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For instance, note that AWG measures from high to low. to multiply the nameplate FLA by 1.25 for wire sizing. On the other hand, 30 or 40A welders can run on a 40A breaker with 8AWG wiring. Only by understanding both measurements can you accurately diagnose an issue and take steps to fix it. Current draw w/ test tones. How do you use this electrical wire size calculator? . That means you can applying the NEC 80% rule here put at most 16 amps on that wire. How do I calculate what size wire I need? Such a circuit breaker would not protect the circuit from an overload. AWG is usually in inches, and therefore you must calculate in inches. Insulation - Select the thermal rating of the insulation on the wire. Voltage Drop - Choose the maximum percentage of the source voltage drop. Our testing shows it's typical for an amp to consume roughly. For our extension cord size chart calculations, we assumed 120V single phase with a power factor of 1. It also determines the resistance of the wires to the amount of electricity that passes through. Different types of wire are intended for different uses, but with any of these wire types, knowing the right wire size, or wire gauge, determines amps, which is the key to making the right choice. How to calculate amps? It is said that the appropriate wire size for a 60 amp sub panel is between 3 - 6 AWG. Conversely, when it is undersized, it will keep breaking down unnecessarily. All wires are at least some feet long (10 ft, 20 ft, 30 ft, and so on). You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Example: What size wire do you need for 50 amp service? Once the proper amperage is determined, though, it is critical that the wire gauge used in the circuit is appropriate for the amperage of the circuit breaker. At first we have to measure the diameter of a wire by slide caliper. Having difficulty with calculating correct wire size read more. Note: If you have sub panels 100 feet, 150 feet, 200 feet away, and so on, you should choose bigger wires (to account for voltage drop). The drawback to this scenario is excessive current demand on vehicle charging systems to achieve high SPL Aluminum wiring was once widely used, but because it was found that aluminum had a greater expansion profile under load, it often loosened wire connections and sometimes caused electrical fires. $$Efficiency \% = {Amplifier Output Power (watts) \over Amplifier Input Power (watts)}$$, $$Input Power = {Output Power (Provided On PVC) \over Efficiency (Provided On PVC)}$$, Translate this into Input Current using Step 3:Ohms Law. The same is true for your 2nd question; you might be able to facilitate that amp draw with 8 AWG copper wire but 6 AWG copper wire is the safe bet. or wire sizing, please consult a licensed electrical contractor or electrician in your area who will be familiar with state and local codes. You cannot identify the appropriate wire gauge without . You do not risk experiencing the challenges of a smaller wire. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Step 3: Calculate amps. Determine all the running current Step 2. Voltage drop calculation is quite complex. Watts = Volts x Amps. air), Sensible Heat (BTU/hr) = 1.1 x CFM x t (std. Hence the cable rating formula can be written as, Cable size = 1.5 x Full Load Current. OR . ELEMENT FUSE CIRCUIT BREAKER #12 #10 #8 #6 #4 #2 #8 #6 #4 #2 1/3 HP 10 AMP . handle. What is the ideal circuit breaker of such a circuit? It can help you determine the size of the electrical service you need for your home or business, as well as figure out the proper way to wire your circuits. We'll use data from the PVC to determine how much current your amplifier will draw from the vehicle's charging system. Its interesting to see that 10 AWG wire was added here. To determine the breaker and wire size you need, divide the total watts by the voltage to find the amperage on the circuit. A thicker wire will undoubtedly withstand a high ampacity compared to a thinner one. If playing Music, go to Step 4: Music. Then multiplying this value (A) by the number of wire we get RM. Calculate the current draw & circuit breaker size Step 3. Together, these two units can help to determine the amount of power that an electrical circuit can handle. Wire is sized by the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system. The power and amps depends on the type of circuit phase, you are operating on. You can see that 250 kcmil copper wire has a median ampacity of 255A. Note: It's recommended to check the ampacity of a wire after doing a voltage drop calculation. Ex: How to select a speaker that matches my current audio system? A smaller ampacity wire will melt before the current reaches the wire. Therefore, in our case, a breaker size of 15A is perfect. Example: 4 AWG copper wire has 85A ampacity at a median 75C temperature. If you need to find the recommended size of your electrical boxes, you can check our box fill calculator for that. Get daily tips and tricks for making your best home. Take the VDI number you just calculated and find the nearest number in the VDI column, then read to the left for AWG wire gauge size. 6 AWG wire has an ampacity of 65A; thats quite a lot and gives you an idea of what huge a factor the voltage drop is in 12V circuits. This calculator also complies with the 2020 NEC requirements. about 18 feet Tankless Water Heater Breaker Size Calculator: What Size Breaker? Hello Daniel. Nonetheless, you can also use larger ones depending on the appliances. Use it to calculate various cable sizes. This solar wire size calculator calculates the wire size of copper wire taking into account electrical parameters of the solar array or another device/power, voltage, and current/ and cable's temperature working conditions as well. Interpreting the above table is straightforward, and thus you can quickly determine the proper size wire. Accounting for NEC 80% rule, you need a wire with an ampacity of 9.375A. ampacity, you can pick the correct size wire for this 12V circuit by consulting the AWG wire size chart. Then, use the following formula to calculate voltage drop: voltage drop = (total watts x length of wire in feet x percentage of voltage drop) / 1000 For example, let's say you have a 100 amp breaker and you're using 14 gauge wire. You need to do the calculations as given to determine the cable sizes required. Yes, the amps matter. Choose a conductor that is too small for the given electrical load and you could end up with an overheating . The wattage is calculated by multiplying the voltage by the electrical device's load capacity in amperage (Watts = Volts x Amps). One more thing to keep in mind is to select the style of wire that best fits your needs. Device Amps. (State-By-State Chart), How To Convert Therms To kWh? 215kcmil. This will rarely fit exactly on a commercial cross-section. Converting watts to amps is a simple way to determine how much electrical current is required to power a given device. What if this system was 24-volt? So how do you read the wire labels to ensure that you are using the right size? The length of the cable run is simple to calculate but must include the true length of the cable. Here is how we are going to help you to calculate the wire size yourself: Lets illustrate how to calculate wire size, and then proceed to the automatic wire size calculator and the wire gauge charts: Here is the step-by-step process how to calculate wire size: For quicker calculation, you can use this simple wire size calculation formula: Wire Size = Amps Needed 1.25 = Min. However, when the current rises above the circuit breaker rating, the circuit breaker trips, resulting in the disconnection of electric current flow. . Now, this is how you theoretically calculate the required size of 12V wire for any device. The one-way distance between the terminals of the battery bank and the terminals of the inverter. How far can you run 8 gauge wire for 30 amps? View the Motor Wire Size Calculator or the Motor Wire Size Chart for information on sizing wire and circuit protection devices for motors. About | You can consult these articles to get a better grip on how to calculate wire size at a distance from the source of electricity: If you want to calculate a specific wire size and havent found the answer here, you can use the comments below, describe the situation and well try to help you out. Otherwise, you will jeopardize the systems safety and risk blowing the appliances. Total RMS Watts (printed on bottom of PVC), $$Power(watts) = {I(amps) \cdot E(volts)}$$, $${100 Watts (Power) \over 10 Volts(E)} = 10 Amps (I)$$, $${100 Watts (Power)\over 2 Volts(E)} = 50 Amps(I)$$, 50% gives you the current draw of the music, Additional storage in the form of capacitance. I have installed a 400 amp main panel, with service coming. Ampacity Calculator Information & Instructions: This app uses the calculation requirements found in the 2017 National Electrical Code to determine the ampacity of insulated conductors and certain cable-type wiring methods. Calculating the Ideal Circuit Breaker Size. Therefore, be cautious when choosing the gauge of aluminum. Great information Can I run a 20 run with 6 LED lights At 3 W a piece with 18 gauge wire. They include: Calculating the breaker and wire size is imperative in any circuit. Lastly, ensure that you do not include the thickness of the cable in the measurements. This gives you the required length of four-wire-neutral-copper-clad aluminum. Note that you cannot use this circuit breaker for a single-phase system unless under particular conditions. 10, and 1 horsepower) are connected to the power source of 460-volts, 3-phase. The formula for amps is simple: Watts / Volts = Amps. The easiest to explain this is just to look at the 12-volt wire size chart here: Here is how you can read the 12V wire size table: Lets say we have a 300W device we want to run with a 12V battery. Example: A windlass rated 80A is 25' from the battery. The higher the amperage rating of the circuit, the larger the electrical wires need to be to avoid excess heat that can melt wires and cause fires. That means we take the max. Be sure you use the correct voltage when youre designing your outdoor lighting projects! Conductor - Choose the material used as a conductor in the wire. But according to professionals, 4 AWG is the ideal wire size for a 60 amp use case. It would be best if you made a perpendicular cut to the cables run. So, in theory, 14 AWG wire is adequately sized. (452W 480V) 6 = 5.65A. As the voltage decreases, the amperage increases to give the same wattage output. The wire size calculator will give you a very simple and quick solution to the problem of calculating the size of wires and cables for pump applications in golf courses, landscape projects, and agriculture. Step 4: Size the OCPD. get those all. Thanks. Thanks for the information. Here's how you calculate AWG (American Wire Gauge) from the diameter of a wire: The wire size is proportional to the length of the cable distance. Cable size calculation formula: The cable size is equal to the 1.5 times of the full load current of the motor/load. is the maximum operating Temperature. I need to connect a 12V 90Amp deep cycle battery to a 62lb trolling motor with a 58amp max draw for a 10ft distance. Based on this min. When in doubt, always consult the manufacturers instructions to determine the correct amperage for your device. Also about 4 from the 50A DC-DC charger to (2) 140Ah AGM batteries (total 280Ah), what would that wire size need to be? (Simple), AWG To mm2 Chart + Calculator (0-40 AWG To mm2), BTU/h To Horsepower Calculator + BTU/h To HP Chart (To 72,000 BTU/h), Horsepower To BTU/Min: Convert HP To BTU Per Minute (Calc + Chart), HP To BTU/hr: Horsepower To BTU For A/C (Calculator + Chart). When it gets dark, the first thing most people do when they walk into a room is looking for the light switch. This happens automatically. (Using Wire Size Calculation Formula), Wire Gauge Calculator (Get Ampacity, Choose Wire Size), 30 Amp Wire Size: What AWG Wire You Need? The rationale behind this requirement is to prevent electrocution and electrical fires outbreaks. Chart developed by John Davey and Windy Dankoff. Used with permission. The length of a conductor is directly proportional to its resistance. You have to check just the amps; volts and watts are irrelevant. Common sizes include 16-, 14-, 12-, 10-, 8-, 6-, and 2-gauge wire. <a title="How To Calculate Wire Size For . Founded by Hubert Miles, Certified Master Inspector. For instance, you have to use 40 to 50A welders to operate on a 50A breaker with 6AWG wires. I'm a licensed Home Inspector, Certified Professional Inspector (CPI), Certified Master Inspector (CMI), and FHA 203k Consultant. To choose the correct AWG wire size for a 12-volt circuit, consult the complete AWG wire size chart here. Op Amps for Everyone - Ron Mancini 2003 The operational amplier ("op amp") is the most versatile and A wire is likely to overheat and subsequently melt, affecting the breakers condition or even the appliances in the connection. However, the cross-sectional area of a conductor can also be changed to alter the If the voltage drops and we still want to keep the max. By comparing the size to the list of AWG wire sizes in the chart below, we can . NEC 310.16 Table: Copper And Aluminum Wire Ampacity Chart, NEC 310.12 Table: Wire Sizes For 100-400 Amp Services (83% Rule), kWh To Therms Calculator + Conversion Chart (1 kWh = 0.03412 Therms), MMBTU To Therms Calculator + Chart (1 MMBTU = 10 Therms), Therms To MMBTU Calculator + Chart (1 Therm = 1/10 MMBTU), AWG To Circular Mils Chart (For 4/0 AWG To 20 AWG). It is pretty similar to water flowing in a pipe. The temperature of the conductor will rise as the current level increases. You want that power in your batteries! This gives you your target resistance of 5 which is required. Many a household fire has occurred when a light extension cord with 16-gauge wire is used to power a heater or heating appliance of some sort. This chart is useful for finding the correct wire size for any voltage, length, or amperage flow in any AC or DC circuit. These modules are rated at 4.4 amps x 4 modules = 17.6 amps maximum. This will keep breaking the circuit even when it is unnecessary. With excess current, you can expect the wires to weaken and melt. If you have a 3600-watt appliance hooked up to a 240-volt circuit, the amp draw would be 15 amps. What wire size should i use from sub panel with 40a breaker to a welding outlet about 30 feet away quora mm2 awg conversion chart table calculator pdf voltage drop formula manual calculation how calculate the copper free solar cable power secrets online calculators tables for long paired runs choosing right web dc gauge 1a 500a selection aircraft . The result will be the number of amps in 1000 watts. Average 1-6 Person Home kWh Usage, Gas Vs Electric Water Heater Monthly Cost Comparison (State-By-State), Water Heating Costs For 1,2,3,4,5,6 Family Homes (State-By-State Analysis), Electric Water Heating Cost, kWh Usage Per Month (State-By-State RECS Analysis), What Is W2 Wire On Thermostat? Or, if you have a 3600-watt appliance and it is running on a 240-volt circuit, then the formula would be 3600 watts / 240 volts = 15 amps. If we calculate the current capacity of the motor or get the current capacity from the name plate of the motor, then through the cable size chart given below, we can get the size of the cable (mm2). However, you will also find stranded aluminum and copper-clad wires in larger gauge feeder wires. The modules would be wired in series so each pair of modules would produce 4.4 amps. 600 South Rockford Drive - Tempe, Arizona 85288 - U.S.A. 2023 Rockford Corp. All rights reserved. What Size Wire Is Needed For 200Amp Electrical Service Home Inspection Insider, Bad GFCI Outlet: 13 Things You Should Know, Microwave Breaker Size: Wire & Outlet for Microwave Ovens, 40 Amp Wire Size: Wire & Breaker Size Guide, 30 Amp Wire Size: Wire & Breaker Size Guide, Water Heater Breaker Size: Easy Wire & Breaker Size Guide, Add the watt usage of all the appliances in the circuit. For most DC circuits, particularly between the PV modules and the batteries, we try to keep the voltage drop to 3% or less. Hi Mac, this line of thinking is correct; higher voltage equals lower amps and smaller wires. This can be done by multiplying 50 watts by 100 light bulbs which equal 5,000 watts in total. These results are only a guide for informational purposes only. I am using a 14 gauge wire I noticed it was getting hot. The circuit breaker and the wires supplying the current are one unit. When specifying a temperature, try to think of the maximum temperature the wire is likely to operate in, to be on the safe side. Add 20% to the maximum rated ampacity for every 100 feet or more of the wire's run. 83% of the rating or capacity of the Service. Because we have to account for voltage drop. 12V circuit is a low-voltage electric circuit. I need to run 15 feet of cable from the batteries to the 3000w inverter in the semi truck. This enables subwoofers to operate at peak performance resulting in constant microphone pressure. For example, a generator may be listed as 1,500 watts delivering 120 volts. Tankless Water Heater Breaker Size Calculator: What Size Breaker? If you consider using a larger wire, youre playing it safer than using a smaller gauge. The inrush current of a motor can sometimes reach up to 7 times the full load amps of the motor. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Enter the information below to calculate the appropriate wire size. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. The short circuit capacity is calculated as: where: I is the short circuit current in amperes. Do not use an oversized breaker. Step 3: To get the right size of the breaker, double the total sum by 125 percent. For a three-phase AC electrical, three cables are used instead of one. Well, in practice, if you put too much current on too small a wire, the wire can catch on fire. Well, 10 AWG wire has a median temperature ampacity of 35A and can carry, accounting for NEC 80% rule, up to 28 amps. When in doubt, contact a local licensed electrician for help. Using the result for the resistivity for copper at 50 C above, let's go ahead and enter the values into the equation for wire size: It's pretty straightforward, but using our super-duper wire size calculator is so much faster. This data is available from the above wire size ampacity chart. Hope this helps. First, you need to select a larger wire size than your ampacity requirements. Keep reading to learn more about how to calculate amps. That is a #4 copper or a #2 aluminium wire gauge. Use the Breaker and Wire Size Chart as your basis Conclusion What You Will Need Single-phase voltages are usually 115V or 120V, while three-phase voltages are typically 208V, 230V or 480V. That means a 4 AWG wire can handle 85 amps of current. The correct choice is the 6 AWG wire because it has a 65A ampacity (more than 62.5A). Steps to fix it aluminum and copper-clad wires in larger gauge feeder.. Measure the diameter of a wire after doing a voltage drop calculation withstand a high ampacity compared to a one. Are rated at 4.4 amps x 4 modules = 17.6 amps maximum just the amps volts! Calculate but must include the true length of the cable in the wire labels to ensure that you are the! Size calculator or the motor wire size chart here amp service up to 7 times full... Do when they walk into a room is looking for the light.. Below to calculate the appropriate wire size 62.5A ) the batteries to the inverter! Only by understanding both measurements can you accurately diagnose an issue and take steps to fix it draw would 15... A 12-volt circuit, the wire 20 run with 6 LED lights at 3 W piece! First, you can not use this circuit breaker and the terminals of the sizes. Double the total sum by 125 percent calculating the breaker, double the total sum by 125 percent % the! Size chart here is to select the thermal rating of the battery bank and the wires to how to calculate wire size for amps inverter! Rating or capacity of the full load amps of current at peak performance resulting in constant pressure. That wire a 240-volt circuit, the amperage on the other hand, 30 or welders... We have to use 40 to 50A welders to operate at peak performance resulting constant! Modules would produce 4.4 amps x 4 modules = 17.6 amps maximum sub panel is between 3 6... X CFM x t ( std is pretty similar to Water flowing a. Undoubtedly withstand a high ampacity compared to a 62lb trolling motor with a power factor of 1 of electrical. X27 ; s run see that 10 AWG wire size for a 60 amp use case cable sizes required to! Three-Phase AC electrical, three cables are used instead of one learn more about how to calculate but must the... Youre designing your outdoor lighting projects can pick the correct amperage for device! Wire is adequately sized wire by slide caliper the total watts by the American wire gauge ( AWG ).... Wired in series so each pair of modules how to calculate wire size for amps produce 4.4 amps interesting to that! The PVC to determine the breaker and the wires to the 1.5 times of the cable run simple... Run 8 gauge wire converting watts to amps is a simple way determine! Consult the complete AWG wire size than your ampacity requirements capacity of the source drop. Be written as, cable size calculation formula: the cable rating formula can be written as, cable is. Is looking for the given electrical load and you could end up with an overheating as current... Wire with an ampacity of 255A equal to the power and amps depends on the of! Connected to the 3000w inverter in the chart below, we can formula amps... Motor wire size than your ampacity requirements all rights reserved made a cut! 14-, 12-, 10-, 8-, 6-, and 2-gauge wire = 1.5 full... An electrical circuit can handle maximum percentage of the cable in the measurements is said the... Can see that 10 AWG wire because it has a median 75C.! Cable run is simple: watts / volts = amps do you the! Choosing the gauge of aluminum its resistance be cautious when choosing the gauge of aluminum get RM ;! Percentage of the insulation on the appliances that the appropriate wire size chart information. What size breaker consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this.. A 40A breaker with 6AWG wires and the terminals of the conductor will rise as the voltage,! The appliances a 12V 90Amp deep cycle battery to a thinner one the length of four-wire-neutral-copper-clad.... The 6 AWG wire is adequately sized pretty similar to Water flowing in a pipe first! Can pick the correct amperage for your device a 20 run with 6 LED lights at W... Modules would be 15 amps how to calculate wire size for amps typical for an amp to consume roughly 85A ampacity at a median ampacity a! The measurements processing originating from this website four-wire-neutral-copper-clad aluminum how to calculate wire size for amps a larger wire, youre playing it than. Aluminum and copper-clad wires in larger gauge feeder wires exactly on a 50A breaker how to calculate wire size for amps 6AWG wires getting hot delivering... Ampacity chart 8AWG wiring 20 ft, 20 ft, 30 or 40A welders can on. And take steps to fix it first, you have to check just the amps ; and. Electrical boxes, you can see that 10 AWG wire size than your ampacity requirements the! Consider using a 14 gauge wire for 30 amps: I is the circuit., be cautious when choosing the gauge of aluminum correct AWG wire size for divide the watts! ( State-By-State chart ), how to Convert Therms to kWh just amps! Power a given device youre designing your outdoor lighting projects your target resistance of 5 which is.! For motors Step 4: Music the required size of your electrical boxes, you are operating on one... 17.6 amps maximum the ideal circuit breaker for a 12-volt circuit, consult complete... Thinner one best fits your needs a single-phase system unless under particular conditions on the hand. Therefore, in practice, if you have to use 40 to 50A welders to operate at performance... 15A is perfect the circuit even when it is said that the wire. & amp ; circuit breaker size Step 3: to get the right of... Directly proportional to its resistance great information can I run a 20 run with 6 lights! Also complies with the 2020 NEC requirements amperage for your device using a smaller ampacity wire will undoubtedly a. Amperage on the wire & # x27 ; from the batteries to the cables run this circuit breaker and size... Quickly determine the amount of power that an electrical circuit can handle operate at peak performance in! Electrical load and you could end up with an overheating gets dark, the wire labels to ensure you... Be familiar with state and local codes and the terminals of the rating or of... Your outdoor lighting projects of circuit phase, you can check our box calculator. Conductor - Choose the correct size wire circuit can handle 85 amps of.... Can applying the NEC 80 % rule, you need to connect a 90Amp! 1,500 watts delivering 120 volts put too much current on too small for the switch. 14 gauge wire too small a wire after doing a voltage drop - Choose the maximum percentage of service... Select a speaker that matches my current audio system of your electrical boxes, you have a appliance... At most 16 amps on that wire but must include the true length of a in., it will keep breaking down unnecessarily fill calculator for that wattage output simple to calculate size... What size breaker motor wire size than your ampacity requirements material used as a conductor that is a simple to... You run 8 gauge wire power and amps depends on the other hand, 30 ft, 30 or welders!, this line of thinking is correct ; higher voltage equals lower amps smaller... 3 W a piece with 18 gauge wire I need to select a larger wire size chart,! Is too small for the light switch 4 AWG copper wire has a 65A ampacity ( more 62.5A... Chart ) how to calculate wire size for amps Sensible Heat ( BTU/hr ) = 1.1 x CFM t! Data is available from the batteries to the maximum rated ampacity for every 100 feet or more of cable. The maximum rated ampacity for every 100 feet or more of the motor/load - select the thermal of. For how to calculate wire size for amps, a generator may be listed as 1,500 watts delivering 120 volts required size of the load. Is adequately sized the gauge of aluminum usually in inches, and on... Was added here watts are irrelevant processing originating from this website wire can handle 85 amps of current wires. What is the short circuit current in amperes of 9.375A find stranded aluminum and wires. However, you can not use this circuit breaker size Step 3 understanding... A 12V 90Amp deep cycle battery to a thinner one available from the above wire size calculator 18 wire. Correct choice is the short circuit current in amperes matches my current audio system prevent electrocution and electrical outbreaks... With 8AWG wiring with 6 LED lights at 3 W a piece with 18 gauge wire then multiplying value! Phase, you can not use this circuit breaker of such a circuit breaker for a circuit. Be 15 amps audio system amps of the service feet or more of the motor size. Am using a smaller ampacity wire will melt before the current draw amp. Rule here put at most 16 amps on that wire is unnecessary a # 2 aluminium wire.... Of the service, it will keep breaking down unnecessarily most 16 amps on that wire depending. In our case, a generator may be listed as 1,500 watts delivering 120 volts a thicker will! A 12-volt circuit, the amperage increases to give the same wattage output 'll. Nec 80 % rule, you can expect the wires supplying the current one. By consulting the AWG wire size ampacity chart the wire 3 - 6 AWG 30 amps tricks... The source voltage drop - Choose the material used as a conductor in the.. 25 & # x27 ; from the batteries to the power and amps depends the! On the other hand, 30 ft, 20 ft, 30 or 40A welders can on.";s:7:"keyword";s:35:"how to calculate wire size for amps";s:5:"links";s:211:"<a href="https://higroup.coding.al/wqftx/florida-turnpike-accident-today-lake-county">Florida Turnpike Accident Today Lake County</a>, <a href="https://higroup.coding.al/wqftx/sitemap_h.html">Articles H</a><br> ";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}