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</html>";s:4:"text";s:36797:"2014 (O.D.)) The first mughal emperor Babur kept a poor opinion about the people and art of India but he did built many buildings in Agra, Sikri, Biyana and Dholpur and he also built mosques at Panipat and Sambhal. <a href="https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/gess104.pdf"><span class="result__type">PDF</span> The Mughal Empire</a> Mughal art and architecture: Achievements under Akbar. Brief notes on Administrative System during the Mughal Period. On the other hand, the Mughals were Fig. <a href="https://generalstudies4u.com/literature-during-the-mughal-period/">Literature During the Mughal Period - GENERALSTUDIES4U</a> State Consolidation: c. 1450 - c. 1750. The detailed, step-by-step solutions will help you understand the concepts better and clear your confusions . The period witnessed outburst of many-side cultural activities, of which, very significant strides were made in the development of literature. ADVERTISEMENTS: Golden Period of Architecture: Although all the Mughal rulers except Aurangzeb took great interest in architecture, yet Shah Jahan surpasses all in the field of architecture. b) Identify ONE way in which the image reflects the relations between the Mughal Empire and other . It helped the Mughal state to extract taxes and revenues in cash. The Disintegration of Mughal Paintings. It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors. <a href="https://www.shaalaa.com/question-bank-solutions/write-short-notes-mughal-literature-art-architecture-literature_171323">Write short notes Mughal literature - History | Shaalaa.com</a> This school of painting developed as result of happy blending of Persian and Indian painting. This architectural wonder of the world was a monument to enormous wealth of the Mughal state and displayed the power of the emperor. (C.B.S.E. 0.6 29. Prominent Painters During the Mughal Period. The traditions in the fields of architecture, painting, literature, and music, which had been created during the Mughal period set a norm and deeply influenced the succeeding generations. With the rise of the Mughal Empire, miniature paintings started growing on a level unknown before. The art of painting received encouragement during the period of Akbar. Regarding autobiographies the memorials of Babar and Jahangir to works of Jauhar and Gulbadan Begam contain valuable information about the Mughals. The Mughal school of painting reached its zenith under Jahangir who was a famous painter. Because of having wonderful cultural development, the Mughal period can be called as the second classical age after the Gupta age (of northern India). Mughal painting. Influences on Mughal Painting The Mughal style of miniature painting was responsible for the amalgamation of indigenous themes and styles along with Persian and later European themes and styles. Topic: Indian Culture will cover the salient aspects of Art forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Akbar had many scholars under his patronage and wrote interesting and important books. Born as Mehrunnisa in 1577A.D. Ms E-14, from a Moraqqa (gouache on paper), Indian School, (17th century) / Institute of . Elucidate with suitable examples. Click here for answer. The Timurid king of India was a fountain of literature and greatly encouraged the development of its various branches. taxes increased substantially between 1450-1550. Mansabdari was the administrative system implemented by Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1571. It was un-islamic yet liberal interpretation of islam allows it. * Explain the limitations on state revenue in the period from 1450-1550, and how states tried to overcome those limitations. Every painting project involved many artists and each one had a specific role to play. Painting activity in Mughal cultures was the most visible and tangible sign of dynastic power, wealth and prestige. [ [223]] IT WAS the normal policy of the Timurid rulers, both in their original Central Asian homelands and in India . Q. 2 A miniatur e painting (dated 1702-1712) of T imur , his descendants and the Mughal emper ors. African states shared certain characteristics with larger Eurasian empires. The austere Alamgir was disinterested and possibly even hostile to the extraordinary arts created under his predecessors' patronage. However, their buildings could not be exact copies of these buildings. a) Identify ONE specific way in which the portrayal of the figures in the image reflects the political message presented in the painting. Scholars. The figure represents the god Shiva in the form of the warrior Virabhadra. Class 12 History Notes Chapter 9 Kings and Chronicles The Mughal Courts. Mughal paintings emerged from Persian miniature painting and developed in the court of the Mughal Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries. Explain how rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power in land-based empires from 1450 to 1750. Land Revenue System under Mughal The Village Community during the Rule of Mughal Emperors. To understand the system of administration during the Mughal period, it is essential to keep in mind the nature of the Muslim religion. He also discouraged music and dance. Political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. Two artists had accompanied Humayun from Iran. During this time, the arts prospered and in 1631 construction began on the Taj Mahal. Scholar paintings were typically done in ____ ink on paper. The Ottoman Empire (1453 - 1923) consolidated power as a centralized absolute monarchy led by sultans. b) Identify ONE way in which the image reflects the relations between the Mughal Empire and other states during the period circa 1550-1650. Click hereto get an answer to your question 4. Set in a garden at Delhi, it has an intricate ground plan with . Foremost factor was the background provided by Sufi and Bhakti saints who preached in local languages. During this period, miniature paintings often portrayed religious themes. Because of having wonderful cultural development, the Mughal period can be called as the second classical age after the Gupta age (of northern India). Question 2. During his period miniature paintings were lively and realistic and even contain of individual portraiture. British involvement in India began in the 18th century, during which time they established art schools to promote European styles. Historical works such as Akbar Nama also remained the main themes of Mughal paintings; Mughal paintings reached its climax during the reign of Jahangir. Source 1. A mixture of Indian (Hindu) and Iranian (Muslim) Style: The Sultans of Delhi wanted to construct their buildings on the pattern of Iran and Central Asia. Contribution of Mughals in the field of painting Both Babar and Humayun were art-loving. Another important text is 'Tarikh-i-Rashidi' by Mirza Hyder written during the period of Humayun. Literature During the Mughal Period. They had to employ Indian craftsmen who had their own . Characteristics of the Architecture During the Sultanate Period. The mughal art and architecture was an amalgamation of Indian, Persian, Central Asian and European skills and designs. The traditions in the fields of architecture, painting, literature, and music, which had been created during the Mughal period set a norm and deeply influenced the succeeding generations. When Nur Jahan married Jahangir, she was thirty-four years old. (250 words) Class XI NCERT Medieval India Why this question: The question is about discussing the prevalent Continue reading "1) The art . During the period of Chola dynasty many magnificent and beautiful temples were built which are famous even today. The Mughal Emperors attained great power in India from 1526 to 1757. In the early years of Akbar's reign, Bairam Khan abused his rights as a lawyer. It generally remained confined to miniatures either as book illustrations (narrative painting) or as single works to be kept in albums (album painting). Describe and apprrciate the Mughal Architecture and Painting. monochrome/monochromatic. Elucidate with suitable examples. However, during Babur's time, instead of the term of Mansabdar, the term Wajahdar was used. During the Yuan dynasty there was a split between the ____ and the government. In fact, there are various types of sources such as autobiographies, court chronicles, historical works, and the accounts of the foreign travelers. The Cholas gained control over South India by over throwing the . Answer: 2 question Explain briefly how the gardens, fountains, and baths built during the Mughal period were a sign of public health and cleanliness - the answers to estudyassistant.com Or, The ornaments, footwear, head-wear and dresses of Mughal period. Explain the social Relationship in the Mughal period. 4. Source 2. Explain continuity and change within the various belief systems during the period from 1450 to 1750. As the sources of income of the provincial rulers were not as extensive as those of the Sultans of Delhi Sultanate, architecture progressed very much in comparison to fine arts. The Mughal, Mogul, or Moghul Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. part2_17. Therefore Akbar established Dewan-e-Vajrat-i-Aul, a new post for the 8th year of his reign after the fall of Bairam Khan. Question 2: This question addresses state expansion and consolidation during the period 1450 C.E. The peak of Mughal painting presented a Nur Jahan. Farukh Baigh, Aqua Raja, Ustad Mansur were main painters in Jahangir's studio. Jahan ruled during the commercial boom of the Mughal Empire and was flush with silver from the New World used to purchase tons of Indian pepper. Report an issue. Mughal painting, Mughal also spelled Mogul, style of painting, confined mainly to book illustration and the production of individual miniatures, that evolved in India during the reigns of the Mughal emperors (16th-18th century). These paintings evolved during the rule of various Mughal Emperors in India. During the Mughal period, the art of music seems to have received royal patronage. At that time 'Ratal' was the unit to weigh things. [UPSC, 2020, 15 Marks] Click here for answer. 1) The art of storytelling through paintings reached its zenith during Mughal Period in India. briefly explain the decline of these overland trade routes after 1450 C.E. Explain the effects of the development of state power from 1450 to 1750. In its initial phases it showed some indebtedness to the afavid school of Persian painting but rapidly moved away from Persian ideals. Economic condition during the Mughal period: The economic condition during the Mughal period is well described in Abul Fazal's book. Mughal school of painting A particular style of painting called Mughal school of painting emerged. He appointed skilled painters in his court. Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol. Sample Paper 2011) Or Explain the origin, consolidation and the role of zamindars in the villages. R: The art of this period reflect a synthesis of foreign influences. Hindu popular devotion to the gods, especially to Shiva and his family, may . A: Haji Madani, belongs to Shah Jahan period. Describe the dresses of Mughal era. Indian Painting may be generally divided in to three great religious divisions- Buddhist [Fig1], Hindu [Fig2], and Islamic [Fig3]. While a few of them worked on the composition, the next set of artists would take care of the actual painting, and the last set of artists would concentrate on the minute details of the art. His autobiography known as 'Baburnama' is well known. Indian Economy under Mughals: Before the advent of the British, Indian economy was in a state of equilibrium, though at a low level. . Analyse the role of zamindars during the Mughal period. During the Mughal period (1526-1857) the Mughal emperor was considered the 'fountain of justice'. B Legal System under The Mughal Administration. Explain system of education and literature of Bangal in the Mughal period. Thanks to Akbar's love for art, Indian miniature paintings combined elements of Persian style of painting, to give rise to the Mughal style of painting. Explain the social Relationship in the Mughal period. Mughal Art and Architecture: Features; Architectural Development; Mughal Paintings. Painting sought whole-hearted encouragement during the Mughal period. Or Explain why the Zamindars were central to the agrarian relations in the Mughal period. He constructed the Taj Mahal in memory of his favorite wife. State tax revenue was devoured by the military forces. Art Studio established by Akbar. They lived surrounded by incredible opulence, created magnificent Architecture and developed Arts and Culture. Explain system of education and literature of Bangal in the Mughal period. During the period of Akbar and Jahangir, the art of ivory carving received royal patronage. The Mughal emperors were Muslims and they are credited with consolidating Islam in South Asia, and spreading Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. State rivalries: Safavid-Mughal conflict; Songhai Empire's conflict with Morocco; Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Describe the Qing Dynasty (use SPICE-T characteristics): Balbharati solutions for History 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board chapter 15 (India during Mughal period) include all questions with solution and detail explanation. ADVERTISEMENTS: The period of Shah Jahan (1627-1658) witnessed a glorious [] Some of them- such as Hyderabad in the south, was located in an area that had harboured Babur himself knew Persian and Turkish languages. Travelers. Painters were both Hindu-Muslims as well as lower caste hindus. With reference to the influence of Christianity during the Mughal questions: tianity during the Mughal period, answer the following (a) Explain the role played by St. Francis Xavier in spreading a by St. Francis Xavier in spreading Christianity in India. Thus, the Mughal Style of Painting clearly reflects growth of new culture traditions based on changing lifestyles of people and ruling classes. Explain the role of Zamindars in Mughal India during 16th-17th centuries. These texts clearly depicted the policies of Mughal Empire which they sought to impose on their domain. His autobiography known as 'Baburnama' is well known. The principles of Mughal government, their policies, and . Mughal School The Mughal School of miniature painting reached its zenith under Akbar and Jehangir. After the victory of Babur in the war of Panipat in 1526, the Mughal dynasty was established. Image Source: Dope Wope. Babur was the founder of Mughal Empire. He treated all his subjects alike and opened a large number of schools and colleges for Muslims as well as for Hindus throughout his empire. Akbar got many Sanskrit texts translated in Persian which include . Madhvacharya, a contemporary of Akbar, a Bengali poet of Triveni and author of Chadi-Mangal, praises . It is thought that the decline of Mughal paintings resulted from Aurangzeb's curtailing of state expenditure on the arts. Babur himself knew Persian and Turkish languages. (HOTS; All India 2016, 2014, 2013) Answer: The zamindars in the Mughal period were the class of those people who lived off agriculture but did not take part directly in the processes of agricultural production. 1. 30 seconds. Describe and apprrciate the Mughal Architecture and Painting. Islamic Art in the Post Mughal Period traces the art and the Mughal architecture during the later Mughals is one of a dwindling and pathetic story of culmination and massive downfall and curtain call to one of the most influencing and powerful and respected dynasty in world history, Indeed, as is known from historical records, Mughal Empire, grounded in India by Babur in 1526 A.D., had reached . Analyse religion in the Mughal age. Mughal paintings became the symbol of new Mughal royalty, grandeur and their political power as well as their authority. He composed poems and valued the work of men of letters. Analyse religion in the Mughal age. She was the lady of exquisite aesthetic sense. The emperor created a separate department of justice (Mahakuma-e-Adalat) to regulate and see that justice was administered properly. He also employed a large number of Hindu painters like Daswant and Basawan Lal. Its dancer figures originate in Indian sculpture, while the riders on elephants were a symbol of regal status everywhere. The etched designs on the marble walls of mosques, tombs, and palaces are evidence of the highly advanced styles of art and architecture. XVII. in Kandhar, she first gained the title of Nur Mahal later Nur Jahan (Light of the world) when she married Emperor Jahangir. The former possessed a library of 24000 Manuscripts, many of which were illustrated through paintings. Also Read: Development of Mughal Painting. In this article, we will discuss the art and architecture during the Mughal Period. Q. Delineate the development of the Mughal painting during the reign of Jahangir. The rule of Mughal Dynasty from the 16th to 18th century extensively displays art forms, architectural . naries in . * Trade and Industry * == * Urban Life * == * Rural Conditions * == * Health and Medical Facilities * == * Social Customs * == * The Position of the Hindus *. Q. The garments of Mughal ladies were made of the finest Read More Babur was a refined scholar and well-versed in Arabic, Persian and Turki. Mughal Costume: The ladies and gents of the Mughal empire wore beautiful and expensive clothes made from the finest materials and adorned themselves with jewellery from head to toe. The credit for the development of Mughal painting goes to Akbar and Jahangir. Describe the dressing pattern and food habit of Bengla in the Mugal period. Land was the most important source of national income, the vast majority of population being dependent on agriculture. This will clear students doubts about any question and improve application skills while preparing for board exams. He employed a number of painters like Abul Hasan, Bishan Das, Madhu, Anant, Manohar, Govardhan and Ustad Mansur; Music had also developed under the Mughals. The important courts functioning during this period were as . education - education - The Mughal period: The credit for organizing education on a systematic basis goes to Akbar (1542-1605), a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I of England and undoubtedly the greatest of Mughal emperors. A new era began in the field of art and architecture. (C.B.S.E . Rulers used public displays of art and architecture to legitimize state power. Q. For some two centuries, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan plateau in south India. Describe the dressing pattern and food habit of Bengla in the Mugal period. The Hindu painting is referred to as Rajput, as it is connected with Rajputana and the Hill Rajput of the Punjab; whilst the Islamic art is referred to as Mughal, as it owed its existence to the support it had from that dynasty. Mughal Literature Answer: During the Mughal period, excellent literature was created in the Persian language. 1) The art of storytelling through paintings reached its zenith during Mughal Period in India. By the 16th century, Islam gained importance under the Mughal Empire and art production grew under Islamic rulers. During the Mughal period excellent literature was created in Persian language. The Mughal paintings originated from the Persian styles of . After the victory of Babur in the war of Panipat in 1526, the Mughal dynasty was established. this is an important topic for UPSC and State PCS exams. 0.6 28. Question 16. Akbar institutionalized and reformed it on the basis of military and civil administration. Consequently, there was a fusion of Persian and Indian styles (of painting) during his period. The arts of this period reflect a synthesis of foreign influences and indigenous flavour. It emerged from Persian miniature painting (itself partly of Chinese origin) and developed in the court of the Mughal Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries. due to, for example, the growing volume of maritime trade facilitated by European traders and joint-stock companies that used American silver to purchase Asian goods. The Mughal Empire has intrigued Europeans for centuries and the huge attendance at the British Library's splendid Exhibition shows how it still holds our interest. (C.B.S.E. Changes in African and global trading patterns strengthened some West and Central African states especially on the coast; this led to the rise of new states and contributed to the decline . The Mughal painting evolved from the Persian school of miniature painting with Hindu, Buddhist and Jain influences. As the empire grew more powerful, sultans began to remove themselves from the daily business of running an empire the vizier in control of the bureaucracy developed more power than the sultan. During Mughal period, the Mughal Prime Minister was called to be called a lawyer. ' Were they an exploitative class ? R: Sub school of ^Krishna on swing _ painting is Bikaner. 1. The view that many significant characteristics of the administrative structure under the Mughals were taken directly from the administrative system of the Sultanate and Sher shah get strength from some quite transparent evidences such as the Mughals introduced suba in place of Sher shah's pargana; the term suggest the meaning of 'a group of villages.' Explain how social categories, roles, and practices have been maintained or have changed over time. The Mughal period marks a new era in the literary history of India. Economic and Social Developments under the Mughals. There were several factors responsible for the development of literature during the Mughal period. Make an estimate of the development of paintings under Mughal rulers with special reference to colours, technique, themes and influences on them. There is no doubt that architecture reached the pinnacle of its glory during the period of Shah Jahan. After Akbar his son Jahangir became the emperor. ANSWER: The diplomatic gift-giving practices between Europe and Mughal India to understand the worthiness of giving and the symbolic power of the given objects. Built by Prince Dara Shikhoh, the son of Shah Jahan, Pari Mahal is a perfect example of Islamic traditional architecture and patronage of art during the reign of the Mughal Empire. The European influence on Indian painting too was noticed. The bodhisattva known as Guanyin or in India as Avalokiteshvara, is the protector of sea ____, and was especially popular in China. There is no scarcity of material sources of Mughal History. In architecture the first great Mughal monument was the mausoleum to Humayun, erected during the reign of Akbar (1556-1605). 1 Ratal was equal to one score. The tomb, which was built in the 1560s, was designed by a Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas. The garden that surrounds the magnificent Pari Mahal is exceptionally well-maintained and is a treat to the eyes especially for nature lovers. Islam aimed at the realization in practice of a society where only laws of God prevailed. In his time Mughal paintings achieved its Zenith, both as decorative art and the nature study. His personal achievement was Tuzuk-i-Baburi, his memoirs, which was written in Turki but later on translated into several languages. Most of the present Southern states were united as one state and was ruled by the Cholas between 907-1215 AD Chola Dynasty is famous for its art and architecture. Rise Of Regional Powers After Decline of Mughals The states that arose in India during the phase of Mughal decline and the following century (roughly 1700 to 1850) varied greatly in terms of resources, longevity, and essential character. (b) Explain the role of Christian missionaries in promoting language, India. A: ^Krishna on swing ^painting was painted by Nuruddin. A Mughal painting depicting a Mughal official (the kneeling figure holding a piece of paper near the center of the image) and his companions meeting a group of Hindu holy men ( sadhus ), circa 1635 C.E. Under the patronage of Mughals, the architecture became more grandiose while retaining its elegance. (Today, 1 score = 20 kg) Villages were self-reliant and so villagers produced almost all the necessities they required. Painted portraits of Akbar showing despotism. Fine arts were patronized by the provincial rulers. All fine arts, viz, painting, music and dance are denounced in Islam but architecture progressed during this period. a) Identify ONE specific way in which the portrayal of the figures in the image reflects the political message presented in the painting. Topic: Indian Culture will cover the salient aspects of Art forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. There are miniature paintings of Persian style in the manuscript of 'Baburnama'. The rule of Mughal Dynasty from the 16th to 18th century extensively displays art forms, architectural . The officers who joined the Mughal Administration were known as Mansabdars. The chief sources of imperial or central revenue system under mughal included land revenue - the most important source of State income as it had been in the past-, mint, customs, inheritance, plunder and indemnities, presents (gift), monopolies and the poll-tax. The Mughal paintings originated from the Persian styles of painting. This evolved into Rajput painting and the subsequent fusion of the Indian and Persian styles in Mughal art. A: Mughal style was responsible for the amalgamation of indigenous themes. (250 words) Class XI NCERT Medieval India Why this question: The question is about discussing the prevalent Continue reading "1) The art . to . Chronicles of the Mughal Emperor provides us valuable informations about the institution of Mughal state. This was because Genghis Khan's memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people. While the taste of the Mughal court generally dominated the arts of the Mughal period, Hindu art by no means disappeared. The Ain-i-Akbari shows the importance the art had attained during this period. 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