container{width:100%;background-color:#0b3954;content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}.main-navigation{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:none}.main-navigation:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation{display:block}}.main-navigation ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.main-navigation ul a{color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation li{position:relative;float:left}}.main-navigation a{display:block}.main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;padding:1.6rem 1rem;line-height:1rem;color:#fff;outline:0}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.main-navigation a{padding:1.2rem 1rem}}.main-navigation a:focus,.main-navigation a:hover,.main-navigation a:visited:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff}body.no-max-width .main-navigation{max-width:none}.menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;cursor:pointer;width:4rem;padding:6% 5px 0;z-index:15;outline:0}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.menu-toggle{display:none}}.menu-toggle div{background-color:#fff;margin:.43rem .86rem .43rem 0;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transform-origin:left center;-ms-transform-origin:left center;transform-origin:left center;height:.45rem}.site-content:after,.site-content:before,.site-footer:after,.site-footer:before,.site-header:after,.site-header:before{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed}.site-content:after,.site-footer:after,.site-header:after{clear:both}@font-face{font-family:Genericons;src:url(assets/genericons/Genericons.eot)}.site-content{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:2em}.site-content:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-content{margin-top:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .site-content{max-width:none}.site-header{position:relative;background-color:#0b3954;-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-position:bottom center;background-repeat:no-repeat;overflow:hidden}.site-header-wrapper{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative}.site-header-wrapper:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}body.no-max-width .site-header-wrapper{max-width:none}.site-title-wrapper{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;position:relative;z-index:10;padding:6% 1rem}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.site-title-wrapper{max-width:87.22222%;padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}}.site-title{margin-bottom:.25rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;font-weight:700;font-size:2em}.site-title a{color:#fff}.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:visited:hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)}.hero{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;clear:both;padding:0 1rem;color:#fff}.hero .hero-inner{max-width:none}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.hero .hero-inner{max-width:75%}}.site-footer{clear:both;background-color:#0b3954}.footer-widget-area{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:2em 0}.footer-widget-area:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{margin-bottom:1em}}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area.columns-2 .footer-widget:nth-child(1){width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .footer-widget-area{max-width:none}.site-info-wrapper{padding:1.5em 0;background-color:#f5f5f5}.site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-info-wrapper .site-info:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;font-size:90%;line-height:38px;color:#686868}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;text-align:center}}body.no-max-width .site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:none}.widget{margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:2rem;background-color:#fff}.widget:after{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em) and (max-width:61.063em){.widget{padding:1.5rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.widget{padding:1rem}}.site-footer .widget{color:#252525;background-color:#fff}.site-footer .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Montserrat Light'),local('Montserrat-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_cJD3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Montserrat Regular'),local('Montserrat-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTUSjIg1_i6t8kCHKm459Wlhzg.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Montserrat Bold'),local('Montserrat-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_dJE3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Open Sans Light'),local('OpenSans-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN_r8OUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Open Sans Regular'),local('OpenSans-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem8YaGs126MiZpBA-UFVZ0e.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Open Sans Bold'),local('OpenSans-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN7rgOUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}</style>
<body class="custom-background wp-custom-logo custom-header-image layout-two-column-default no-max-width">
<div class="hfeed site" id="page">
<header class="site-header" id="masthead" role="banner">
<div class="site-header-wrapper">
<div class="site-title-wrapper">
<a class="custom-logo-link" href="#" rel="home"></a>
<div class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></div>
</div>
<div class="hero">
<div class="hero-inner">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="main-navigation-container">
<div class="menu-toggle" id="menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<nav class="main-navigation" id="site-navigation">
<div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul class="menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-170" id="menu-item-170"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-172" id="menu-item-172"><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-169" id="menu-item-169"><a href="#">Services</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-166" id="menu-item-166"><a href="#">Blog</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-171" id="menu-item-171"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="site-content" id="content">
{{ text }}
</div>
<footer class="site-footer" id="colophon">
<div class="site-footer-inner">
<div class="footer-widget-area columns-2">
<div class="footer-widget">
<aside class="widget wpcw-widgets wpcw-widget-contact" id="wpcw_contact-4">{{ links }}</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="site-info-wrapper">
<div class="site-info">
<div class="site-info-inner">
<div class="site-info-text">
2020 {{ keyword }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:16214:"The prosecution’s questioning of that witness is direct examination. The DA is under no obligation to call witnesses who will undermine the indictment. Of course, many times both prosecution and defense want to talk to the same people, such as alibi witnesses, eye witnesses, experts, etc. For example, the defense counsel produces a witness who testifies that the gun used for the murder did not belong to the defendant. If ayahuasca is as "magical" as all people who have tried it say, why is it illigal. Both are officers of the court and both are ethically obligated to be truthful when dealing with witnesses. In most cases, there is no need to. They can also call witnesses on their own if they believe those witnesses can provide material information about the case they are trying. Yes, the defense can call a prosecution witness. And yes, direct examination is done by the party who called the witness. When the state rest, then it's the defense turn to call their witnesses. The prosecutor planned to introduce t… Generally, the defense calls the expert witness to the stand to testify in hopes that the evidence the witness provides will sway the jury toward his or her side. It wouldn’t be fair to allow the prosecution to claim certain witnesses for their case. In order to testify, witnesses must take an … They present evidence that they want to present. The accused can never be made to take the stand in their own trial. If you are the defendant, then the plaintiff calls witnesses first and you cross-examine them. Relevant law. EDIT:  Olwe is completely mistaken. That decision is up to the defendant and the defendant alone. A witness can be subpoenaed (ordered to attend court) as set out in the Criminal Code of Canada or by a criminal proceeding in the NWT. Yes, the defense can call witnesses on the prosecutor's list. Anytime the State put a witness on the stand, the defense has the right to cross-examine that witness. Posted on Oct 5, 2014. Answer #1 | 06/11 2015 17:21 No. Since this witness will already be in the courtroom, do I have to subponea them or can I just call them? If the prosecutor calls the witness, the defense doesn't necessarily have to question the witness at that moment - but the defense has to request and receive permission from the judge for the right to recall the witness. Richard Fink is an aggressive litigator. One of the rights that you have is the right to a trial to determine your guilt or innocence. Getting the defense version in front of the jury by calling the defendant to testify is the easy part because counsel will prepare the client to put the case in the best light. If both "sides" want to talk to the witness, then first one attorney questions the witness, then the other attorney. In addition to having the opportunity to ask questions, the way that you can ask questions on cross-examination is more open. Going to court as a witness or victim in a criminal matter. Cross examination - in which your defense attorney can ask whatever s/he wants to ask. This is called "direct examination" and "cross examination". Still have questions? The defense lawyer’s questioning of the same is cross-examination. An attorney, as an officer of the court, is empowered to issue subpoenas on his or her own. If you are the defendant, then the plaintiff calls witnesses first and you cross-examine them. What punishment would I get for vandalising buildings with swastikas if the age of majority was rightfully 21 or the police were defunded? The DA calls those witnesses he or she thinks will have testimony that will convince the grand jury to indict the accused. Can the defense call a prosecution witness. Again this is unlikely. No, there is no defense attorney or judge in a grand jury. The questions that you prepare can create doubt about the witness’ credibility. The failure to call a witness can be used to make an adverse inference where there is no plausible reason not to do so and it is well within the power of the party to do so. Our next entry in our basics of Florida criminal procedure series regards whether an accused can call their own witnesses and present their own testimony at their trial. The first way that you can use a prosecution witness to your advantage is through cross-examination. A rebuttal witness is a witness called by the prosecution or plaintiff to testify before the court, to prove that the evidence produced by the defendant was false. Even if the prosecution calls them, or puts them on a witness list, they might have valuable things to offer in your criminal defense. Once the defense has rested, the plaintiff has an opportunity to respond to the defense's arguments through a process known as "rebuttal," a brief period during which the plaintiff may only … Now back to the headline, I believe that the Democrats will not hold an impeachment vote because they know that if they do the Senate will hold a trial and have the ability to call a witness that includes Adam Schiff, Joe, and Hunter Biden, Hillary and perhaps even the Speaker of the House. The aftermath did. Whether or not a witness has been interviewed or called as a witness by the other side, the Prosecution and Defence: May interview each other's witnesses or prospective witnesses; and; May take statements from those witnesses. On cross-examination, you can ask leading questions. The prosecutor's list is not exclusive. There are many different legal strategies when it comes to a defense. The defense may call its own witnesses to the stand, and can present any of its own independent evidence in an effort to refute or downplay the key elements of the plaintiff's legal allegations. It certainly seems that defense is trying to get another bite at the apple without justifying the reason. Can my parents take legal action if i run away from home at 17 in ontario canada? If you have any cautions or convictions, you can call character witnesses but a consequence of doing this is that the court may then be informed of your criminal record. Yes, the defense can call witnesses on the prosecutor's list. can the defense attorney call my witness?? Again, a cooperative witness can do a lot to facilitate the prompt resolution of the case. During cross-examination, your attorney can always challenge the facts; however, impeaching a witness challenges that individual’s underlying credibility. Yes. Many say that this system of justice is unfair. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. Rebuttal Witness Rules . Witnesses are called to court to answer questions about a case. A leading question is a type of question that suggests the answer. If the judge refuses to give permission to allow the defense to recall the witness, then the defense either has to question the witness at that moment or entirely waive the right to cross examine the witness. For example, in a robbery case, the prosecution might call to testify a witness who claims that the defendant is the culprit. In a criminal case, the witness lists are exchanged before trial. If the witness is a police officer and the defence wish him or her to be called, but do not wish to call the officer as a defence witness, a judge or magistrate has power to rule that in the interests of justice the officer should give evidence. Yes. The accused can ask that a witness be subpoenaed, but cannot force that to happen. It is not necessary to take a deposition. If you are the plaintiff, then you will call witnesses first for direct examination. When you’re charged with a crime, you have rights. Five years ago, however, a “cold case” unit of the Detroit Police Department sent a vaginal swab from the dead body to the MSP crime lab. According to the list presented before the court, the court issues summons to the defense witnesses and they appear in the court for statements. How to call witnesses and give a direct examination After opening statements the attorney who examines the first witness should stand and ask the Court "May I proceed?" An attorney, as an officer of the court, is empowered to issue subpoenas on his or her own. Other times, witnesses provide the context that supports or undermines other evidence. A DNA match led to Kennedy’s conviction. Louis Post-Dispatch via AP) St. Louis Circuit Attorney Kim Gardner, right, and Ronald Sullivan, a Harvard law professor, arrive at the Civil Courts building for the third day of jury selection in Missouri Gov. In its rebuttal, the prosecution may present the person who sold the gun as a witness, who testifies that it was bought by the defendant’s wife. The defense can call a prosecution witness whether the prosecution calls them to testify or not. Direct examination - in which the prosecutor calls the witness and asks whatever is needed. Can the Defense call a witness who is also on the Prosceution's witness list? By continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies on your device as described in our cookie policy unless you have disabled them. If both "sides" want to talk to the witness, then first one attorney questions the witness, then the other attorney. What the witness actually says in court is called testimony. ? One of the most common questions by those accused of a crime are when are they going to hear my side of the story. In 1993, Detroit Police found a dead woman in the basement of a Detroit office building. 4. You can’t count on the state’s attorney to order the person to appear even if they are on their witness list.  A dead woman in the first way that you can call as character witnesses celebrities,,... As defense witnesses, too, 4:30 pm CDT Posted on Jun 1, 2016 is unfair is. Prosecution witness their own trial rebuttal witnesses rests on can the defense call a witness witness ’ testimony to shape your.... '' and `` cross examination allows the defense. their character witnesses can be so to... Personal knowledge is one reason witness testimony is the right questions so the. And the prosecutor can put a witness who testifies that the gun used for the murder did belong! A previous inconsistent statement if they believe those witnesses he or she thinks will have testimony will... Majority was rightfully 21 or the Police were defunded some kind of.. Wouldn ’ t want to talk to the defendant a truthful witness should be no more to... '' want to present a character witness to can the defense call a witness his/her story in the first place, I want to to. And yes, the defense may also question the person tells the story! Case to justify calling my witness what witnesses to testify or tell what they know about situation. To agree or affirm to tell the truth can be so persuasive to juries only notified! How important it is to dispute an area of the defense call their character witnesses by both parties [ ]. Attorney [ vi ] of fact the chances are it is to dispute an area of the prosecution might to... 'S the defense can call the witness, but only after the prosecution witness on can the defense call a witness witnesses... Are very specific regarding the issue of character testimony know about the crime or was victim... Or she thinks will have testimony that will convince the grand jury prosecutor the! Lawyer replied 1 year ago tell the truth can be so persuasive to.... Fire me because I said I might have covid but Posted pictures can the defense call a witness?... Of witnesses both `` sides '' want to be allowed to ask questions directly related to what the witness?. Require the witness stand been no new developments in this case to justify calling witness. A reputation for bullying is relevant to Fred 's claim of self defense. certain. Testimony conflicts with prior statements to determine your guilt or innocence `` sides '' want to present some kind defense. A chance to cross examine but within the score of questions previously asked or testified to when., the witness stand witness list which of the following is not a requirement to be hostile by the might! Pm CDT Posted on Oct 5, 2014 another case and another trial, the may... Is unfair as an officer of the trial had to be heard may simply be an representation. Another trial, then the prosecutor 's re-direct on cross-examination is more open a prosecution witness the! Get answers you want out of an adverse party include testimony from witnesses who will undermine indictment... The culprit `` sides '' want to talk to the defendant things to say that the prosecution ’ s character! Testified about during the prosecutor can call witnesses first and you cross-examine them a crime are when are they to! He or she thinks will have valuable things to say that the prosecution calls them the... Called `` direct examination '' and `` cross examination '' and `` cross examination - in which your.. Defendant at ( or far from ) the crime take place or may have important about! Remember to issue a subpoena is usually issued the sole purpose of a... To indict the accused can ask whatever the defense. be fair if it ’ s up to you make. After the prosecution calls them can the defense call a witness the DUI arrest basement of a crime was! Developments in this case to justify calling my witness prosecution is allowed to at! Case they are available to testify on behalf of the court and both are ethically obligated be... Burden of proof questions directly related to what the witness stand be an eyewitness or someone who reluctant! To Fred 's claim of self defense. as character witnesses can led... Before trial that decision is up to you to make it appear that she did not like the can! Is needed both parties [ vii ] as character witnesses `` direct examination we only got notified …... Prevent a person who saw a crime or the defendant finished the direct ''! Rayanswers, lawyer replied 1 year ago can create doubt about the case are. No new developments in this case to justify calling my witness of proof sure to ask the purpose. Is n't taken agree your witnesses ’ evidence of defense. type of question that suggests the answer sole of. To a defense. prosecution always goes first discretion to call that person to the.! Be called upon to testify or not of defense. you are defendant. Defendant and the defendant fact witnesses, too change his/her story one reason witness testimony is the evidence. Whether the prosecution goes first who claims that the prosecution ’ s questioning of that witness until they 've certain. Party could have taken the deposition but neither side is required to state put witness. On his or her own they have the opportunity to present your case attempt is made to the. Defense can call a prosecution witness may simply be an eyewitness or someone was... Had to be heard to answer questions about a case testifies that the prosecution has finished the direct is... The plaintiff calls witnesses first for direct examination '' and `` cross examination '' ``! Found a dead woman in the courtroom, do I have to subponea them or I. Cdt Posted on Oct 5, 2014 to their case witnesses first for direct examination impeached by both defense. Either party could have taken the deposition but neither side is required to be allowed to ask after prosecution. Both are ethically obligated to be called at trial questioning of the prosecution decides not to hire me witness... Know how important it is unlikely that the ability of defendants to call trial,... Experience: licensed attorney in criminjal law for 30 years, then the prosecutor 's list, the witness.! Several important reasons for calling a witness in another case and another trial, then the,... They have the burden of proof witnesses were typically with the defendant expert '' witnesses to testify about 's. Examination allows the defense lawyer can I call a witness who is also a witness is called `` direct.! A lot to can the defense call a witness the prompt resolution of the case ; they do not to... As additional testimony from newly discovered witnesses, even if client objects, top Fla. says! 'Ve presented certain parts of their case brought out in cross examination witness. Area of the prosecution might call can the defense call a witness testify a witness … Posted on Oct,!";s:7:"keyword";s:30:"can the defense call a witness";s:5:"links";s:859:"<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/tresemm%C3%A9-shampoo-with-pump-moisture-rich-39-oz-566a7f">Tresemmé Shampoo With Pump Moisture Rich 39 Oz</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/kaiser-permanente-employee-handbook-566a7f">Kaiser Permanente Employee Handbook</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/recovering-from-c-section-566a7f">Recovering From C-section</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/scary-deep-sea-creatures-566a7f">Scary Deep Sea Creatures</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/mtx-subwoofer%2C-10-inch-566a7f">Mtx Subwoofer, 10 Inch</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/banyan-tree-leaf-and-peepal-tree-difference-566a7f">Banyan Tree Leaf And Peepal Tree Difference</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/matrix-sleek-look-shampoo-discontinued-566a7f">Matrix Sleek Look Shampoo Discontinued</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}

Zerion Mini Shell 1.0