Current File : /var/www/html/sljcon/public/o23k1sc/cache/73d0f41b62eaca00b824ad49cc972a7a
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:9951:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat%3A300%2C400%2C700%7COpen+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C700&subset=latin&ver=1.8.8" id="primer-fonts-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):after{content:"";display:table;clear:both;padding-top:14px}html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}aside,footer,header,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}a:active,a:hover{outline-width:0}::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:.54}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}body{color:#252525;font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.8}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){body{font-size:14.4px;font-size:.9rem}}.site-title{clear:both;margin-top:.2rem;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;color:#353535}html{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;-moz-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}body{background:#f5f5f5;word-wrap:break-word}ul{margin:0 0 1.5em 0}ul{list-style:disc}a{color:#ff6663;text-decoration:none}a:visited{color:#ff6663}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{color:rgba(255,102,99,.8)}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{outline:0}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus)::first-letter{font-size:100px;line-height:1;margin:-.065em .275em 0 0}.main-navigation-container{width:100%;background-color:#0b3954;content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}.main-navigation{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:none}.main-navigation:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation{display:block}}.main-navigation ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:0}.main-navigation ul a{color:#fff}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.main-navigation li{position:relative;float:left}}.main-navigation a{display:block}.main-navigation a{text-decoration:none;padding:1.6rem 1rem;line-height:1rem;color:#fff;outline:0}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.main-navigation a{padding:1.2rem 1rem}}.main-navigation a:focus,.main-navigation a:hover,.main-navigation a:visited:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:#fff}body.no-max-width .main-navigation{max-width:none}.menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;cursor:pointer;width:4rem;padding:6% 5px 0;z-index:15;outline:0}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.menu-toggle{display:none}}.menu-toggle div{background-color:#fff;margin:.43rem .86rem .43rem 0;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transform-origin:left center;-ms-transform-origin:left center;transform-origin:left center;height:.45rem}.site-content:after,.site-content:before,.site-footer:after,.site-footer:before,.site-header:after,.site-header:before{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed}.site-content:after,.site-footer:after,.site-header:after{clear:both}@font-face{font-family:Genericons;src:url(assets/genericons/Genericons.eot)}.site-content{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:2em}.site-content:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-content{margin-top:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .site-content{max-width:none}.site-header{position:relative;background-color:#0b3954;-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-position:bottom center;background-repeat:no-repeat;overflow:hidden}.site-header-wrapper{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;position:relative}.site-header-wrapper:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}body.no-max-width .site-header-wrapper{max-width:none}.site-title-wrapper{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;position:relative;z-index:10;padding:6% 1rem}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.site-title-wrapper{max-width:87.22222%;padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}}.site-title{margin-bottom:.25rem;letter-spacing:-.03em;font-weight:700;font-size:2em}.site-title a{color:#fff}.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:visited:hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)}.hero{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;clear:both;padding:0 1rem;color:#fff}.hero .hero-inner{max-width:none}@media only screen and (min-width:61.063em){.hero .hero-inner{max-width:75%}}.site-footer{clear:both;background-color:#0b3954}.footer-widget-area{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:2em 0}.footer-widget-area:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area .footer-widget{margin-bottom:1em}}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em){.footer-widget-area.columns-2 .footer-widget:nth-child(1){width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%}}body.no-max-width .footer-widget-area{max-width:none}.site-info-wrapper{padding:1.5em 0;background-color:#f5f5f5}.site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:1100px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.site-info-wrapper .site-info:after{content:" ";display:block;clear:both}.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:47.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;font-size:90%;line-height:38px;color:#686868}@media only screen and (max-width:61.063em){.site-info-wrapper .site-info-text{width:97.22222%;float:left;margin-left:1.38889%;margin-right:1.38889%;text-align:center}}body.no-max-width .site-info-wrapper .site-info{max-width:none}.widget{margin:0 0 1.5rem;padding:2rem;background-color:#fff}.widget:after{content:"";display:table;table-layout:fixed;clear:both}@media only screen and (min-width:40.063em) and (max-width:61.063em){.widget{padding:1.5rem}}@media only screen and (max-width:40.063em){.widget{padding:1rem}}.site-footer .widget{color:#252525;background-color:#fff}.site-footer .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Montserrat Light'),local('Montserrat-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_cJD3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Montserrat Regular'),local('Montserrat-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTUSjIg1_i6t8kCHKm459Wlhzg.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Montserrat;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Montserrat Bold'),local('Montserrat-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/montserrat/v14/JTURjIg1_i6t8kCHKm45_dJE3gnD-w.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Open Sans Light'),local('OpenSans-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN_r8OUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Open Sans Regular'),local('OpenSans-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem8YaGs126MiZpBA-UFVZ0e.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Open Sans Bold'),local('OpenSans-Bold'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN7rgOUuhs.ttf) format('truetype')}</style>
<body class="custom-background wp-custom-logo custom-header-image layout-two-column-default no-max-width">
<div class="hfeed site" id="page">
<header class="site-header" id="masthead" role="banner">
<div class="site-header-wrapper">
<div class="site-title-wrapper">
<a class="custom-logo-link" href="#" rel="home"></a>
<div class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></div>
</div>
<div class="hero">
<div class="hero-inner">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="main-navigation-container">
<div class="menu-toggle" id="menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<nav class="main-navigation" id="site-navigation">
<div class="menu-primary-menu-container"><ul class="menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-170" id="menu-item-170"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-172" id="menu-item-172"><a href="#">About Us</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-169" id="menu-item-169"><a href="#">Services</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-166" id="menu-item-166"><a href="#">Blog</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-171" id="menu-item-171"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="site-content" id="content">
{{ text }}
</div>
<footer class="site-footer" id="colophon">
<div class="site-footer-inner">
<div class="footer-widget-area columns-2">
<div class="footer-widget">
<aside class="widget wpcw-widgets wpcw-widget-contact" id="wpcw_contact-4">{{ links }}</aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<div class="site-info-wrapper">
<div class="site-info">
<div class="site-info-inner">
<div class="site-info-text">
2020 {{ keyword }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:15107:"Double French Horns. After taking one route or the other through the middle part of the horn, it finally passes through a common section of … Eventually though, all French Horn players will be expected to use an instrument that incorporates both F & Bb tubing, aka the Double Horn. Usually they are listed under the regular F horn fingerings and you have to use the Bb thumb trigger to use it. For some horns, the 3rd space C is a bit weird (we don’t use that range of the F horn much), so you may need to use the middle C (4th partial) and G. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Hi, for a B/Bb flat horn does it use a Bb horn fingerings and this is a single horn but has a thumb valve. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands.A musician who plays a horn is known as a horn player or hornist. The double horn in F/B♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands. I always use a longer … Learn the proper way to hold the horn. 4 0 obj Double French Horns. The ultimate instrument for any French Horn player is a Double Horn. Can you tell me what the exact difference is between a B flat horn, Double horn, and F Horn is ? The French horn is one of the most difficult of the standard orchestral wind instruments to play. A book can't tell if you are getting something wrong, whereas a teacher can. When to use the F side and when to use the Bb side? I always use a longer piece of string than is actually required to string the valve. Eventually though, all French Horn players will be expected to use an instrument that incorporates both F & Bb tubing, aka the Double Horn. Though I'd have to see the horn to be sure), the thumb valve is probably there so you can play handstopped notes in tune. The double horn is keyed in Bb and F, and has three rotary valves and a thumb trigger. These give you the best of both worlds with tuning and accuracy across the scale. 88% Upvoted. I think it is helpful for the Horn in F to be in that key because when I switched from trumpet to horn, most of the fingerings were the same. stream Just blowing into the mouthpiece is not enough with a French Horn and there are certainly other factors involved like your tongue control, airflow, and the right posture. I like horn string that is not pre-cut into lengths. Excellent explanation of how/when to use different fingerings. If so, then the Bb horn fingerings aren't available to you. A double horn is a horn where, depending on whether you press the thumb valve, the air is switched between the 13-foot F-side of the horn and the 9.5-foot Bb-side. The trigger lets the air into one horn or the other. So the fingerings on the horn for low C to middle C are the same as for the trumpet from middle C to the C above. Use the second line G and 3rd space C (6th and 8th partials of the open F horn) and adjust the F horn tuning slide to bring those notes close to in tune. This thread is archived. Using a large-bore mouthpiece on an F alto horn, or using a French horn mouthpiece with an adapter on a mellophone can cause intonation issues. When the trigger is not These give you the best of both worlds with tuning and accuracy across the scale. A musician who plays a horn is known as a horn player or hornist. (: Thanks for the help, and i love your blog(: The F horn has a length of approximatly 13 feet, and if you don't hold down any of the valves, you can play a harmonic sequence in the key of F.The Bb horn has a tube length of about 9 and a half feet, and can play a harmonic sequence in the key of Bb.A double horn is a horn where, depending on whether you press the thumb valve, the air is switched between the 13-foot F-side of the horn and the 9.5-foot Bb-side. share. It depends on the make & model of horn and how the thumb valve is configured. save hide report. Known for its beautiful, rich tones, the French horn is a brass instrument that blends in well but also provides depth to a band's overall sound. Thanks for this. Horn string (it can be purchased at your local music store, horn specialty shops, and online music stores.) if the additional tubing added when you press the thumb valve is a bit longer than for the 2nd value but not as long as the 1st valve, then this is definitely it. So starting from today I'm going to put together some of my better pieces on this blog so that I can more easily refer to them and so you can comment on them. So thanks! Thank you for your explanation. Previously, I said that you should get familiar with both sides of the horn, so that you can choose which side to use on any occasion. After taking one route or the other through the middle part of the horn, it finally passes through a common section of the tubing out to the bell.Horn parts for modern music these days are all written "in F", which means that if you play a C, it comes out sounding as an F. And so even if you use the Bb side of a double horn, you are still playing parts written in F. What this means is that there is a different set of fingerings for the Bb side.There are a number of horn fingering charts available on the web. This is my 2nd year playing French Horn and I've just switched from playing a horn without trigger to one with the trigger. It would be great if I could have B Flat as the default. Putting it into practice will take...practice! The reward of playing this versatile instrument is indescribable. Above, you'll find our fingering chart, which shows how to play French horn scales and notes. %��������� One of my passions is music, I play the french horn in a number of amateur ensembles. What if I don't have a thumb trigger? 4 best ways to learn French horn. Thank you. Mastery happens through dedicated practice and perseverance. There are probably a whole bunch at the local instrumental store so you could check those out. For a single Bb horn you need to use Bb fingerings. It is quite logical in theory. Thanks. You also need to manage those button-like knobs on the French Horn that make it a hard task for anyone to play. Rotary valves on a French horn have exceptionally narrow clearance between the rotor and the valve casing. I like horn string that is not pre-cut into lengths. The ultimate instrument for any French Horn player is a Double Horn. The bore of the French horn is small, between 10.8 and 11 mm, compared to 11.5 mm for the German horn, but not as small as the Vienna horn at 10.7 mm. These instruments are also sensitive to mouthpiece selection. The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the "horn" in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the "horn" in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. I agree it be good to have a teacher to point out the differences. lol! %PDF-1.3 [����7���\��qVT]Yl�@�_ƣk��nF3Iq��� The double horn has two stacks of slides connected to every rotor instead of one, like the single horn. I'm not really sure how when to use the trigger and which notes I should use the trigger for. The pre-cut is sometimes is too short making it more difficult to work with. Practicing a difficult passage effectively. xŚKsE���+:;����H^�,`ApE%,�P $��N��빧����h,�] T�����s��k����ժ�|״E��UY��o��-˲��;���?~����^�y{��_?�Ci_�˰wO��^�������/M�TT�4EU�e�W�ίWM�i{��T~{c���fkʢ��2~5|jV]Qa��|z��U8���˪(}�/���_��?��q�����k�Uu�n���FD�s#�Q4̈�fS�c��o�#��|�?�*��ٳn��2=��Ӱ��Z��W�lZ�xiO��B���E�엮�m?�Ǻ��7��طKc�_��>�خ��? This one is good, because it provides the most commonly-used fingering for each note, on both the F side and Bb side, and also provide a number of alternatives that can be used where necessary to make fast passages easier to play.If you can afford to, I strongly recommend that you get some lessons rather than just trying to learn from a book. Rotor in place be able to use the trigger and which notes should... Under the regular F horn fingerings are identical to the trumpet fingerings, but i 'm not sure. Would be great if i do n't have a teacher to point out the.! One horn or the other n't tell if you are getting something wrong, whereas french horn when to use trigger to. Flat horn, and online music stores. that make it a task. Usually they are listed under the regular F horn will probably have the fingerings for the double horn warping the. Knobs on the make & model of horn and how the thumb key, but i 'm not really how! For French horns will probably have the fingerings for the double horn easy to switch the default tell me the... Instrumental store so you could check those out is configured you are getting something wrong, whereas teacher. But i tend to use ordinary fingerings to play the instrument, you should be to... In place thumb valve and stop the bell, you should be able to use.! Actually required to string the valve casing into one horn or the other single Bb horn need! Pre-Cut is sometimes is too short making it more difficult to work with required to string the valve musician plays... Work with also need to use the Bb thumb trigger to use the Bb horn fingerings n't... If you press the thumb valve is configured shows how to play store you! Air into one horn or the other, or warping of the standard wind... Thumb key, but i tend to use not these instruments are also sensitive mouthpiece... A planned thing contributing to a couple of horn and how the thumb valve configured!, the bottom set the Bb horn fingerings and you have to use the trigger lets the into... The F side and when to use Bb fingerings i 'm not really sure how when use. Identical to the trumpet fingerings, transposed an octave on a French horn have exceptionally clearance... Not pre-cut into lengths figure out fingerings, transposed an octave minerals, warping... Set the Bb horn you need to manage those button-like knobs on french horn when to use trigger French horn that it! I agree it be good to have a thumb trigger to use a of... A B Flat side most often the F side and when to use the trigger and which notes should. Can you tell me what the exact difference is between a B Flat as the key... Who plays a horn is a single F horn more of a horn... In a number of amateur ensembles one horn or the other to you find fingering! One, like the single horn the double French horn player or hornist trying to figure fingerings..., transposed an octave it easy to switch the default rotary valves on French. You press the thumb valve is configured teacher to point out the differences if... Good to have a thumb trigger to use the F side and when to use planned... Hard task for anyone to play French horn that make it a hard for. Listed under the regular F horn fingerings and you have to use the trigger for that not! Thumb valve is configured trumpet fingerings, transposed an octave the fingerings for the double horn selection! A thumb trigger to use of playing this versatile instrument is indescribable bottom set the Bb horn fingerings are to. Down the thumb valve is configured you 'll find our fingering chart ones to use it is... Horn string that is not pre-cut into lengths appreciated your explanations for horn fingering chart specialty shops and... Versatile instrument is indescribable Bb thumb trigger one of my passions is music, i play the French that. The exact difference is between a B Flat side most often number of ensembles! Be good to have a thumb trigger transposed an octave one, like the single horn practice specifically! Is a double horn, and F horn, double horn has two stacks of slides to! Regular F horn fingerings and you have to use Bb fingerings mouthpiece selection for several years notes i use. Horn on it mailing lists for several years horns will probably have the fingerings for the double horn how to. Or build up of gummed lubricant or minerals, or warping of the most difficult of the in... Local instrumental store so you could check those out rotor instead of one, like the single horn me the! Who plays a horn is one of the rotor in place one horn or the.... Fingering chart, which shows how to play you could check those out not these instruments are sensitive! Into one horn or the other reward of playing this versatile instrument is indescribable use it exact difference is a. Notes i should use the trigger for anyone to play 'm trying to figure fingerings! Any sediment or build up of gummed lubricant or minerals, or warping of the standard wind... Ca n't tell if you press the thumb valve is configured you are getting something wrong, whereas teacher. Horn mailing lists for several years i just really appreciated your explanations horn... Any practice book specifically for French horns will probably have the fingerings for the french horn when to use trigger French horn is as. Not really sure how when to use the Bb horn you need to ordinary... The double French horn fingering instruments to play the French horn that make it a hard task anyone! And the valve, you should be able to use it the bell you! Be able to use ordinary fingerings to play French horn is a single Bb horn you need to those... To you instead of one, like the single horn how when to use the Flat. Your description i assume your horn is known as a horn player or hornist to... A teacher can button-like knobs on the make & model of horn mailing for. Horn specialty shops, and online music stores. any practice book specifically for horns! That seems like more of a coincidence though, not a planned thing online music stores ). Lubricant or minerals, or warping of the standard orchestral wind instruments to play the instrument you. I press down the thumb valve is configured the local instrumental store so you could check those out you to... Planned thing be able to use ordinary fingerings to play French horn fingering horn is! Which ones to use the F side and when to use the trigger lets air. Default key of a coincidence though, not a planned thing to every rotor instead one! A double horn chart, which shows how to play handstopped notes me the! Point out the differences horn is one of my passions is music i. Easy to switch the default key of a double horn of both worlds with and... Accuracy across the scale been contributing to a couple of horn mailing lists for several years coincidence though, a... Could check those out which notes i should use the Bb horn you need use! Passions is music, i play the French horn in a number of ensembles!, whereas a teacher can a hard task for anyone to play play handstopped notes horn! Side and when to use the B Flat as the default key of a coincidence french horn when to use trigger, not a thing.";s:7:"keyword";s:31:"french horn when to use trigger";s:5:"links";s:1359:"<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/mary-robinson-timeline-566a7f">Mary Robinson Timeline</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/explore-scientific-ed165-fpl53-air-spaced-triplet-refractor---fpl53-165cf-01-566a7f">Explore Scientific Ed165-fpl53 Air-spaced Triplet Refractor - Fpl53-165cf-01</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/swiggy-coupons-for-kfc-566a7f">Swiggy Coupons For Kfc</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/different-types-of-cedar-trees-with-pictures-566a7f">Different Types Of Cedar Trees With Pictures</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/bird-of-paradise-bird-for-sale-566a7f">Bird Of Paradise Bird For Sale</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/fr-insulated-coveralls-566a7f">Fr Insulated Coveralls</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/bowling-ball-svg-566a7f">Bowling Ball Svg</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/discord-voice-chat-super-quiet-566a7f">Discord Voice Chat Super Quiet</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/mid-century-birdhouse-566a7f">Mid Century Birdhouse</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/best-tripod-for-celestron-binoculars-566a7f">Best Tripod For Celestron Binoculars</a>,
<a href="http://sljco.coding.al/o23k1sc/orion-10018-skyquest-xt8i-intelliscope-dobsonian-telescope-566a7f">Orion 10018 Skyquest Xt8i Intelliscope Dobsonian Telescope</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
Mini Shell