Current File : /var/www/html/higroup/v2n24/cache/be5127d2358cb56e10651f5638dd0976
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:46130:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C700%2C900%7CPoppins%3A400%2C700%2C900" rel="stylesheet"><script type="text/javascript">
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<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 .07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-widget-styles-pro-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules/elements/assets/css/widget-styles-pro.css?ver=1.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="sweetalert2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=8.17.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-general-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-smallscreen-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration-smallscreen.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 768px)">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-my-account-layout-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/my-account-layout.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="dashicons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-skeleton-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-skeleton.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-tooltip-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/tooltip.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-full-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-full.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tickets-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-rsvp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="wp-block-library-theme-inline-css" type="text/css">
#start-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-code{font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;color:#1e1e1e;padding:.8em 1em;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-pullquote{border-top:4px solid;border-bottom:4px solid;margin-bottom:1.75em;color:currentColor}.wp-block-pullquote__citation,.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer{color:currentColor;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;position:relative;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-group.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table thead{border-bottom:3px solid}.wp-block-table tfoot{border-top:3px solid}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{padding:.5em;border:1px solid;word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_frontend-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/frontend.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_print-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/print.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="theme-my-login-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/theme-my-login/assets/styles/theme-my-login.min.css?ver=7.1.3" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-icons-ekiticons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementskit-parallax-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/css/style.css?ver=1.5.9" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-rsvp-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tpp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tpp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fonts-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300%2C400%2C500%2C600%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRoboto%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRubik%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CArchivo%3A400%2C500%2C600%2C700&ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="bootstrap-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fontawesome-min-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="select2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/select2.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-image-choose-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/image-choose-control.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-icon-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/iconfont.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="xs-grid-line-animation-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/grid-line-parallax.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-blog-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/blog.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-master-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/master.css?ver=1641050289" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="evenex-master-inline-css" type="text/css">
h1{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:36px;
}
h2,
.post .entry-header .entry-title,
.search .page .entry-header .entry-title{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:30px;
}
h3{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:24px;
}
h4{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:18px;
}
h5{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:16px;
}
h6{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:14px;
}
body{
background:#ffffff;
font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;color:#666666;line-height:1.625;font-size:16px;
}
.logo-area .site-title a , .logo-area .site-desc{
color:#ec962d;
}
.post .entry-header .entry-title a:hover,
.sidebar ul li a:hover, .xs-footer-section ul li a:hover,
.post-meta a:hover,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav li a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.sticky.post .meta-featured-post,
.widget-title:before,
.xs-custom-widget > h5:before,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::before ,
.owl-next, .owl-prev,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav>li.active>a:before,
.main-slider .owl-prev.disabled,
.owl-dots:before,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active:before,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span,
.ts-footer .widget-title:before,
.main-slider .owl-next:hover, .main-slider .owl-prev:hover,
.sidebar .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn, .xs-footer-section .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn,
.xs-search-group .search-button,
.banner-solid,
.pagination li.active a,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link,
.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background),
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,
.back_to_top > a,
.post .meta-featured-post::after {
background:#ec962d;
}
.post .meta-featured-post::before {
border-top-color: #ec962d;
border-left-color: #ec962d;
border-right-color: #ec962d;
}
.xs-search-group .search-button:hover,
.pagination li.active a:hover,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover {
background:#ff7c49;
}
.header-btn {
background: linear-gradient(90deg,#ec962d 0,#ff7c49 100%);
}
.header-btn::before {
box-shadow: 0 15px 25px 0 #ec962d;
}
.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.breadcrumb>li a:hover {
color: #ff7c49;
}
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.dropdown-item.active,
.dropdown-item:active,
.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu li:hover>a,
.xs-recent-post-widget .widget-post .entry-title>a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span{
border-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::after{
border-left-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border{
border-bottom-color: #ec962d;
}
.topbar .top-nav li a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-author a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-reply-link:hover,
.post-title a:hover,
.copyright-area a:hover,
.ts-footer .widget ul li a:hover,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active .tab-head>span.tab-text-title,
.social-links li a:hover,
.comment-author cite a:hover {
color:#ec962d;
}
.xs-footer-section{
background-color: #FFF;
}
.btn-primary {
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ec962d 0, #ff7c49 100%);
}
.sidebar .widget .widget-title:before {
background: #ec962d;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-widget-styles-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-responsive-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-before.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.1" id="underscore-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-after.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/wp-util.js?ver=5.8.2" id="wp-util-not-in-footer-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/js/jarallax.js?ver=1.5.9" id="jarallax-js"></script>
<meta name="et-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="et-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/tickets/v1/"><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/">
<script type="text/javascript">
var elementskit_module_parallax_url = "https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/"
</script>
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cropped-Bag-page-001-270x270.jpg">
<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
.xs-price::before {
background: linear-gradient(to left,#FF924B 0,#F25022 100%);
} </style>
</head>
<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-9047 single-format-standard pmpro-body-has-access user-registration-page tribe-no-js check sidebar-active elementor-default elementor-kit-8181">
<header id="header" class="header header-classic header-main ">
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg">
<a class="logo" href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 0 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 0 }}<img class="img-fluid" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/New-Project-4.png" alt="MixieSocialHub">
</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler p-0 border-0" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#primary-nav" aria-controls="primary-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div id="primary-nav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"><ul id="main-menu" class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li id="menu-item-8650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-8650 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 1 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 1 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8928 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 2 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 2 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8500 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 3 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 3 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8219 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 4 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 4 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8169 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 5 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 5 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8170 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 6 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 6 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8168 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 7 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 7 }}</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div><!-- container end-->
</header>
<section class="xs-banner banner-single banner-bg" style="background-image: url(https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/images/banner/bg_banner.png)">
<div class="container">
<div class="d-flex align-items-center banner-area">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<h1 class="xs-jumbotron-title" style="color: #ffffff">{{ keyword }}</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><div id="main-content" class="main-container blog-single sidebar-active" role="main">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 col-md-12 mx-auto">
<article id="post-9047" class="post-content post-single post-9047 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry pmpro-has-access">
<div class="post-body clearfix">
<!-- Article header -->
<header class="entry-header clearfix">
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-meta-date">
<i class="far fa-clock"></i>
January 1, 2022</span><span class="meta-categories post-cat">
<i class="far fa-folder-open"></i>
Uncategorized
</span> <span class="post-comment"><i class="far fa-comment-alt"></i><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 8 }}" class="comments-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 8 }}</a></span>
</div>
</header><!-- header end -->
<!-- Article content -->
<div class="entry-content clearfix">
<p>{{ text }}</p>
<p>{{ links }}</p>
</div> <!-- end entry-content -->
<span class="single_post_hr_line"></span>
<div class="post-footer clearfix">
</div> <!-- .entry-footer -->
</div> <!-- end post-body -->
</article>
<nav class="post-navigation clearfix">
<div class="post-previous">
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<h3>{{ keyword }}</h3>
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<h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">{{ keyword }}<small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 10 }}" style="display:none;">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 10 }}</a></small></h3></div><!-- #respond -->
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<ul>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 11 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 11 }}</a></li> <li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 12 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 12 }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 13 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 13 }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 14 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 14 }}</a></li>
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</html>";s:4:"text";s:28528:"<a href="https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-and-urbanization/">Urbanization and Obesity | Obesity Prevention Source ...</a> Give each student a copy of "Brazilian Urbanization" (Handout 1A). Latin America, while still comparatively young, is aging fast. 1. In Latin America and the Caribbean today a child's parents' socio-economic status still has a significant impact on a child's future. Urban and rural population of the w orld, 1950 - 2050(Source: U NDESA, 2014) ABSTRACT Urbanisation is a growing challenge in the world today with every society battling with its consequences. There are several ways that urban food environments, built environments, and technology advancements lead to poorer diets and less physical activity. This paper focuses primarily on urbanization, the causes and ways forward. In the U.S., the war on drugs has failed to reduce the harms of drugs - while causing the systematic over-criminalization and mass incarceration of Latinxs. Demographic urbanization—understood as the percentage of population living in urban centers, categorized according to national censuses—was a process initiated at the turn of the century by foreign immigration in the Southern Cone and southern Brazil , followed by rural-urban migration since the . Income and wealth disparities in Latin America are higher than in Asia and in most industrial nations, a condition that many economists attribute to factors developed during the region's history of Portuguese and Spanish rule. III. Large scale movement of people from rural to urban areas causes overcrowding in cities and puts heavy pressure on resources. <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40568250">Urbanization in the Caribbean - JSTOR</a> America. In addition, while only three of the world's largest cities with five million or more people were in developing countries, eight of the 10 largest cities and 15 of the 20 The Cultural Cold War. In 2017, almost 37 million Latin Americans (one in seven global migrants) lived outside of their native countries. Globalization, Urbanization, and the State: Selected Studies on Contemporary Latin America examines how the political economy of Latin American states is affected by larger global processes as well as smaller, urban ones. The urbanization of the United States has progressed throughout its entire history.Over the last two centuries, the United States of America has been transformed from a predominantly rural, agricultural nation into an urbanized, industrial one. 2. Half of the migrants living in Argentina, around one million people . In this regard, this work aims to offer a fresh overview of the current problems of urban informality in the Latin American and Caribbean region (LAC) while exploring potential relationships between informal settlements and national policies on urban development and disaster risk reduction, particularly on how risk governance and . having to do with city life. Despite the low level of urbanization recorded in Haiti, Port-au-Prince dominates the urban hierarchy and contains 60 per cent of the population living in towns with more than 2500 inhabitants. AIR POLLUTION. Urban areas are very developed, meaning there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. For example, Mexico's population numbers almost 100 million, of which three . Urbanization has slowed down in some geographic re-gions The speed of urbanization decreased in recent decades in Northern Africa, Western Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. Urbanization is likely to be one of the defining phenomena of the 21st Century for Latin America as well as the rest of the developing world. Data from 1990 to the early 2000s show a consistent proportion of urban income poor in Latin America of more than one-third of the total urban population, with a tendency to increase after 2000. Photograph by Irving Underhill. It is projected to reach 466 million . This was largely due to the Industrial Revolution in the United States (and parts of Western Europe) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and the . A key aspect of informality is the lack of de jure or formal title, although many urban residents feel secure with de facto property rights of ownership based on customary practices. • In 2011, Northern America had the highest level of urbanization (82.2 percent), followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (79.1 percent). process in which there is an increase in the number of people living and working in a city or metropolitan area. You can view more similar questions or ask a new question. III have resulted in an unprecedent population explosion. Using the table (Handout 1C) & map (Handout 1D), have students map the top 10 urban areas of Brazil on their outline map (Handout 1A). The results of this project will serve as a reference to inform future policies and interventions to make cities healthier, more equitable and environmentally sustainable throughout the world. Confidentiality . Residents in informal The unprecedented acceleration poses indeed huge challenges in terms of sustainable urban development. share of urban development in large Latin American cities, ranging from one-tenth to one-third of urban residences. What causes urbanization in Latin America? Piña W. Urbanization: concepts, trends and analysis in three Latin-American cities Miscellanea Geographica -Regional Studies on Development Vol 18, No. Question 2. Evolution of rural poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean (1980-2016) Table 3. Answer these discussion questions: Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Researchers at the Urban Institute collected approximately 1,000 documents published between 2000 and 2016, identified through archival searches of academic sources and from Today, urban poverty incidence, at 28 percent, is half that of in rural areas; extreme poverty, at 12 percent, is a third. Definition of Terms Urban area- is the region surrounding a city. Namely, piped water is accessible to 80% of urban regions, whereby data reveals that countries with higher income levels have better infrastructure for pipeage and sanitation systems (Schady, 2015). In particular, in a climate of increasing economic globalization and much growth in the urban informal sector it Demographic urbanization—understood as the percentage of population living in urban centers, categorized according to national censuses—was a process initiated at the turn of the century by foreign immigration in the Southern Cone and southern Brazil , followed by rural-urban migration since the . Why is the South Texas plains region of Texas an area rich in Tejano culture A. its border with Mexico . [Library of Congress]Outside North America, people don't head downtown. Throughout the nineteenth century, a variety of factors — intense military conflicts and regional wars, trends in urbanization — altered mortality and morbidity patterns for Afro-Latin Americans. Policymakers will need to ensure adequate benefits for the rising share of older people—notably their social acceptability—by supporting formal employment and gradually reforming pension and . I have delayed the process of urbanization. Conditions of extreme hypercephalism typify Jamaica where 70 per cent of the population of the ten largest After 60 years of chaotic but rapid urban development, four-fifths of its population now live in towns or cities, a prey to all the ills of . Answer these discussion questions: The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. Already some 93 . The percentage of people in Latin America and the Caribbean with direct access to water has increased from 33 percent of the population in 1960 to 85 percent by 2000. Poor medical care, poor education, low paying jobs, and ownership of the land by a few rich people. In: United Nations Secretariat. In Africa and This figure is projected to increase to 75 percent by 2050, at a growing rate of 65 million urban dwellers annually. The major factors of that favoured Urbanization after the industrial revolution, include,. Latin America's Slums and TB. Discuss basic causes of urbanization (see "Causes of Urbanization" - Handout 1B). The drug war fuels racial profiling, violence against immigrants, intrusive government surveillance, and militarization of local law enforcement and our international borders. Almost ¾ of residents of Latin America live in urban areas. It is projected to reach 466 million . The management of urbanization is the key issue for overall balance. The world as a whole became more urban than rural sometime in 2007, a demographic change that was driven by rapid urbanization in the developing countries. extremely important to the economy of Latin America Rio Bravo located along the border of Mexico and Texas overpopulation the main cause of pollution problems in urban areas has been agriculture the economy of Latin America relies heavily on this economic sector Portuguese people settles the region The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) highlights the "major role" of Latin America's female urban migrants in "reducing rural poverty by sending money back to their home villages." 24 Our research finds that population aging is challenging the fiscal sustainability of public pension and health care systems in the region. The total urban population increased by > 400 percent, from 68 million inhabit-ants in 1950 to 343 million by 1990. Figures for 1975 show that whereas unemployment as a whole in the developing countries was 5% of the total labour force, rural unemployment was 3.6% and in the towns 8% of the potential workforce was jobless. The Latin America social hierarchy was based on social stratification which was widely used in Latin America for social control. Urbanization has been one of the most striking developments of the 20th century. 3, 2014. For urbanization to be a net positive for Latin America—and for the world to learn from the region's experiences—policy formulation must take into account the following: Economic Opportunity. In the slums of Latin America, 117 million people live in poverty. Urbanization is transforming the world. Urban lifestyles, which tend to be consumptive, requiring great natural resources and generating increasing amounts of waste also lead to increased levels of air, water and soil pollution. You will pass through several steps of protection to be ensured that the payment was safe. What causes urbanization in Latin America? Basically, migrating from a rural area of a country to an urban area in that same country is what is referred to as rural-urban migration or urbanization. Your privacy will not be spoiled by any 3-rd party. The rest of this paper is devoted to presenting three sets of reasons why these concepts do not necessarily help explain the nexus between urban development and carbon emissions in Latin American cities. Latin America is no longer a largely rural region. The term is intentionally comparative and has been used to differentiate between developed and developing countries. The lack of space for housing and the rising off and cost lead to the formation of slums. then summarizes both the extent and effects of inadequate housing in Latin America and the Caribbean. More High-Calorie Foods Also called suburban sprawl. VI survive mostly from the informal economy. In Latin America this research has shown that 1) the fertility of migrants tends to be intermediate between that of rural and urban populations, and 2) migrants tend to suffer higher rates of mortality and morbidity, at least initially, than long-term urban residents. One of the principal reasons for this is their massive infrastructure gaps. 3. With the urban population still growing (and at a significantly faster rate than the rural population) during the 1990s, the absolute number of urban . According to the 2017 Drivers of Migration and Urbanization in Africa report by the United Nations, more than half of the global population now lives in urban areas. The dramatic increase in urban concentration began approximately in the 1930s. Many emigrated to the United States and Europe, while others decided to set up roots in neighboring countries. Mostly, all parental participants highlighted socialisation/culture as the main cause of child labour, while also pointing to other causes such as poverty and lack of mechanisation. South America now is one of the most urbanized regions in the world, following the industrially advanced . Patrick Iber examines the Cold War through a different lens in his impressive book Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America.Drawing on a vast array of primary and secondary sources from Latin American countries and the United States, Iber analyzes how leftist cultural icons, artists, and intellectuals struggled to advance their vision of a more . This still leaves 77 million people without a water connection in their homes - 51 million rural residents and 26 million urban ones. Latinx people have a huge stake in fixing our disastrous drug . While London was the first and only megacity of 10 million people around 1900, the list expanded to over 20 in 2005. . Half of the global population already lives in cities, and by 2050 two-thirds of the world's people are expected to . Towns in this peripheral province have witnessed no major expansion in urban-based employment opportunities. Rapid urbanization in Latin America has preceded and outpaced increases in agriculture production, hence rapid urbanization has tended to cause an increase in food imports with a conséquent détériora- tion of the balance of payments of many countries. It leads to the rapid growth of cities. URBANIZATION TRENDS AND CITIES' EMISSIONS TRAJECTORIES Urbanization belongs to a set of worldwide mega-phenomena that are pro- This issue is more or less taken into consideration in Western countries but completely overlooked in other parts of the world and particularly in Africa or Latin America. 10 Causes of Rural-urban migration (Urbanization) The increasing numbers of people leaving rural areas and living and working in cities is called urbanization or rural urban migration. Here are five features of urban environments that contribute to the obesity epidemic in low- and middle-income countries: 1. urban system beneath the primate cities. 3 Urban Peace Program Series Youth Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: Costs, Causes, and Interventions August 1999 4~~~4 Caroline Moser Bernice van Bronkhorst The World Bank Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office The Latin American shantytowns . This paper discusses cause and effects of rapid urbanization in Latin America in the last half century. A)poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America B)the American and French revolutions C)the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to escape European control D)demands by Latin American workers to own their own factories 24.During the early 1800s, which was a major influence on the struggles for political independence in Latin . This classification determined a person's influence, control, supremacy and individual rights in the Latin American society and these factors were determined on the basis of segregation of people. Urban Growth In Latin America and the Carib-bean, the pace of urbanization during the 20th century has been extremely rapid; it is actually the most urbanized area in the less developed world. In addition to the massive cities and conurbations up and down Latin America's Atlantic and Pacific coastlines, there are another 310 cities with populations over 250,000 and another 16,000 smaller towns. Several causes have been suggested, but the most . IV are the cause of overwhelming poverty. A similar trend occurred in the Middle East and North Africa, but again, the growth trajectory has stabilized. New York City, 1932. Most inhabitants of urban areas have non-agricultural jobs. urban sprawl. Homicide rates are surprisingly low, a mere 6.6 per 100,000 in 2013, making it one the safest countries in Latin America; by comparison, in the most violent countries, such as Honduras and . decades. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. Higher urbanization is usually associated with a number of positives, such as higher income, greater access to services, and lower poverty incidence, and, Latin America is no exception. published in the Latin America and Caribbean region—is the product of the first effort under this initiative. Inequality in Latin America is relatively high now, but historically it has been no higher than in the United States and Western Europe. Discussion From 1950's to 2000, a new region of urbanization has come to the forefront: the U.S.-Mexican border. On the other hand, while Migration is not a new phenomenon in Latin America. Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) is a research project that studies how urban policies and city environments affect the health of Latin Americans. . 3. V are strong communities of hard-working, creative people. It was in the cities that the transformation of the role of women was most dramatic. million-plus cities in Latin America and the Caribbean. Noun. 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