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</html>";s:4:"text";s:27919:"People with disabilities and older people are often left behind during attacks and find themselves at much greater risk of starvation or abuse. Most of the 713,000 Azandes in South Sudan live in Western Equatoria, and they are the country's third largest ethnic group. The betrothal period continues until full payment is made, typically settled in sheep, goats, spears, or hoes.[22]. read more . South Sudan has been struggling to recover from five years of war that killed almost 400,000 people, according to a past study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. South Sudan is located in East- Central Africa, and it borders a total of six countries. By other estimates, there are at least 80 ethnic groups in South Sudan differentiated by various languages and dialects. It is estimated that in 2013 there are under 60,000 Acholi in South Sudan, and 1.6 million in Uganda.[15]. After the Sudan region was invaded in 1820 by Muḥammad ʿAlī, viceroy of Egypt under the Ottoman Empire, the southern Sudan was plundered for slaves. At the heart of the country is a clay plain, the centre of which is occupied by an enormous swampy region known as Al-Sudd (the Sudd). From 1983 to 2005, he led the … The Didinga practice traditional beliefs and religious practices, including having a tribal Rainmaker who is entrusted with performing certain rituals to bring rain. [6] If this estimate is correct, the size of the South Sudanese population is about 9.28 million. The Imatong Mountains contain Mount Kinyeti (elevation 10,456 feet [3,187 metres]), the highest point in South Sudan. The Azande are primarily small-scale farmers, historically supplying much of the grain for South Sudan. In 2011, it is estimated that more than 80% of the South Sudanese population cannot read or write. Insecurity and lack of access have left some 100,000 people facing starvation in parts of South Sudan, and famine was declared on 20 February. By the end of the 19th century the Sudan was under British-Egyptian rule. … Most Shilluks have converted to Christianity. South Sudan: Record number of people face severe hunger. Today, most ethnic groups still embrace a cattle culture in which livestock is the main measure of wealth and used for bride wealth. [15], In order to maintain ethnic harmony in a part of the world in which tribal conflict is relatively commonplace, one group has proposed the creation of a "House of Nationalities" to represent all 62 recognised groups in Juba. [16] President Salva Kiir Mayardit declared at the ceremony marking South Sudanese independence on 9 July 2011 that the country "should have a new beginning of tolerance where cultural and ethnic diversity will be a source of pride".[17]. The Bari number about 475,000 and are the country's 4th largest ethnic group.[15]. Under this system herders had fairly open access to grazing land for short periods of time, providing farmers with manure and milk, while the farmers provided fodder for the animals, providing a mutually beneficial arrangement. Tennet people practice Swidden agriculture and are part of the cow culture, which are the main measure of wealth and are used for Bride wealth, and they also hunt, fish, and raise goats and sheep. [4] Many Southern Sudanese were also said to not have been counted "due to bad weather, really poor communication and transport networks, and some areas were unreachable, while many Southern Sudanese remained in exile in neighbouring countries, leading to 'unacceptable results', according [to] southern Sudanese authorities. The Tennet people occupy a region in the western part of Eastern Equatoria and speak the Tennet language. In 1983 a member of the Dinka group, John Garang de Mabior founded the Sudan People’s Liberation Army, which led to the Second Sudanese Civil War. The people of South Sudan put their trust in President Salva Kiir and former armed opposition leader Riek Machar to lead during this transition period, “but now they are failing us,” said the government’s acting deputy director in the area, Kueth Gach Monydhot. In recent times, the Lotuho and their neighbors the Lopit have been in conflict with the Murle people, who have traditionally raided their cattle and abducted their children. Share if you support this lyrics for Peace form youths of South Sudan South Sudan News The new and independent country of the Republic of South Sudan. This river system runs from south to north across the entire length of the east-central part of the country. Today, the region consists of the South Sudan states Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Lakes, and Warrap, with significant presence in the historic provence of Greater Upper Nile's states of Jonglei, Upper Nile, and Unity. Fifty-six per cent of the beneficiaries are women and girls. In April, 10 aid workers were abducted for five days In Yei, in the former Central Equatoria state. By the end of the 19th century the Sudan was under British-Egyptian rule. Their religion is based on nature and ancestor worship. Because of this, British energies in the north were free to be directed toward modernization efforts, whereas in the south they were more focused on simply maintaining order, leading to a dichotomy of development between north and south that continued for several decades. Likewise, according to the Federal Research Division of the US Library of Congress: "in the early 1990s possibly no more than 10% of southern Sudan's population was Christian". The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook[12] unless otherwise indicated. The challenges are particularly severe when it comes to girls; South Sudan has proportionately fewer girls going to school than any other country in the world. Tennet communities are governed by the ruling age set, called the Machigi lo̱o̱c. On the Uganda border there are massive ranges with peaks rising to more than 10,000 feet (3,000 metres). Because of the poverty in the area, the easiest way to secure a bride is to steal cows from other tribes. [34] The Pew Research Center likewise suggests that around 60% of the South Sudanese population are Christian, with around 33% following 'folk religions'. Processes of urbanization are a source of significant cultural change and societal conflict. The Toposa have a population of about 207,000 in South Sudan, representing its 6th or 7th largest ethnic group. The South Sudan Humanitarian Fund (SSHF) has allocated US$36 million under the second standard allocation of the year, targeting an estimated 1.3 million people. The U.N. Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan … South Sudan in Focus More Than 80 People Killed in West Darfur Attack . The Baggara are Arab tribes, numbering over 1 million, living primarily in Chad and the Sudan's Darfur region (mainly Fur, Nuba and Fallata), but also extend (migrate) to South Sudan and surrounding areas. [23], The Acholi were originally from the Bahr el Ghazal region, but migrated south, to the area of Uganda during the late 17th century, creating Acholiland, and are one of Uganda's major ethnic groups. Significantly, it also granted southern Sudan semiautonomous status and stipulated that a referendum on independence for the region would be held in six years. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [39], In 1899 the British established a Condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom to control of the area, called Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. This conflict has forced millions to flee and left millions more displaced inside the country. 56 talking about this. Certain areas are fallow (for up to 10 years in the mountains) and other areas open to cultivation (for up to 4 years in the plains), with fallow areas being used for grazing livestock. Today, most ethnic groups still embrace a cattle culture in which livestock is the main measure of wealth and used for bride wealth. There are two contrasting upland areas. Dinka is a standard language in South Sudan; however, its dialects are not all mutually intelligible. madi people (south sudan and uganda), wood engraving, published 1891 - south sudan people stock illustrations Rebel soldier poses with his gun in Touch Riak, Leer county, on March 7 where famine has been declared since February 2017. JUBA, South Sudan (AP) — One county in South Sudan is likely in famine and tens of thousands of people in five other counties are on the brink of starvation, according to a new report by international food security experts.. Coauthor of. [15] There is no clear political organization among the Toposa, although respect is paid to elders, chiefs and wise men. By the mid 1800s, the Ottomans and Arabs raided the Shilluks for cattle and slaves. Historically, the Bari have defended their land from the Dinka, Azande, as well as Ottoman slave traders. The Azande are sometimes pejoratively known as Niam-Niam (or Nyam-Nyam), which appears to be of Dinka origin, and means great eaters in the Dinka language, supposedly referring to cannibalistic propensities. South Sudan is bounded on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; and on the west by the Central African Republic. The SPLA later became the army of South Sudan. The Lotuho people (part of the (para) Nilotic group), are primarily a pastoral people numbering over 207,000 (representing its 6th or 7th largest ethnic group[15]) located in Eastern Equatoria. The Bari people (part of the (para) Nilotic group) occupy the savanna lands of the White Nile Valley and speak the Bari language. Makuei says state gov’ts, national legislature to be formed next week. Nearly one million people in South Sudan have been displaced or isolated by months of flooding, which The Associated Press noted this week is the worst in recent memory. Members of the Machigi Lo̱o̱c are young men who are old enough to participate in warfare (cattle raiding and defense of the village). With a population in South Sudan of just over 381,000, the Shilluk represent the country's 5th largest ethnic group.[15]. Historically, most ethnic groups were lacking in formal Western political institutions, with land held by the community and elders acting as problem solvers and adjudicators. [36] The UN does not have any official figures on ethnicity and religion outside National Census figures. More than 30,000 people in South Sudan are likely to be in famine, while tens of thousands more are on the brink of starvation, international food security experts say. The administrative authority lies with the Paramount chiefs, chiefs, sub-chiefs, head men who adjudicate minor cases of elopement and adultery. “These land grabs by the government were also the reasons why so many farmers and pastoralists [herders] that saw their land assimilated into mechanized farming schemes, or simply registered in someone else’s name, joined the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) in the late 1980s”[41], It is arguable that in any culture of tribes and clans that are pastoral, nomadic herders, especially those following the cow culture (where marriage dowries of live cattle and sheep are required), the change from pastoral/nomadic to urban cultures is problematic. Some may not be viable and/or have incorrect Progress Scale values, population, language and religion information. Unfortunately, only two years later, in 2013, conflict broke out in the new country, leading to a complex and dangerous situation of armed conflict, economic decline, disease and hunger. The White Nile (Baḥr Al-Abyaḍ) enters the country as the Mountain Nile (Baḥr Al-Jabal) from the south through rapids at Nimule on the Uganda border. Rising food insecurity pushing people into famine conditions in South Sudan, warns IRC Format News and Press Release Source. [37] Dowry is handed over when betrothed are of marrying age, followed by a Christian wedding. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (, World Christian Encyclopedia, eds. Historically, the Shilluk people (part of the Nilotic group) created the Shilluk Kingdom which existed in Southern Sudan from 1490 to 1865. The Nuer tended to resist the Arab and Turkish, which led to conflict with the Dinka, who supported the British. Omissions? The total number of South Sudanese refugees has now passed 2 million, it is the largest refugee crisis in Africa, and the third largest in the world, after Syria and Afghanistan. If a killing took place, negotiations for blood money were led by the victim's family, followed by rituals of reconciliation to restore the killer to the community and bring peace between the clans. As of July 2015, there are 1.6 million internally displaced people, 607,608 recorded South Sudanese refugees in neighboring countries and 4.6 million people severely food insecure in South Sudan. Some scholarly[27][28][29] and U.S. Department of State sources state that a majority of southern Sudanese maintain African Traditional Religion beliefs with those following Christianity in a minority (albeit an influential one). In the world’s youngest country, skin whitening and the issue of colourism is linked to a complex history. South Sudan was settled by many of its current ethnic groups during the 15th–19th centuries. The Nilotic peoples constitute the bulk of the population of South Sudan, with at least 25 ethnic subdivisions, including Dinka, Nuer, Toposa, and the Shilluk, extending into southwestern Ethiopia, northeastern Uganda, western Kenya, and northern Tanzania. [15] Elders and witches often act as trouble fixers. [15] The Luo seem to be one of the few ethnic groups embracing the concept of individual ownership of property, having a very complex system for inheritance based on the seniority of sons. [35] These figures are also disputed as the Pew Research Center on Religion and Public Life report cites 'The United Nations provided the Pew Forum with special estimates for Sudan and the new nation of South Sudan'. [33] Likewise, according to the World Christian Encyclopedia, the Catholic Church is the largest single Christian body in Sudan since 1995, with 2.7 million Catholics mainly concentrated in South Sudan. A little farther north along its course, the White Nile receives much of its water from the right-bank Sobat River, which flows from the Ethiopian Plateau to join the Nile near Malakal. Kenya’s Kakuma refugee camp and its expansion site, Kalobeyei settlement, host more than 106,000 South Sudanese refugees, one of the largest South Sudanese refugee populations in the world. Although the north accepted British rule relatively quickly, there was greater resistance in the south. [7], In 2009, Sudan started a new Southern Sudanese census ahead of the 2011 independence referendum, which is said to also include the Southern Sudanese diaspora. Only one schoolchild in four is a girl and female illiteracy is the highest in the world. South Sudan: Rising food insecurity can push over 7 million people into hunger "Amongst the 7 million people going hungry, 1.7 million people are estimated to be battling emergency levels of hunger across 35 counties, with areas of greatest concern concentrated in Jonglei, Unity, Lakes, Warrap, and Upper Nile.” However this initiative was criticised as it was to leave out countries with a high share of the Southern Sudanese diaspora, and rather count countries where the diaspora share was low.[8]. It is common to conduct cattle raids against neighbors. JUBA, South Sudan (AP) — One county in South Sudan is likely in famine and tens of thousands of people in five other counties are on the brink of starvation, according to a new report by international food security experts.. The primary language at all levels is English, as compared to the Republic of Sudan, where the language of instruction is Arabic. Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in South Sudan include both Nilotic and non-Nilotic. Their king was considered divine, and is now a traditional chieftain within the governments of both Sudan and the South Sudan state of Upper Nile. [25] The Azande also appear to be one of a few groups of people in South Sudan that do not embrace the cow culture, requiring dowries of cows for marriage. "[3] The census showed the Southern Sudan population to be 8.26 million,[4] however President Kiir had "suspected figures were being deflated in some regions and inflated in others, and that made the final tally 'unacceptable'. Média dans la catégorie « People of South Sudan » Cette catégorie comprend 75 fichiers, dont les 75 ci-dessous. South Sudan’s vast plains and plateaus are drained by the Nile River and its tributaries. A new legal system was established that replaced the tribal system with an ethnic or religious one. Although land could not be bought, it could be borrowed. South Sudan has experienced several cholera outbreaks since gaining independence in July 2011. Broere, Kees. Originally embracing the cattle culture, during the civil wars of the 1960s many migrated to Uganda where they were exposed to farming and their children exposed to education. Kony's movement has not maintained the traditions of the Acholi people.[24]. The translation of their Arabic name is "Cowman." The latter group included the majority of southern Sudan’s population, many of whom were already up in arms over fears that the south would be further marginalized by the northern-based government; those fears led to a lengthy civil war (1955–72). On Sunday evening, the Central Committee of Sudanese Doctors reported 83 deaths and more than 160 injured people, but Douma expects the death toll to climb. Speaking at Saint Theresa Cathedral in Juba, South Sudanese President Kiir, a Roman Catholic who has a Muslim son, stated that South Sudan would be a nation which respects the freedom of religion. A group of people decide they will make gardens in a certain place, and the group decide the boundaries of each person's garden. January 19, 2021. The Acholi people (part of the Nilotic group) occupy a region in the western part of Eastern Equatoria and speak the Acholi language. John Garang de Mabior was a Sudanese politician and leader. Some tribes, such as the Dinka have at least 6 different groupings speaking different dialects typically based on geography. [38], Historically, the people of the Southern regions of the Sudan were nomadic and land was held by the tribe as communal land. As is true with most of the surrounding countries, the tribe or clan is the primary local social unit, with tribal regions crossing several political boundaries. Since the tradition of land ownership in these pastoral cultures is of large tracts of land (a "dar") held in common by the tribe (or clan), the imposition of new property laws designed for individual ownership of land for either urban uses or farming is challenging to the existing society. Education is a priority for the South Sudanese and they are keen to make efforts to improve the education system. Many of the Bari were forced into slavery by Belgians, and used as porters to carry ivory tusks to the Atlantic Coast. 8 talking about this. The clays of Al-Sudd were deposited in the area of impeded drainage. South Sudan costs $700 per month to live and work remotely. The Toposa believe in a supreme being and in ancestral spirits. South Sudan People's Parliament is the forum where South Sudanese Youth view out their grievances to the government. Illiteracy rates are high in the country. The indigenous languages with the most speakers are Dinka, Shilluk, Nuer, Bari, and Zande. More than 60 percent of the population face critical lack of food despite signing of peace deal between warring sides. The Dinka people are the largest group in South Sudan, representing 35.8% of the population in 2013[21] (depending on the source, between 1 and 4 million people) and live primarily in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan's historic provence of Bahr el Ghazal. The population count was a determining factor for the share of wealth and power each part of Sudan received. Numerous discussions, cease-fires, and agreements between southern leaders and their northern counterparts occurred but yielded very little success until the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which ended warfare and generated an outline of new measures to share power, distribute wealth, and provide security in Sudan. The region was one of the scenes of fighting in the First Sudanese Civil War. South Sudan cost of living, internet speed, weather and other metrics as a place to work remotely for digital nomads. The Ottomans imposed a legal system that sought to maintain nomadic legal rights by transferring title of commonly held community tribal land to the government, and establishing Usufruct rights of nomadic herders and farmers. S. Sudan’s Makuei says county’s money being diverted to Kenya, Uganda, urges youth to join private sector. The Baggara of Darfur and Kordofan were the backbone of the Mahdist revolt against Turko-Egyptian rule in Sudan in the 1880s. South Sudan: Rising food insecurity can push over 7 million people into hunger "Amongst the 7 million people going hungry, 1.7 million people are estimated to be battling emergency levels of hunger across 35 counties, with areas of greatest concern concentrated in Jonglei, Unity, Lakes, Warrap, and Upper Nile.” Prior to 2011, South Sudan was part of Sudan, its neighbour to the north. Linguistic diversity is much greater in the southern half of the country, a significant majority of the people belong to either the Dinka people (63.8%) of the South Sudan population, and primary residents of the historic Upper Nile Region and Bahr el Ghazal Region or the Nuer people (10.6%) of the South Sudan population living primarily in the historic Greater Upper Nile region along with a significant number of Dinka. 2017 marked the fourth year of South Sudan's civil war, which saw a severe deterioration of humanitarian conditions across the country. South Sudan was settled by many of its current ethnic groups during the 15th–19th centuries. Some tribes have clans whose chiefs are the custodian of commonly held land, and a few tribes recognize individual ownership of land with complex inheritance rules among male family members. Laws were passed 1944, that gave farmers superior rights over herders in land disputes. It also would have drained the swamplands of the Sudd for agricultural use. Kurian, Todd Johnson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp 699, 700, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "South Sudan parliament throw outs census results", "S. Sudan Census Bureau Releases Official Results Amidst Ongoing Census Controversy", "South Sudanese officials decry 'unfortunate' announcement of census results", "Ethnic Divisions Complicate Sudan's Census", "South Sudan says Northern Sudan's census dishonest", "Sudan needs English to build bridges between North and South", "Severe Challenges Facing Female Education In South Sudan", "The World FactBook - Sao Tome and Principe", "Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Southern Sudan", https://www.devex.com/news/aid-workers-explain-what-is-it-like-to-live-and-work-in-remote-south-sudan-95553, https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/South_Sudan_Jan_2016_english.pdf, https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/foreign-military-activity-increasing-in-the-horn-of-africa/, "Mitigating Land Conflicts in Northern Uganda", "More than 100 dead in south Sudan attack-officials", "Southern Sudan Votes To Split From North", "How many Anglicans are there in the Anglican Church in North America? Most tribes of African heritage have at least one clan that has embraced Islam, and some clans of tribes of Arab heritage have embraced Christianity. South Sudan Very small groups reported, but outside the Joshua Project Small Group Policy . South Sudan experiences a wide variety of environmental problems, including soil degradation due to the widespread deforestation with consequent loss of biodiversity and wildlife habitats, pollution of rivers and the environmental due to oil drilling in the wetlands, over-exploitation of fisheries and conflicts over diminishing resources such as rangelands and water sources for livestock. The humanitarian situation in South Sudan has deteriorated dramatically due to the devastating combination of conflict, economic decline and climatic shocks. The Bari tend to have two weddings, a traditional Bari wedding, typically an arrangement between families, that are sometimes made when the children are as young as 10, includes betrothal and dowry negotiations. Nowhere in the world has been in famine since one was declared nearly four years ago in South Sudan’s Unity state as civil war raged. It is a place where ceremonies and the coronation of each new Shilluk King takes place. Traditionally, there are no formal political institutions. Large tracts of land (a “dar”) belonged to the tribe and the custodian was the tribe’s chief. The majority of the ethnic groups in South Sudan are of African heritage who practice either Christianity or syncretisms of Christian and Traditional African religion. Tribal clashes broke out Monday in Sudan’s South Darfur state, killing at least 47 people, a tribal leader said, shortly after violence in a neighboring st However, during the Madhist revolt between 1885 and 1898, large tracts of land were transferred to supporters of the Mahdi; at the end of the revolt, land reverted to previous owners. The Nuer people (part of the Nilotic group) are the second largest group in South Sudan, representing 15.6% of the population in 2013[21] (or about 1.8 million[15]). Luol Deng is a British professional basketball player who currently plays for the Chicago Bulls of the... John Garang. News Detail. English is the official language. Drainage in the country does not always reach the Nile rivers; the rivers of the southwest, for example, infrequently reach the Baḥr Al-Ghazāl system. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Both peoples speak one of the Nilo-Saharan languages and are closely related linguistically. The Azande live primarily in the Congo, South Sudan and the Central African Republic, and speak the Zande language, a language of the Ubangian language family. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. SOUTH Sudan People's Parliament, Nairobi. [26] Note that other sources give differing figures. The Moru are found primarily in Western Equatoria (numbering over 152,000, the country's 10 largest ethnic group[15]) with smaller numbers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The most widely spoken Ubangian language in South Sudan is Zande. Since October 30, 2010, more than 370,000 Sudanese have returned to South Sudan and the Three Areas—the Abyei Area and Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. Traditionally, the Dinkas believe in one God (Nhialic) who speaks through spirits (jok) that take temporary possession of individuals. 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