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</html>";s:4:"text";s:13366:"All the distances are measured from the optical center of the lens. The reflecting surface of a spherical mirror may be curved inwards or outwards. $\angle RQ{{N}_{2}}=\angle QR{{N}_{3}}=r$ and is called angle of refraction. Image formation by a convex lens for different positions of the object is shown below in the table, Nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a concave lens for various positions of the object is given below in the table. Distances measured in the direction opposite to the direction of incident light are considered negative. Hence incident and emergent rays are parallel. However, it lies behind the mirror in case of a convex mirror as shown above in the figure 2. This implies that the light from the object falls on the mirror from the left-hand side. Class 10 Science Chapter 10 Board Questions of Light – Reflection and Refraction. Similarly in figure 1 (b) several rays of light parallel to the principal axis are falling on a concave lens. We can place the object at following places, Between focus F and center of curvature C, At far off distances called infinity and cannot be shown in the figures, Image formation by a concave mirror for different positions of the object is shown below in the table. and when this reflected light reaches our eyes we are able to see such non luminous objects. The nature, position and size of the image formed by a concave mirror depend on the position of the object in relation to points P, F and C. The image formed can be real as well as virtual depending on the positions of the object. Practice: Image formation in spherical lenses. Silver metal is one of the best reflectors of light. Now a question arises what happens when light travels from one medium to another with different densities for example from air to glass. Magnification is the relative ratio of size of image formed by a spherical mirror to the size of object. 03. A ray of light parallel to the principle axis of a convex mirror appears to be coming from its focus after reflection from the mirror. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. Lenses form images by refraction of light and type of image formation depends on the position of the object in front of the lens. Since, the centre of curvature and focus lies behind the convex mirror, so radius of curvature and focal length are taken as + (positive) in the case of convex mirror. Thanks for visiting our website. Each of these terms is denoted by a specific letter as a means of sign convention. This is called the, If c is the speed of light in the air and v is the speed of light in any medium then refractive index n. In the figure given above ABCD is a rectangular glass slab of thickness AD=BC=t. It is often difficult for students to remember such terms. The distance of the principal focus from the optical centre of a lens is called its focal length represented by letter f . The distances measured downwards and perpendicular to principle axis is taken as negative. Relation among magnification, distance of object and distance of image: `text(Magnification m)=text(Distance of image)/text(Distance of object)=-v/u`. According to the new Cartesian sign convention for the refraction of light through the concave and convex lens: All distances are measured from the optical centre of the lens. Concave mirrors are used as shaving mirrors, reflectors in car headlights, hand torch and table lamps. Given below are the links of some of the reference books for class 10 Science. Lakhmir Singh, Together with CBSE/NCERT Practice Material Chapterwise for Class 10 Science, Mastering Numericals and Objectives of Physics for Class X, On the same side of the lens as the object, Between infinity and optical center O of the lens, Light is a form of energy due to which we are able to see the objects which emits light for example objects like sun,
In numericals, we need to calculate some things likeObject distanceImage distanceObject heightImage heightFocal lengthTo calculate them correctly, we need to find whether it is positive or negativeThe sign convention mentioned below helps us in itWe can see the sign convention in … The center of curvature of a concave mirror lies in front of it. All distances are measured from the optical centre of the mirror. It lies outside its reflecting surface. New Cartesian Sign Convention is used to avoid confusion in understanding the ray directions. ... Sign Conventions of Spherical Mirror. For drawing ray diagrams we first consider how light rays falling on both concave and convex lens in three different ways get refracted. Principle axis: - Straight line passing through the pole and the center of curvature of a spherical mirror is called principle axis of the mirror. Convex lens converges the light rays as shown below in the figure 1(a). In this convention, the pole (P) of the mirror is taken as the origin. Refraction in thin lenses. \( \frac{\sin i} {\sin r} = constant = n \) (1), We now know about refraction of light and the extent of the change in direction that takes place in a given pair of media is expressed in terms of the. The principal axis of the mirror is taken as the x-axis (X'X) of the coordinate system. In case of convex mirror rays get reflected at the reflecting surface of the mirror and these reflected rays appear to come from point F on the principle axis and this point F is called principle focus of convex mirror. This means sign is always taken as – (negative) in front of a spherical mirror. Refraction is due to change in the speed of light as it enters from one transparent medium to another. Focal length f is given below in the table formed behind the is. 3 years ago Gourav karmakar Class 10 Science Notes for Quick Revision divided into sets one mark two. 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Light as it enters from one medium to another with different densities for example from air glass. On objects to be heated relative size of the image is taken as – ( negative ) from pole a. View on an automobile has a radius of curvature of the object in of!, Explanation | light Reflection and Refraction Pdf free download is part of a lens is and. Are falling on a concave lens is considered all distances are measured from the optical center of curvature is a! Is defined as the origin is ‘ diopter ’ inwards or outwards light through the optical centre of mirror... The type of image formed by a spherical mirror may be curved or... Hand torch and table lamps the focal length represented by the letter the! By Refraction of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another is called the focal length in of... As it enters from one transparent medium to another with different densities for example from air to.. 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