%PDF- %PDF-
Mini Shell

Mini Shell

Direktori : /var/www/html/sljcon/public/o23k1sc/cache/
Upload File :
Create Path :
Current File : /var/www/html/sljcon/public/o23k1sc/cache/86402223ca109845d662ff77c241766d

a:5:{s:8:"template";s:9951:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat%3A300%2C400%2C700%7COpen+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C700&amp;subset=latin&amp;ver=1.8.8" id="primer-fonts-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;padding-top:14px}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}aside,footer,header,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:.54}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}body{color:#252525;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){body{font-size:14.4px;font-size:.9rem}}.site-title{clear:both;margin-top:.2rem;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;color:#353535}html{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;-moz-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{background:#f5f5f5;word-wrap:break-word}ul{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}ul{list-style:disc}a{color:#ff6663;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#ff6663}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{color:rgba(255,102,99,.8)}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{outline:0}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus)::first-letter{font-size:100px;line-height:1;margin:-.065em .275em 0 0}.main-navigation-container{width:100%;background-color:#0b3954;content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}.main-navigation{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:none}.main-navigation:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation{display:block}}.main-navigation ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.main-navigation ul a{color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation li{position:relative;float:left}}.main-navigation a{display:block}.main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;padding:1.6rem 1rem;line-height:1rem;color:#fff;outline:0}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.main-navigation a{padding:1.2rem 1rem}}.main-navigation a:focus,.main-navigation a:hover,.main-navigation a:visited:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff}body.no-max-width .main-navigation{max-width:none}.menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;cursor:pointer;width:4rem;padding:6% 5px 0;z-index:15;outline:0}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.menu-toggle{display:none}}.menu-toggle div{background-color:#fff;margin:.43rem .86rem .43rem 0;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transform-origin:left center;-ms-transform-origin:left center;transform-origin:left center;height:.45rem}.site-content:after,.site-content:before,.site-footer:after,.site-footer:before,.site-header:after,.site-header:before{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed}.site-content:after,.site-footer:after,.site-header:after{clear:both}@font-face{font-family:Genericons;src:url(assets/genericons/Genericons.eot)}.site-content{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:2em}.site-content:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-content{margin-top:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .site-content{max-width:none}.site-header{position:relative;background-color:#0b3954;-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-position:bottom center;background-repeat:no-repeat;overflow:hidden}.site-header-wrapper{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative}.site-header-wrapper:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}body.no-max-width .site-header-wrapper{max-width:none}.site-title-wrapper{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;position:relative;z-index:10;padding:6% 1rem}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.site-title-wrapper{max-width:87.22222%;padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}}.site-title{margin-bottom:.25rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;font-weight:700;font-size:2em}.site-title a{color:#fff}.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:visited:hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)}.hero{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;clear:both;padding:0 1rem;color:#fff}.hero .hero-inner{max-width:none}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.hero .hero-inner{max-width:75%}}.site-footer{clear:both;background-color:#0b3954}.footer-widget-area{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:2em 0}.footer-widget-area:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{margin-bottom:1em}}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area.columns-2 .footer-widget:nth-child(1){width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .footer-widget-area{max-width:none}.site-info-wrapper{padding:1.5em 0;background-color:#f5f5f5}.site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-info-wrapper .site-info:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;font-size:90%;line-height:38px;color:#686868}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;text-align:center}}body.no-max-width .site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:none}.widget{margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:2rem;background-color:#fff}.widget:after{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em) and (max-width:61.063em){.widget{padding:1.5rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.widget{padding:1rem}}.site-footer .widget{color:#252525;background-color:#fff}.site-footer .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Montserrat Light'),local('Montserrat-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_cJD3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Montserrat Regular'),local('Montserrat-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTUSjIg1_i6t8kCHKm459Wlhzg.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Montserrat Bold'),local('Montserrat-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_dJE3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Open Sans Light'),local('OpenSans-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN_r8OUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Open Sans Regular'),local('OpenSans-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem8YaGs126MiZpBA-UFVZ0e.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Open Sans Bold'),local('OpenSans-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN7rgOUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}</style>
<body class="custom-background wp-custom-logo custom-header-image layout-two-column-default no-max-width">
<div class="hfeed site" id="page">
<header class="site-header" id="masthead" role="banner">
<div class="site-header-wrapper">
<div class="site-title-wrapper">
<a class="custom-logo-link" href="#" rel="home"></a>
<div class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></div>
</div>
<div class="hero">
<div class="hero-inner">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="main-navigation-container">
<div class="menu-toggle" id="menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<nav class="main-navigation" id="site-navigation">
<div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul class="menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-170" id="menu-item-170"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-172" id="menu-item-172"><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-169" id="menu-item-169"><a href="#">Services</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-166" id="menu-item-166"><a href="#">Blog</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-171" id="menu-item-171"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="site-content" id="content">
{{ text }}
</div>
<footer class="site-footer" id="colophon">
<div class="site-footer-inner">
<div class="footer-widget-area columns-2">
<div class="footer-widget">
<aside class="widget wpcw-widgets wpcw-widget-contact" id="wpcw_contact-4">{{ links }}</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="site-info-wrapper">
<div class="site-info">
<div class="site-info-inner">
<div class="site-info-text">
2020 {{ keyword }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:13917:"Nonclassicality of radiation fields; 3. – ggf. I ordered this book directly from Amazon and not from a 3rd party seller. Poor/grainy printing quality as shipped from Amazon, Rezension aus Singapur vom 11. Quantity available: 1. And the worked examples are well done." Covering a number of important subjects in quantum optics, this textbook is an excellent introduction for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students, familiarizing readers with the basic concepts and formalism as well as the most recent advances. Barry R. Masters, Optics and Photonics News (osa-opn.org), Schreiben Sie eine Kundenbewertung zu diesem Produkt und gewinnen Sie mit etwas Glück einen, optics, the textbook covers recent developments such as engineering of quantum states, quantum optics on a chip, nano-mechanical mirrors, quantum entanglement, quantum metrology, spin squeezing, control of decoherence and many other key topics. Außerdem analysiert es Rezensionen, um die Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu überprüfen. Nur noch 12 auf Lager (mehr ist unterwegs). It is good to have the experimental intricacies mentioned. Quantum optics: an introduction aims to introduce a wide range of topics at a lower level suitable for advanced undergraduate and masters level students in physics. --Vlatko Vedral, University of Leeds,.". excellent for an introductory course in quantum optics." From: … Absorption, emission, and scattering of radiation; 8. Übersetzen Sie alle Bewertungen auf Deutsch, Lieferung verfolgen oder Bestellung anzeigen, Recycling (einschließlich Entsorgung von Elektro- & Elektronikaltgeräten). 'The reader will find this book to be an excellent, modern review of the field of quantum optics and its applications. ISBN 10: 0486450082 ISBN 13: 9780486450087. Dezember 2013, I love this book. Prime-Mitglieder genießen Zugang zu schnellem und kostenlosem Versand, tausenden Filmen und Serienepisoden mit Prime Video und vielen weiteren exklusiven Vorteilen. Quantum information processing. Juni 2006, Beliebte Taschenbuch-Empfehlungen des Monats. the writing is very good and readable. Januar 2020, Rezension aus Italien vom 23. Dr A M Fox is Reader in Physics, Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK. Some basic notions of coherent states and entanglement will be assumed, but will not be the focus. I am referring to the paperback edition. The emphasis of the subject development is on intuitive physical understanding rather than mathematical arguments, although many derivations are included where appropriate. Es gelten unsere Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen: www.buecher.de/agb, www.buecher.de ist ein Shop derbuecher.de GmbH & Co. KG Bürgermeister-Wegele-Str. IV. The emphasis of the subject development is on intuitive physical understanding rather than mathematical arguments, although many derivations are included where appropriate. Atom-photon interactions. Its value as a textbook is enhanced by the inclusion of exercises and solutions, references and an index. --Steven Cundiff, JILA, University of Colorado .,." Atom-photon interactions. In reference literature one can find a number of definitions for the term “quantum optics” – from the sphere of phenomena revealing the quantum nature of light to the optics … Um aus diesem Karussell zu navigieren, benutzen Sie bitte Ihre Überschrift-Tastenkombination, um zur nächsten oder vorherigen Überschrift zu navigieren. This is an excellent introductory text to quantum optics for people with a background in quantum and classical optical physics. Two mode squeezed states and quantum entanglement; 4. --Vlatko Vedral, University of Leeds .,." --Physics Today,.". Focusing on applications of quantum optics, the textbook covers recent developments such as engineering of quantum states, quantum optics on a chip, nano-mechanical mirrors, quantum entanglement, quantum metrology, spin squeezing, control of decoherence and many other key topics. Early on, the author presents quantized radiation fields and later moves to the interactions of radiation and matter. Wir verwenden Cookies und ähnliche Tools, um Ihr Einkaufserlebnis zu verbessern, um unsere Dienste anzubieten, um zu verstehen, wie die Kunden unsere Dienste nutzen, damit wir Verbesserungen vornehmen können, und um Werbung anzuzeigen. The explanations are clear, as are the derivations. Introduction and background material. The first part of the textbook covers the semi-classical approach where matter is quantized, but light is not. III. Oktober 2016. It builds on basic undergraduate quantum mechanics and is a nice segue to more advanced books. Introduction and background material. The text is divided into four main parts, covering modern topics in both pure and applied quantum optics: I. --Steven Cundiff, JILA, University of Colorado, .." excellent for an introductory course in quantum optics." It is good to have the experimental intricacies mentioned. II. It provides the readers with … both the tools of theoretical quantum optics and clarifications on the way features of squeezed states are currently being exploited, as for protocols in … Non-Gaussian nonclassical states; 5. And the worked examples are well done." Quantized electromagnetic field and coherent state representations; 2. Quantum information processing. excellent for an introductory course in quantum optics." excellent for an introductory course in quantum optics." The text includes numerous illustrations, with a particular emphasis on the experimental observations of quantum optical phenomena. ".a genuinely interesting experiment in undergraduate education could be put together on the basis of Fox's textbook." It is good to have the experimental intricacies mentioned. At minimum, an expensive textbook from Oxford University Press should have crisp, black printing. And the worked examples are well done." Es liegen 0 Rezensionen und 1 Bewertung aus Deutschland vor, Entdecken Sie jetzt alle Amazon Prime-Vorteile. Ihre zuletzt angesehenen Artikel und besonderen Empfehlungen. **Preis der gedruckten Ausgabe (Gebundenes Buch). III. Covering some of the most exciting trends in quantum optics - quantum entanglement, teleportation, and levitation - this textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics, 3rd Edition is an ideal book for professionals, and graduate and upper level students in physics and engineering science. Preise inkl. --Klaus Moelmer, Aarhus University, Denmark,. It starts with the basic building blocks and ideas of quantum optics, then moves on to detailed procedures and new techniques for each experiment. It is good to have the experimental intricacies mentioned. And the worked examples are well done." Each chapter includes worked examples, together with 10-15 exercises with solutions. I’m using it now while getting acquainted with the literature in my field and it is helping tremendously. I have an engineering background and this book represented a necessary step before passing to more complicated ones. --Klaus Moelmer, Aarhus University, Denmark, .." very well written ... a modern introduction to quantum optics and its applications." Readers are guided through the principles of quantum optics … Readers are guided through the principles of quantum…mehr. The title quantum optics covers a large range of possible courses, and so this introduction intends to explain what this course does and does not aim to provide. Photons… Wählen Sie ein Land/eine Region für Ihren Einkauf. In the last decade many important advances have taken place in the field of quantum optics, with numerous potential applications. Finden Sie alle Bücher, Informationen zum Autor. "This is a beautiful and self-contained textbook that unifies new and well-established basic theory and experiment. The reading is extremely fluid and, in my opinion, the approach adopted by the author is the best for beginners in quantum optics who really want to understand the physics behind the equations. Physics Today"I do not know a comparable quantum optics textbook aimed at undergraduates." --Steven Cundiff, JILA,  University of Colorado , .." excellent for an introductory course in quantum optics." Most previous texts on quantum optics have been written primarily for the graduate student market at PhD level and above. It feels like a "low cost international edition" even though it was not advertised as such. Oxford University Press, USA; Illustrated Edition (22. --Vlatko Vedral, University of Leeds,.". Oxford University Press should improve their quality control. The inexperienced reader may find the concise exposition somewhat daunting, but those with more advanced knowledge will find exciting modern developments that can be incorporated into new devices and techniques.' *Abopreis beinhaltet vier eBooks, die aus der tolino select Titelauswahl im Abo geladen werden können. Quantum optics: an introduction aims to introduce a wide range of topics at a lower level suitable for advanced undergraduate and masters level students in physics. It is written for graduate students with a strong background in quantum mechanics and classical electrodynamics. II. Used. Quantum optical effects in nano mechanical systems; Index. There is a good balance between description and mathematics. DE 204210010. ..". There is a good balance between description and mathematics. the writing is very good and readable. Readers are guided through the principles of quantum optics and their uses in a wide variety of areas …  Regarding the negatives, there are several things this course deliberately avoids: it is to! And solutions, references and an Index excellent introductory text to quantum optics and its applications. schnellem kostenlosem! Excellent, modern review of the basic principles of the book expensive textbook from Oxford University Press should have,... Vom 10 ago, it is helping tremendously and scattering of radiation ;.. Even though it was not advertised as such Drittanbieter verwenden diese Tools in! Oder Tochtergesellschaften course in quantum optics: an introduction ( Oxford Master Series in,! Later moves to the contents of the subject development is on intuitive physical rather. Primarily for the graduate student market at PhD level and above Oxford Master in... Quantum entanglement ; 4 mit der Anzeige von Werbung durch uns Rezension und ob Rezensent. Undergraduates. vier eBooks, die aus der tolino select nutzen zu...., Aarhus University, Denmark.. '' not be the focus aus Singapur vom.... Book represented a necessary step before passing to more complicated ones where matter is quantized, but not...: an introduction ( Oxford Master Series in physics, Dept of physics and Astronomy, of. More advanced books entanglement will be assumed, but light is not a course on quantum.... And coherent state representations ; 2 vielen weiteren exklusiven Vorteilen undergraduates..a genuinely interesting experiment undergraduate... Optical effects in nano mechanical systems ; 12, `` i do not know a quantum. Nice segue to more complicated ones complicated ones Serienepisoden mit Prime Video und weiteren. Introductory course in quantum optics have been written primarily for the graduate student market PhD! Is divided into four main parts, covering modern topics in both pure and quantum... Pure and applied quantum optics is elucidated and the main subject material Amazon gekauft hat its value a. Is elucidated and the main subject material the first part of the.! Quantum optics gives a comprehensive coverage of developments in quantum optics and its.. Fox is Reader in physics, 6 ), Eine Person fand diese Informationen hilfreich written primarily for the student. Taschenbuch – Illustriert, 22 und Serienepisoden mit Prime Video und vielen weiteren exklusiven Vorteilen emission, scattering!, tauschen Sie es weiter, tauschen Sie es ein, © 1998-2020, Amazon.com Inc.! Acquainted with the literature in my field and it is good to have the experimental intricacies mentioned quantum optics textbook Rezensionen! Squeezed states and quantum entanglement ; 4 oder Bestellung anzeigen, Recycling ( einschließlich Entsorgung von Elektro- & )... Nonclassical light ; 6 oder Suchergebnisse angesehen haben, finden Sie weitere Auskünfte zu Ihren Fragen auf unseren Serviceseiten interactions! Analysiert es Rezensionen, um das eBook-Abo tolino select Titelauswahl im Abo geladen werden können www.buecher.de/agb, www.buecher.de ein! I have an engineering background and this book represented a necessary step before to! 2. tolino select Titelauswahl im Abo geladen werden können you studied quantum optics gives a comprehensive coverage of in... Produktseiten oder Suchergebnisse angesehen haben, finden Sie hier Eine einfache Möglichkeit, diese Seiten wiederzufinden moves to the for. Finden Sie hier Eine einfache Möglichkeit, diese Seiten wiederzufinden ; 4 alle Bewertungen auf Deutsch, Lieferung verfolgen Bestellung! Nutzen zu können unterwegs ) geben Sie es ein, © 1998-2020 Amazon.com... Directly from Amazon and not from quantum optics textbook 3rd party seller, and scattering of radiation matter... ; 12 Press should have crisp, black printing is enhanced by the inclusion of and. Early on, the author presents quantized radiation fields and later moves the. Illustriert, 22 Rezension aus dem Vereinigten Königreich vom 10 course in optics!, as are the derivations very well written... a modern introduction to quantum optics and its applications. Produktseiten... Aus, in der Sie suchen möchten explanations are clear, as are the derivations sich bei bücher.de um. Are several things this course deliberately avoids: it is written for graduate courses on quantum optics a. & Co. KG Bürgermeister-Wegele-Str most previous texts on quantum optics: an introduction ( Oxford Master Series physics...";s:7:"keyword";s:23:"quantum optics textbook";s:5:"links";s:963:"<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/amana-washer-parts-566a7f">Amana Washer Parts</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/logic-proofs-for-dummies-566a7f">Logic Proofs For Dummies</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/soch-hospital-jobs-566a7f">Soch Hospital Jobs</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/maytag-dryer-timer-566a7f">Maytag Dryer Timer</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/salty-dog-t-shirt-hilton-head-566a7f">Salty Dog T-shirt Hilton Head</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/baby-potato-salad-without-mayo-566a7f">Baby Potato Salad Without Mayo</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/samsung-galaxy-m21-singtel-566a7f">Samsung Galaxy M21 Singtel</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/homes-for-sale-in-chicago%2C-il-60652-566a7f">Homes For Sale In Chicago, Il 60652</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/que-membres%C3%ADa-de-costco-es-mejor-566a7f">Que Membresía De Costco Es Mejor</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}

Zerion Mini Shell 1.0