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</body></html>";s:4:"text";s:30199:"[69], Old coat of arms of the Medici used by Giovanni di Bicci and Cosimo the Elder, The intermediate coat of arms of the Medici, Or, six balls in orle gules, The "augmented coat of arms of the Medici, Or, five balls in orle gules, in chief a larger one of the arms of France (viz. Medici sono una delle più note famiglie d'Europa, protagonisti della storia italiana dal XV al XVIII secolo.Oltre ad aver retto le sorti della città di Firenze prima e della Toscana poi, dal 1434 fi [..] Austria and Spain were ruled by the House of Habsburg; the two are interchangeable terms for the Habsburg domains in the time period in question. Doordat deze vloeren slechts subtiel verouderd zijn, krijgt de pietra dei medici natuursteen vloer een authentieke maar strak-moderne uitstraling. De kogels van de’ Medici. Cosimo in turn patronized Vasari, who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno – ("Academy of the Arts of Drawing") in 1563. Cosimo and Lorenzo rarely held official posts but were the unquestioned leaders. Louis repudiated her pro-Habsburg policy in 1617. [52] Lorenzo also served as patron to Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) for seven years. Their collective regency is known as the Turtici. After Lorenzo's death, the puritanical Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola rose to prominence, warning Florentines against excessive luxury. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici. Medici - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. [49] On 19 February 1743, she died, and the grand ducal line of the House of Medici died with her. "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela". Brugge, ook wel het Venetië van het Noorden genoemd, omwille van de vele pittoreske kanalen. By 1722, the electress was not even acknowledged as heiress, and Cosimo was reduced to spectator at the conferences for Tuscany's future. Cosimo and Lorenzo de' Medici were notable rulers and patrons of the arts in Florence; the family also provided four popes (including Leo X ) and two queens of France (Catherine de' Medici and Marie de … [44] Following a sprained ankle in 1731, he remained confined to his bed for the rest of his life. Brother of Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Medici were responsible for a high proportion of the major Florentine works of art created during their period of rule. As I have had more honour and responsibility among you than any private citizen has had in our day, I am more bound than any other person to serve our country, even at the risk of my life. [27] Ferdinando's pro-papal foreign policy, however, had drawbacks. In 1530, after allying himself with Charles V, Pope Clement VII succeeded in securing the engagement of Charles V's daughter Margeret of Austria to his illegitimate nephew (reputedly his son) Alessandro de' Medici. Eldest son of Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The deaths of Alessandro and Ippolito enabled the Medici's "junior" branch to lead Florence. He was interred in the Basilica of San Lorenzo, the Medici's necropolis. [25] Francesco and Ferdinando, due to lax distinction between Medici and Tuscan state property, are thought to have been wealthier than their ancestor, Cosimo de' Medici, the founder of the dynasty. [16] These three members of the Medici family had great skills in the management of so "restive and independent a city" as Florence. [55] Marie de' Medici, widow of Henry IV of France and mother of Louis XIII, is the subject of a commissioned cycle of paintings known as the Marie de' Medici cycle, painted for the Luxembourg Palace by court painter Peter Paul Rubens in 1622–23. In 1569, the duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after territorial expansion. Another outstanding figure of the 16th-century Medici family was Cosimo I, who rose from relatively modest beginnings in the Mugello to attain supremacy over the whole of Tuscany. Spletna stran slovenskih sinonimov je projekt, ki stremi k izboljšanju uporabnikovega besednega zaklada. [5] In 1532, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence. The Medici family have claimed to have funded the invention of the piano and opera, financed the construction of Saint Peter's Basilica and Santa Maria del Fiore, and were patrons of Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Machiavelli, Galileo and Francesco Redi among many others in the arts and sciences. Against the opposition of Catherine de' Medici, Paul III and their allies, he prevailed in various battles to conquer Florence's hated rival Siena and found the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, Genealogical tables of the House of Medici, Medici family tree § Medici family tree (Grand Dukes of Tuscany), "Cosimo de Medici e l'amore per le tartarughe con la vela", "Medici Family – – Encyclopædia Britannica", "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400–1434", "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici – Electress Palatine", Florence Journal; Where the Bodies Are Buried, Modern-Day Medici Feud, Alan Feuer, New York Times, May 4, 2004, "The Medici balls: Origins of the family's coat of arms", Prince Ottaviano de' Medici: Solving a 417-year-old murder mystery (May 4, 2004), Medici Family Tree, featuring portraits and bios of key members of the Medici Dynasty, 1400–1737, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Medici&oldid=999589767, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, By Medico, Castellan of Potrone, considered the first ancestor of the house, Eldest son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Despite all of these incentives for economic growth and prosperity, the population of Florence at the dawn of the 17th century was a mere 75,000, far smaller than the other capitals of Italy: Rome, Milan, Venice, Palermo and Naples. Tuscany became a province of the United Kingdom of Italy in 1861. balsamo, cura, medicina. The following year, on 23 May 1498, Savonarola and two young supporters were burned at the stake in the Piazza della Signoria, the same location as his bonfire. The Florentines grieved her,[50] and she was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete, San Lorenzo. Wij kijken er alvast naar uit jullie te mogen verwelkomen. The most likely theories, however, are that the balls originally represent coins copied from the coat of arms of the Guild of Moneychangers (Arte del Cambio) to which the Medici belonged. Through Marie, all succeeding French monarchs (bar the Napoleons) were descended from Francesco. Here Are Our Top English Tips, The Best Articles To Improve Your English Language Usage, The Most Common English Language Questions. Henry explicitly stated that he would defend Tuscany from Spanish aggression, but later reneged, after which Ferdinando was forced to marry his heir, Cosimo, to Maria Maddalena of Austria to assuage Spain (where Maria Maddalena's sister Margaret was the incumbent Queen consort). [12] The next year, however, a pro-Medici Signoria (civic government) led by Tommaso Soderini, Oddo Altoviti and Lucca Pitti was elected and Cosimo returned. The name in Italian is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable /ˈmɛ .di.tʃi/ and not on the second vowel. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. [34] The war effort was costly and the treasury so empty because of it that when the Castro mercenaries were paid for, the state could no longer afford to pay interest on government bonds, with the result that the interest rate was lowered by 0.75%. However, the Medici family did afford the scientist a safe haven for many years. He died in 1574, succeeded by his eldest surviving son Francesco, whose inability to produce male heirs led to the succession of his younger brother, Ferdinando, upon his death in 1587. [28] Cosimo died of consumption (tuberculosis) in 1621. The greatest accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of art and architecture, mainly early and High Renaissance art and architecture. Despite his refusal of official approval, the pope nonetheless allowed the plot to proceed without interfering, and, after the failed assassination of Lorenzo, also gave dispensation for crimes done in the service of the church. However, these portions of his proclamation were completely ignored, and he died a few days later. Under Savonarola's fanatical leadership, many great works were "voluntarily" destroyed in the Bonfire of the Vanities (February 7, 1497). Despite the presence of some Medici in the city's government institutions, they were still far less notable than other outstanding families such as the Albizzi or the Strozzi. [22] To strengthen the new Franco-Tuscan alliance, he married his niece, Marie, to Henry IV of France. For the pharmaceutical company, see. Minerva, Mercury and Pluto pay homage to the Electress Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, The Medieval World – Europe 1100–1350 by Friedrich Heer, 1998 Germany. [3] (see Medici family tree). Are You Learning English? The Ruspanti, Gian Gastone's decrepit entourage, loathed the electress, and she them. Een man schoot hem te hulp en verdedigde de keizer heldhaftig met zijn schild. [23] In foreign affairs, he shifted Tuscany away from Habsburg[24] hegemony by marrying the first non-Habsburg marriage candidate since Alessandro, Christina of Lorraine, a granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici. The exile of the Medici lasted until 1512, after which the "senior" branch of the family — those descended from Cosimo the Elder — were able to rule until the assassination of Alessandro de' Medici, first Duke of Florence, in 1537. Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici, called "the Elder" and posthumously "Father of the Fatherland", was an Italian banker and politician, the first member of the Medici family which effectively ruled Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. From this base, they acquired political power initially in Florence and later in wider Italy and Europe. Ferdinando's successor, Cosimo II, reigned for less than 12 years. In 1293, the Ordinances of Justice were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the Republic of Florence throughout the Italian Renaissance. Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo Galilei, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. [34], Ferdinando died on 23 May 1670 afflicted by apoplexy and dropsy. 2. fig. What are synonyms for Medici? Due to his illness, he mostly stayed at home bedridden, and therefore did little to further the Medici control of Florence while in power. Only Great Britain and the Dutch Republic gave any credence to it, and the plan ultimately died with Cosimo III in 1723.[41]. De’ Medici zijn oorspronkelijk afkomstig uit Mugello, een dal in de buurt van Florence.Een oude legende vertelt dat Karel de Grote bij zijn terugkeer uit Rome in het jaar 800 door dit dal reed, toen hij plotseling werd aangevallen door barbaren. So, another fanciful story depicts the balls as pills or cupping glasses (a late-medieval medical instrument used to draw blood). He groomed the headstrong Piero II to follow as his successor in civil leadership; Giovanni[18] (future Pope Leo X) was placed in the church at an early age; and his daughter Maddalena was provided with a sumptuous dowry to make a politically advantageous marriage to a son of Pope Innocent VIII that cemented the alliance between the Medici and the Roman branches of the Cybo and Altoviti families. Antonyms for Medici. Medici (TV Series 2016–2019) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Ferdinando, although no longer a cardinal, exercised much influence at successive conclaves. Gian Gastone revelled in upsetting her. Galileo named the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children he tutored, although the names Galileo used are not the names currently used. The main challengers to the Albizzi family were the Medici, first under Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, later under his son Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici and great-grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici. I have decided, with your approval, to sail for Naples immediately, believing that as I am the person against whom the activities of our enemies are chiefly directed, I may, perhaps, by delivering myself into their hands, be the means of restoring peace to our fellow-citizens. [67][68] The number of balls also varied with time, as shown below. De motivatie voor het oprichten van de vereniging was tweeledig: ^ Luisa Greco (22 May 2015). The Medici became leaders of Christendom through their two famous 16th century popes, Leo X and Clement VII. Eldest son of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Cosimo and Lorenzo de' Medici were notable rulers and patrons of the arts in Florence; the family also provided four popes (including Leo X ) and two queens of France (Catherine de' Medici and Marie de Médicis ). He is most remembered as the patron of astronomer Galileo Galilei, whose 1610 treatise, Sidereus Nuncius, was dedicated to him. [38] Cosimo frequently paid the Holy Roman Emperor, his nominal feudal overlord, exorbitant dues,[39] and he sent munitions to the emperor during the Battle of Vienna. Some examples of these families include the Bardi, Altoviti, Ridolfi, Cavalcanti and the Tornabuoni. Ferdinando died in 1609, leaving an affluent realm; his inaction in international affairs, however, would have long-reaching consequences down the line. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or) was granted by Louis XI in 1465. Golden Tulip de' Medici biedt kamers met airconditioning, een zithoek en een flatscreen-tv. Although he never held any political office, he gained strong popular support for the family through his support for the introduction of a proportional system of taxation. Following the assassination of Duke Alessandro, power passed to the "junior" Medici branch — those descended from Lorenzo the Elder, the youngest son of Giovanni di Bicci, starting with his great-great-grandson Cosimo I "the Great." [31], Grand Duke Ferdinado was obsessed with new technology, and had a variety of hygrometers, barometers, thermometers, and telescopes installed in the Palazzo Pitti. At least half, probably more, of Florence's people were employed by the Medici and their foundational branches in business. Acting, Distant cousin of Alessandro de' Medici, Son of. Synonyms for Medici in Free Thesaurus. The bed, often smelling of faeces, was occasionally cleaned by Violante. Overthrown when. The first grand duke of the new dynasty, Francis I, was a great-great-great-grandson of Francesco I de' Medici, thus he continued the Medicean Dynasty on the throne of Tuscany through the female line. the Medici – aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century 1. The line of the Princes of Ottajano, an extant branch of the House of Medici who were eligible to inherit the grand duchy of Tuscany when the last male of the senior branch died in 1737, could have carried on as Medici sovereigns but for the intervention of Europe's major powers, which allocated the sovereignty of Florence elsewhere. [45] In January 1737, the Spanish troops withdrew from Tuscany, and were replaced by Austrians. Cosimo de Medici finds himself at the helm of his banking dynasty when his … As an Italian vocabulary word, "medici" means "medical doctors". Second son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. When Lorenzo died in 1492, however, his son Piero proved quite incapable of responding successfully to challenges caused by the French invasion of Italy in 1492, and within two years, he and his supporters were forced into exile and replaced with a republican government. He died the same month, but his successor, Pope Paul V, was also pro-Medici. ^ a b Hibbert, p. 60. Cosimo de' Medici de Oude (Florence, 27 september 1389 - Careggi (Florence), 1 augustus 1464) was een zoon van bankier Giovanni di Bicci en een telg uit het roemruchte geslacht de' Medici.Hij was de eerste van zijn familie die de facto over Florence zou heersen als Heer van Florence Like other families ruling in Italian signorie, the Medici dominated their city's government, were able to bring Florence under their family's power, and created an environment in which art and humanism flourished. Medici is the plural of medico, meaning "medical doctor". Eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Medici: Medici; English. This led to the transfer of Medici blood, through Catherine's daughters, to the royal family of Spain through Elisabeth of Valois, and the House of Lorraine through Claude of Valois. The table below shows the origins of the Medici: This extract shows the branch that gave rise to the celebrated branch of the Medici descending from Giovanni "di Bicci", who founded the Medici fortunes: This is the branch of Cosimo's brother, Lorenzo, called the "Popolano" Branch, which gave rise to the Grand-Dukes of Tuscany: The origin of the Medici coat of arms is not recorded. Piero was later responsible for the expulsion of the Medici from 1494 to 1512. Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; Florence's legislative councils at times resisted his proposals throughout his life, and he was viewed as first among equals, … Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and commissioned Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, in 1419. [54] Eleanor of Toledo, a princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased the Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550. Medici family, Italian bourgeois family that ruled Florence and, later, Tuscany during most of the period from 1434 to 1737, except for two brief intervals. In addition to commissions for art and architecture, the Medici were prolific collectors and today their acquisitions form the core of the Uffizi museum in Florence. 1 word related to Medici: house. Detailed Synonyms for Medici in English. They were generous patrons of the arts who commissioned masterpieces such as Raphael's Transfiguration and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment; however, their reigns coincided with troubles for the Vatican, including Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation and the infamous sack of Rome in 1527. Elected to the Papacy, becoming Pope Leo X. With this intention I now go. [32] In 1657, Leopoldo de' Medici, the Grand Duke's youngest brother, established the Accademia del Cimento, organized to attract scientists to Florence from all over Tuscany for mutual study. Cousin of Cardinal Ippolito de' Medici, illegitimate son of Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino or Pope Clement VII. [36] At the time of his death, the population of the grand duchy was 730,594; the streets were lined with grass and the buildings on the verge of collapse in Pisa.[37]. The Medicis' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence, the Arte della Lana. Medici: Medici [the ~] noun. The extinction of the main Medici dynasty and the accession in 1737 of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine and husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, led to Tuscany's temporary inclusion in the territories of the Austrian crown. The House of Medici (Italian: [ˈmɛːditʃi] MED-ee-chee) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century. He commanded the draining of the Tuscan marshlands, built a road network in southern Tuscany and cultivated trade in Livorno. However, several extant branches of the House of Medici currently continue to exist, including the Princes of Ottajano, the Medici Tornaquinci,[51] and the Verona Medici Counts of Caprara and Gavardo. Ferdinando eagerly assumed the government of Tuscany. [15], Three successive generations of the Medici — Cosimo, Piero, and Lorenzo — ruled over Florence through the greater part of the 15th century. They clearly dominated Florentine representative government without abolishing it altogether. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. In 15th-century Renaissance Florence, the visionary Medici dynasty flexes its power in politics and the arts, risking its rivals' lethal opposition. One unproven story traces their ancestry to a knight of Charlemagne's, Averardo, who defeated a giant, Mugello. It has also been argued that these coins referenced the three coins or golden balls associated with St. Nicholas, particularly as the saint was invoked by Italian bankers as they took oaths. Cosimo (the "Elder" not to be confused with Cosimo I) and his father started the Medici foundations in banking and manufacturing – including a form of franchises. The grand duchy witnessed degrees of economic growth under the early grand dukes, but was bankrupt by the time of Cosimo III de' Medici (r. 1670–1723). Vi fandt 74 synonymer for medicin.Se nedenfor hvad medicin betyder og hvordan det bruges på dansk. The family's influence grew with its patronage of wealth, art, and culture. Geschiedenis en oprichting: In oktober 2017 is de Vereniging Medici van de Antillen, oftewel de Asosiashon Mediko di Antias (AMA) in het leven geroepen. They and other families of Italy inspired the Italian Renaissance, such as the Visconti and Sforza in Milan, the Este in Ferrara, the Borgia in Rome, and the Gonzaga in Mantua. Nephew of Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, son of Piero the Unfortunate. A political family drama set in Florence in the early fifteenth century. The electress donated much of her fortune to charity: £4,000 a month. All Free. Pius II granted the Medici family a monopoly on the mining there, making them the primary producers of alum in Europe.[20]. [8] The dynasty began with the founding of the Medici Bank in Florence in 1397. Pope Leo X would chiefly commission works from Raphael, whereas Pope Clement VII commissioned Michelangelo to paint the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel just before the pontiff's death in 1534. In 1736, following the War of the Polish Succession, Don Carlos was disbarred from Tuscany, and Francis III of Lorraine was made heir in his stead. [9] Until the late 14th century, the leading family of Florence was the House of Albizzi. 1. dottore, sanitario, specialista. In 1605, Ferdinando succeeded in getting his candidate, Alessandro de' Medici, elected Pope Leo XI. Gian Gastone died on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Eldest son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, Anna Maria Luisa's spouse, successfully requisitioned the dignity Royal Highness for the Grand Duke and his family in 1691, despite the fact that they had no claim to any kingdom. Members of the family rose to some prominence in the early 14th century in the wool trade, especially with France and Spain. Tenmidden ligt Golden Tulip Hotel De'Medici, op enkele minuten wandelafstand van de grote markt met het beroemde Belfort. The Medici family came from the agricultural Mugello region[6] north of Florence, and they are first mentioned in a document of 1230. The Medici family was connected to most other elite families of the time through marriages of convenience, partnerships, or employment, so the family had a central position in the social network: several families had systematic access to the rest of the elite families only through the Medici, perhaps similar to banking relationships. The conspiracy involved the Pazzi and Salviati families, both rival banking families seeking to end the influence of the Medici, as well as the priest presiding over the church services, the Archbishop of Pisa, and even Pope Sixtus IV to a degree. As a consequence, the grand duchy expired and the territory became a secundogeniture of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. In 1626, they banned any Tuscan subject from being educated outside the Grand Duchy, a law later overturned, but resurrected by Maria Maddalena's grandson, Cosimo III. To ensure the continuance of his family's success, Lorenzo planned his children's future careers for them. On 4 April 1718, Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic (also later, Austria) selected Don Carlos of Spain, the elder child of Elisabeth Farnese and Philip V of Spain, as the Tuscan heir. The Medici became the city's leading family, a position they would hold for the next three centuries. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360–1429), son of Averardo de' Medici (1320–1363), increased the wealth of the family through his creation of the Medici Bank, and became one of the richest men in the city of Florence. Anna Maria Luisa signed the Patto di Famiglia ("family pact") on 31 October 1737. In 1535, Ippolito Cardinal de' Medici died under mysterious circumstances. Leo X's fun-loving pontificate bankrupted Vatican coffers and accrued massive debts. From the time of Clement's election as pope in 1523 until the sack of Rome, Florence was governed by the young Ippolito de' Medici (future cardinal and vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church), Alessandro de' Medici (future duke of Florence), and their guardians. Before the Medicis, the Turks were the only exporters of alum, so Europe was forced to buy from them until the discovery in Tolfa. An exceedingly discontented pairing, this union produced three children, notably Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine, and the last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany, Gian Gastone de' Medici. Ultimately, it reached its zenith in the papacy and continued to flourish for centuries afterward as Dukes of Florence and Tuscany. Ferdinando also sponsored a Tuscan expedition to the New World with the intention of establishing a Tuscan colony, an enterprise that brought no result for permanent colonial acquisitions. Duchess Violante of Bavaria, Gian Gastone's sister-in-law, tried to withdraw the grand duke from the sphere of influence of the Ruspanti by organising banquets. Created by Nicholas Meyer, Frank Spotnitz. After this, Lorenzo adopted his brother's illegitimate son Giulio de' Medici (1478–1535), the future Pope Clement VII. Upon Vittoria's death in 1694, her allodial possessions, the Duchies of Rovere and Montefeltro, passed to her younger son. The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church—Pope Leo X (1513–1521), Pope Clement VII (1523–1534), Pope Pius IV (1559–1565)[4] and Pope Leo XI (1605)—and two queens of France—Catherine de' Medici (1547–1589) and Marie de' Medici (1600–1630). Brother of Piero the Unfortunate, second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. His conduct at the banquets was less than regal; he often vomited repeatedly into his napkin, belched, and regaled those present with socially inappropriate jokes. Lexico's first Word of the Year! Does English Have More Words Than Any Other Language? They were also protagonists of the counter-reformation, from the beginning of the reformation through the Council of Trent and the French wars of religion. The Spanish reaction was to construct a citadel on their portion of the island of Elba. The conspirators approached Sixtus IV in the hopes of gaining his approval, as he and the Medici had a long rivalry themselves, but the pope gave no official sanction to the plan. In architecture, the Medici were responsible for some notable features of Florence, including the Uffizi Gallery, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, the Medici Chapel and the Palazzo Medici.[53]. They were among the earliest businesses to use the general ledger system of accounting through the development of the double-entry bookkeeping system for tracking credits and debits. The Medici Bank, from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494, was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe, and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time. The restoration of the republic would entail resigning Siena to the Holy Roman Empire, but, regardless, it was vehemently endorsed by his government. [43] On 25 October, 1731, a Spanish detachment occupied Florence on behalf of Don Carlos, who disembarked in Tuscany in December of the same year. Op deze manier wordt de warmte en authenticiteit van een natuursteen vloer optimaal toegepast voor de inrichting van moderne villa's of landhuizen Ferdinando's marriage to Vittoria della Rovere produced two children: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro. [33], Tuscany participated in the Wars of Castro (the last time Medicean Tuscany proper was involved in a conflict) and inflicted a defeat on the forces of Pope Urban VIII in 1643. Francesco married Johanna of Austria, and with his consort produced Eleonora de' Medici, Duchess of Mantua, and Marie de' Medici, Queen of France and Navarre. But in 1298, one of the leading banking families of Europe, the Bonsignoris, went bankrupt, and the city of Siena lost its status as the banking center of Italy to Florence. From Leo's election as pope in 1513 to his death in 1521, Florence was overseen, in turn, by Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Giulio de' Medici, the latter of whom became Pope Clement VII. [14] Involvement in another plot in 1400 caused all branches of the family to be banned from Florentine politics for twenty years, with the exception of two. Hij was een zoon van Piero de' Medici, 'de Jichtige' en vader van Piero de' Medici; zijn moeder was Lucrezia Tornabuoni. ";s:7:"keyword";s:18:"sinonimo di medici";s:5:"links";s:1089:"<a href="http://sljco.it/foxfire-story-nnvwxm/i-puffi-quarta-stagione-d48c39">I Puffi Quarta Stagione</a>,
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