Current File : /var/www/html/higroup/v2n24/cache/6b2d78ec3256d7d42a2a101486a9fd32
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:46130:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C700%2C900%7CPoppins%3A400%2C700%2C900" rel="stylesheet"><script type="text/javascript">
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<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 .07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-widget-styles-pro-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules/elements/assets/css/widget-styles-pro.css?ver=1.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="sweetalert2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=8.17.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-general-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-smallscreen-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration-smallscreen.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 768px)">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-my-account-layout-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/my-account-layout.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="dashicons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-skeleton-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-skeleton.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-tooltip-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/tooltip.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-full-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-full.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tickets-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-rsvp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="wp-block-library-theme-inline-css" type="text/css">
#start-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-code{font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;color:#1e1e1e;padding:.8em 1em;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-pullquote{border-top:4px solid;border-bottom:4px solid;margin-bottom:1.75em;color:currentColor}.wp-block-pullquote__citation,.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer{color:currentColor;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;position:relative;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-group.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table thead{border-bottom:3px solid}.wp-block-table tfoot{border-top:3px solid}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{padding:.5em;border:1px solid;word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_frontend-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/frontend.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_print-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/print.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="theme-my-login-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/theme-my-login/assets/styles/theme-my-login.min.css?ver=7.1.3" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-icons-ekiticons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementskit-parallax-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/css/style.css?ver=1.5.9" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-rsvp-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tpp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tpp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fonts-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300%2C400%2C500%2C600%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRoboto%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRubik%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CArchivo%3A400%2C500%2C600%2C700&ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="bootstrap-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fontawesome-min-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="select2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/select2.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-image-choose-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/image-choose-control.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-icon-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/iconfont.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="xs-grid-line-animation-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/grid-line-parallax.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-blog-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/blog.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-master-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/master.css?ver=1641050289" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="evenex-master-inline-css" type="text/css">
h1{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:36px;
}
h2,
.post .entry-header .entry-title,
.search .page .entry-header .entry-title{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:30px;
}
h3{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:24px;
}
h4{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:18px;
}
h5{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:16px;
}
h6{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:14px;
}
body{
background:#ffffff;
font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;color:#666666;line-height:1.625;font-size:16px;
}
.logo-area .site-title a , .logo-area .site-desc{
color:#ec962d;
}
.post .entry-header .entry-title a:hover,
.sidebar ul li a:hover, .xs-footer-section ul li a:hover,
.post-meta a:hover,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav li a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.sticky.post .meta-featured-post,
.widget-title:before,
.xs-custom-widget > h5:before,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::before ,
.owl-next, .owl-prev,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav>li.active>a:before,
.main-slider .owl-prev.disabled,
.owl-dots:before,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active:before,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span,
.ts-footer .widget-title:before,
.main-slider .owl-next:hover, .main-slider .owl-prev:hover,
.sidebar .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn, .xs-footer-section .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn,
.xs-search-group .search-button,
.banner-solid,
.pagination li.active a,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link,
.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background),
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,
.back_to_top > a,
.post .meta-featured-post::after {
background:#ec962d;
}
.post .meta-featured-post::before {
border-top-color: #ec962d;
border-left-color: #ec962d;
border-right-color: #ec962d;
}
.xs-search-group .search-button:hover,
.pagination li.active a:hover,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover {
background:#ff7c49;
}
.header-btn {
background: linear-gradient(90deg,#ec962d 0,#ff7c49 100%);
}
.header-btn::before {
box-shadow: 0 15px 25px 0 #ec962d;
}
.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.breadcrumb>li a:hover {
color: #ff7c49;
}
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.dropdown-item.active,
.dropdown-item:active,
.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu li:hover>a,
.xs-recent-post-widget .widget-post .entry-title>a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span{
border-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::after{
border-left-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border{
border-bottom-color: #ec962d;
}
.topbar .top-nav li a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-author a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-reply-link:hover,
.post-title a:hover,
.copyright-area a:hover,
.ts-footer .widget ul li a:hover,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active .tab-head>span.tab-text-title,
.social-links li a:hover,
.comment-author cite a:hover {
color:#ec962d;
}
.xs-footer-section{
background-color: #FFF;
}
.btn-primary {
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ec962d 0, #ff7c49 100%);
}
.sidebar .widget .widget-title:before {
background: #ec962d;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-widget-styles-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-responsive-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-before.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.1" id="underscore-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-after.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/wp-util.js?ver=5.8.2" id="wp-util-not-in-footer-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/js/jarallax.js?ver=1.5.9" id="jarallax-js"></script>
<meta name="et-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="et-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/tickets/v1/"><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/">
<script type="text/javascript">
var elementskit_module_parallax_url = "https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/"
</script>
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cropped-Bag-page-001-270x270.jpg">
<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
.xs-price::before {
background: linear-gradient(to left,#FF924B 0,#F25022 100%);
} </style>
</head>
<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-9047 single-format-standard pmpro-body-has-access user-registration-page tribe-no-js check sidebar-active elementor-default elementor-kit-8181">
<header id="header" class="header header-classic header-main ">
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg">
<a class="logo" href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 0 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 0 }}<img class="img-fluid" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/New-Project-4.png" alt="MixieSocialHub">
</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler p-0 border-0" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#primary-nav" aria-controls="primary-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div id="primary-nav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"><ul id="main-menu" class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li id="menu-item-8650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-8650 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 1 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 1 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8928 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 2 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 2 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8500 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 3 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 3 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8219 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 4 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 4 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8169 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 5 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 5 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8170 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 6 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 6 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8168 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 7 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 7 }}</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div><!-- container end-->
</header>
<section class="xs-banner banner-single banner-bg" style="background-image: url(https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/images/banner/bg_banner.png)">
<div class="container">
<div class="d-flex align-items-center banner-area">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<h1 class="xs-jumbotron-title" style="color: #ffffff">{{ keyword }}</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><div id="main-content" class="main-container blog-single sidebar-active" role="main">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 col-md-12 mx-auto">
<article id="post-9047" class="post-content post-single post-9047 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry pmpro-has-access">
<div class="post-body clearfix">
<!-- Article header -->
<header class="entry-header clearfix">
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-meta-date">
<i class="far fa-clock"></i>
January 1, 2022</span><span class="meta-categories post-cat">
<i class="far fa-folder-open"></i>
Uncategorized
</span> <span class="post-comment"><i class="far fa-comment-alt"></i><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 8 }}" class="comments-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 8 }}</a></span>
</div>
</header><!-- header end -->
<!-- Article content -->
<div class="entry-content clearfix">
<p>{{ text }}</p>
<p>{{ links }}</p>
</div> <!-- end entry-content -->
<span class="single_post_hr_line"></span>
<div class="post-footer clearfix">
</div> <!-- .entry-footer -->
</div> <!-- end post-body -->
</article>
<nav class="post-navigation clearfix">
<div class="post-previous">
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<h3>{{ keyword }}</h3>
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<h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">{{ keyword }}<small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 10 }}" style="display:none;">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 10 }}</a></small></h3></div><!-- #respond -->
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<ul>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 11 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 11 }}</a></li> <li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 12 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 12 }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 13 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 13 }}</a></li>
<li><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 14 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 14 }}</a></li>
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</html>";s:4:"text";s:35665:"The secondary process stream flows through the tubes which are inserted inside the shell. Requires more space in comparison to plate coolers REFERENCES <a href="https://marineengineeringonline.com/tag/avantages-and-disadvantages-of-types-of-heat-exchangers/">avantages and disadvantages of types of heat exchangers ...</a> Shell and tube heat exchanger is also called a tube and tube heat exchanger. <a href="https://www.heatexchangersgasket.com/info/plate-heat-exchanger-advantages-and-disadvanta-28213698.html">Plate Heat Exchanger Advantages And Disadvantages ...</a> <a href="https://mechanicalboost.com/double-pipe-heat-exchanger/">What is a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger? | Working Principle ...</a> Advantages of Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers. Problems of Conventional Shell & Tube Zigzag path on shell side leads to Poor use of shell-side pressure drop Possible vibration from cross flow Dead spots Poor heat transfer Allows fouling Recirculation zones Poor thermal effectiveness, 18 19. U-tube designs also allow for the tube bundles to be easily removed from the exchanger. 2. Disadvantages Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to plate type cooler Cleaning and maintenance is difficult since a tube cooler requires enough clearance at one end to remove the tube nest Capacity of tube cooler cannot be increased. <a href="https://cmsheattransfer.com/heat-exchanger-advantages.asp">Heat Exchanger Advantages and Limitations</a> . Advantages and disadvantages. The heat transfer coefficient is lower, so the heat transfer areas are usually large, Cleaning and maintenance is inconvenient as movement space is required to remove the inner pipes, In case of need, the heat exchanger capacity cannot be increased. From steam tables, this steam temperature corresponds with a steam pressure of about 0.15 bar g, and hfg = 2 247 kJ/kg. The shell and tube heat exchanger is mainly composed of shell, tube sheet, tube bundle, head and other components. Graphite heat exchanger equipment is made in a variety of forms, including outside packed head shell and tube exchangers. <a href="https://coolingtowerindia.com/tag/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-u-tube-heat-exchanger/">advantages and disadvantages of u-tube heat exchanger ...</a> <a href="https://www.rasmech.com/blog/shell-and-tube-heat-exchanger-what-to-know/">Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger: What To Know | RasMech</a> After getting all the information regarding these heat exchangers, it is now time to get on with some of the benefits and limitations of the shell and tube heat exchangers. Comparison of Heat Exchanger Types - Each of the three types of heat exchangers (Parallel, Cross and Counter Flow) has advantages and disadvantages. <a href="https://boilersinfo.com/types-of-heat-exchangers-shell-and-tube-type-plate/">Types of Heat Exchangers Shell and tube, Plate type</a> <a href="https://www.alaquainc.com/evaporators-types-and-applications/">Evaporators- Types and Applications - ALAQUA</a> The most basic and the most common type of heat exchanger construction is the shell and tube type. No limitation on number of tube side passes. #1 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Since straight tubes are used, tube replacement is easier. 1. These parts are inspected and repaired in similar ways. As the name suggests, this type of heat exchanger has an outer shell (a large pressure vessel) and a tube bundle. The heat exchange efficiency of such a heat exchanger is relatively low, and the heat transfer coefficient is only about twice the heat transfer coefficient of the light pipe, but The advantage is that it is easy to return oil, and the control is relatively simple, and the charging amount of the refrigerant is about 1/2 to 1/3 of the filling . Shell and tube heat exchangers usually have three forms: fixed tube inner plate, U-shaped tube and floating head type. A shell and tube heat exchanger consists of several tubes enclosed in a shell. Shell and tube heat exchanger capacity decreases when the number of rust increases Disadvantages Less efficient than plate heat exchangers. The reaction between oxygen (O 2) and iron (Fe 2, Fe 3) is the most commonly observed form of corrosion. On the other hand, a U-tube exchanger is only connected to the tubesheet and shell on one end, allowing for thermal expansion without harm to the rest of the machine. Fig. The operator has to be careful when dismantling and assembling. As in all mechanical devices, each type has its advantages and disadvantages. Plate Heat Exchanger Disadvantages . Shell and tube exchangers have several different configurations with different types of heads and shells. Shell and tube heat exchanger is a device where two working fluids exchange heats by thermal contact using tubes housed within a cylindrical shell. The Straight tubes and integral fins are mounted inside the cylindrical shell. Using a Shell & Tube heat exchanger is necessary only when there's an extreme temperature difference between the two fluids. Shell and tube heat exchangers are integral parts of many cooling and heating systems. The engine oil at a flow rate of 0.23 kg/s enters the exchanger at 120°C and leaves at 115°C. Tubes can be 'double walled' to reduce the likelihood of the shell side fluid leaking into the tube side fluid (or vice versa). Higher surface per given shell and tube size than "T" type. The cooled water enters from water intel mounted in the downside of the device, Then temperature vapour refrigerant enters from the top of the shell and get de-superheated . Results in higher maintenance cost. 2. 1. A computational fluid dynamics model was created for the design of a natural convection shell-and-tube heat exchanger with baffles. July 2, 2018 September 6, 2019 hiadmin Heat Exchanger 6 Comments on Shell and U Tube Heat Exchanger High Pressure It means it has less heat transfer rate than the shell & tube heat exchanger. Provides multi-tube pass arrangements. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Spiral Plate Heat Exchanger. 1. The shell and tube heat exchanger is mainly composed of shell, tube sheet, tube bundle, head and other components. The sleeve heat exchanger usually consists of a shell (including the inner shell and the outer shell), a U . The biggest threat to shell and tube heat exchangers that use carbon steel tubes is oxidation (corrosion) of the heat transfer surface of its tubes. Shell cover, clamp-ring and floating head cover must be removed prior to removing the bundle. More costly than fixed tube sheet or U-tube heat exchanger designs. A shell and tube exchanger consists of a number of tubes mounted inside a cylindrical shell. The pass partitions are near full thickness with no mechanical or corrosion damage present, gasket surfaces are also in good condition, and bolt holes for the body . Heat And Mass Transfer (4th Edition) Edit edition Solutions for Chapter 11 Problem 5P: Draw a 1-shell-pass and 6-tube-passes shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Less vibration as tubes are supported at multiple contact points. Types of heat exchangers Shell and tube type. Tube side velocity can initiate corrosion on the inside of bends. Advantages of Double Tube-Sheets. 3D Model Annotations Partition Plate The partition plate separates the lower and upper halves of the heat exchanger. 1. Require more space to open and remove tubes. The advantage of twisted type shell and tube heat exchanger over conventional heat exchanger are Studied in this paper on the basis of economics, performance and material of construction including reactive metals for improved performance, no vibration, and no dead spots etcetera. That is when you may opt for a finned tube heat exchanger over a shell and tube exchanger. 1. The fluid temperature inside the shell and tube are different and this temperature difference is the driving force for temperature exchange. More costly than fixed tube sheet or U-tube heat exchanger designs. But there are also some disadvantages associated with plate heat exchangers: Plate heat exchangers tend to be more expensive than other heat exchanger designs. In this way, it transfers heat from one fluid to other. Single units containing up to 1300 m2 (14,000 ft2) of heat transfer surface are available. When you decide to buy one such exchanger, the investment is considerably high. Types of shell and tube heat exchangers. Shell and tube heat exchangers usually have three forms: fixed tube inner plate, U-shaped tube and floating head type. 1) High heat transfer coefficient. Cross flow heat exchangers are called the type of heat exchangers which have 90 degree angles for the direction of the fluids. Heat exchangers help control fluid temperatures in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical processing for pasteurization, sterilization, clean-in-place and other hygienic operations. Let's check it out below. Aug 08, 2019. This is because it is easier to clean or, if needed, replace the tubes than the shell. 1. 2 . Home. They split all heat exchanger designs into three main parts: the front end header, the shell, and the rear end header, and designate them with letters. Plate Type Heat Exchanger Advantages and Disadvantages of Shell type HE Advantages 1.Less expensive than Plate type HE 2.Can be used in systems with higher temperatures and pressures 3.Pressure drop across a tube sheet is less 4.Tube leaks are easily to locate and plug by pressure testing In a shell and tube heat exchanger having a cylindrical outer shell and carbonaceous inner tubes held in place and separated by carbonaceous tube sheets, one of said tube sheets being a floating vertical member tube sheet, adapted to slide axially with respect to the shell, the improvement comprising: 2. Do not foul as easily as plate heat exchangers. Cooling capacity can not be increased, but a plate heat exchanger's can be. These are highly compact, highly robust exchangers compare to the other popular heat exchangers such as shell and tube. Less number of tubes can be fixed on tube sheet because of U bends. Figure 1 illustrates a typical unit that may be found in a petrochemical plant. 3. The main drawbacks are leakage and pressure drop in the system. The degree of corrosion will depend upon the heat exchanger material. For example, the heat transfer surface of the spiral plate heat exchanger with a diameter of ¢1500mm and a height of 1200mm can reach 130m2. The 50% ethylene glycol at a rate of 0.47 kg/s enters at 90°C. They can be designed and manufactured to bear very high pressures; They have extremely flexible and steady design Tube side passes can not be increased or decreased. It is not available in crossflow design. It increases the heat transfer for the process. Better turbulens, no dead spots, so reduced fouling. 2. The hot steam in the top of the steam space will cause the heat exchanger to expand there, while the cool water in the bottom of the steam space has the reverse effect. Smaller footprint than shell-and-tube designs Disadvantages Relatively low operating temperature Maintenance cost due to gaskets Not for use with products of very high viscosity or with very large particulates Guide to Choosing the Right Heat Exchanger The standard types of shell and tube heat exchangers are regulated by the Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association or TEMA. In this type of condenser, Shell and tube both are used, That's why its name is shell & tube. This problem can be alleviated with an extension joint, but these additions are not inexpensive. Disadvantages of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger The double tube heat exchanger has low tubes than the shell & tube. 11.114 is a large four-pass channel in very good condition. Shell, or pressure vessel - is where a cooling or heating fluid will flow through to transfer heat or remove heat from a tube bundle. There are many pipe joints, which are easy to leak and large flow resistance. Due to the tubular structure, dirt adheres to the pipe wall very quickly. Comparing the two heat exchangers at minimum load, the steam temperature has dropped from 115.2°C in the perfectly sized heat exchanger to 103.8°C in the oversized heat exchanger. Mechanical stress. Advantage: The spiral plate heat exchanger is compact in structure, and the heat transfer surface per unit volume is large. Disadvantages Less efficient than plate heat exchangers. If there is a leaking gasket causing one flowing medium to mix with the other, the leaking plate is often difficult to locate. They can be used for wide temperature and pressure range. Tube pitch in heat exchangers is the shortest distance (Tube center to Tube center) between two adjacent tubes in a heat exchanger. A comparison of both, the advantages and disadvantages of a shell and tube heat exchanger: Advantages of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Tubular heat exchanger is a heat exchanger system between a cold and hot fluid. . Therefore, you can't use these exchangers for some specific applications. TEMA stands for "Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association" and is a set of standards that were developed by leading shell and tube manufacturers. It consists of two separate, non-moving parts. About. The outer tube is called the shell side and the inner tube is called the tube side. Shell cover, clamp-ring and floating head cover must be removed prior to removing the bundle. SiC-based heat exchangers are commonly used by the chemical industry, for example, in the processing of sulfuric acid. At the same time, the metal consumption per unit heat transfer area is much, about 5 times that of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Twisted tubes are self supporting, so baffles are not required. This type of heat exchanger is popular because of its simplicity (as it has no moving parts), its inherent strength (as it is cylindrical), its ability to handle pressures greater than . Difficulty in Finding Leakage. Tube Corrosion. You can use it in applications requiring a larger surface area. Disadvantages : It is not possible to remove tube bundle for inspection and cleaning. Since the tubes are attached to these other critical materials, this may cause damage to the tube layer and shell in a straight tube exchanger. Double-tube-sheet heat exchangers are used for applications wherein mixing of tube-side and shell-side fluid must be avoided. However, operating with seawater, both heat exchangers are built with the same material, in this case, the titanium, being the shell and tube heat exchanger less efficient, much larger, and more expensive option than the plate heat exchanger. The spiral heat exchanger has a unique circular, single channel design that offers key advantages over multi-channel shell and tube or plate heat exchangers. It consists of a vertical shell and a tube heat exchanger. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 . It provides practical solutions for your cooling and heating of products that could cause problems in alternate heat exchange methods. In this post, we discuss how three types of heat exchangers work: plate and frame, shell and tube, and scraped surface. Tube sheet: The tube sheet is a metal plate that has been perforated or . They are used in applications starting from small refrigerators to really huge equipment used in the pharmaceutical and petroleum industries. Higher surface per given shell and tube size than "T" type. Disadvantages of shell and tube heat exchanger : Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to plate type cooler; Cleaning and maintenance is difficult since a tube cooler requires enough clearance at one end to remove the tube nest; Capacity of tube cooler cannot be increased. Shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most popular types of heat exchanger because of their flexibility to accommodate a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Once both heat exchangers have been introduced, the main advantages and . … 1) High heat transfer coefficient. Requires more space in contrast with plate coolers 4. Tube pitch in heat exchangers, This short article will answer some common questions on this topic. 10/08/2011 One fluid flows through the tubes while the other fluid is conducted through the shell. The three structures have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different occasions. The shell is a pressure vessel which contains one process fluid. Six Causes of Heat Exchanger Tube Failure. Advantages of plate heat exchanger. shell and tube heat exchanger If you're looking for an alternative to the options above, consider utilizing a Shell & Tube heat exchanger. Plate Heat Exchanger Advantages And Disadvantages. Maintenance methods of shell and tube heat exchangers: Because shell-and-tube heat exchanger is composed of tube bundles, and its own weight and volume are relatively large, it needs to leave the same length of tube bundles when repairing and extracting the tubes, so it occupies more land and needs to be equipped with necessary lifting and . U Tube Bundle Heat Exchanger June 30, 2018 September 6, 2019 hiadmin Heat Exchanger 41 Comments on U Tube Bundle Heat Exchanger Tube Bundle Heat Exchangers Manufacturer INDIA A heat-exchanger system consisting of a bundle of U tubes (hairpin tubes) surrounded by a shell (outer vessel); one fluid flows through the tubes, and the other fluid . Disadvantages Tube inner surface can be cleaned by chemical means only. The purpose of heat exchangers is to transfer heat between two or more fluids to regulate . RichS29 7 years, 1 month ago. Disadvantages: Heat exchange effectiveness is less as compared to plate type cooler Cleaning and maintenance is troublesome since a tube cooler requires enough leeway toward one side to expel the tube nest Capacity of tube cooler can't be expanded. Plate Heat Exchanger Advantages And Disadvantages. Minimum by passing of shell side fluid between tube bundle and shell. -typically medium to high pressure drop -Relatively small tolerance to fouling and chemical agressive fluids. The spiral heat exchanger has a unique circular, single channel design that offers key advantages over multi-channel shell and tube or plate heat exchangers. .Individual tube replacement is difficult. Flow through the shell and tubes can be countercurrent, cocurrent, or cross flow. It has several variations within its own group. This aids in easy inspection and cleaning of the shell and outside of the tube bundle. Tag: shell tube heat exchanger advantages and disadvantages Shell and U Tube Heat Exchanger High Pressure. TWISTED TUBE® Heat Exchanger Technology features a revolutionary bundle construction that increases heat transfer and reduces pressure drops while increasing heat transfer surface area and eliminating damaging vibration. The shell-side coefficient presents the greatest difficulty due to the very complex nature of the flow in the shell. The advantage for using a heat exchanger is that it economizes the whole plant and maximized your energy recovery. It is suitable for chemical, petroleum, solvent, pharmaceutical, food, light industry, textile, metallurgy, steel rolling, coking and other industries. 2 . A huge disadvantage of a PCHE heat exchanger plate is that it is very hard to track down spillage in it. Drawbacks of using a finned tube heat exchanger. 1. When injecting fluid into a shell and tube heat exchanger, that which is more likely to corrode or foul is typically placed in the tube side of the machine, according to R. Shankar Subramanian, a chemical and bioengineering professor at Clarkson University. Tube Heat Exchanger is a class of heat exchanger designs used in all processes. 3. Floating head heat exchanger Split back ring type The flat plate heat exchanger (also simply called a plate heat exchanger or a plate and frame heat exchanger) has both advantages and disadvantages compared to the widely shell and tube heat exchangers. A flat plate heat exchanger uses a metal heat exchanger plate between the two fluids to achieve a higher overall heat transfer coefficient than either a shell and tube heat exchanger or a . One liquid flow inside the tube while the other liquid flows over the tube. & tube, however the m ost disadvantages is in orde r . 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using 6 tube passes instead of just 2 of the same diameter? Fixed Tube sheet BEM, AEM, NEN Advantages Provides for single and multiple tube passes to assure proper velocity. DISADVANTAGES OF SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGERS. Require more space to open and remove tubes. Two different media can flow in the opposite direction (or in the same direction) in the shell and tube sides to achieve the effect of heat exchange. Requires more space in comparison to plate coolers In addition, if the exchanger employs multiple tube passes, then the LMTD correction factor must be used in calculating the mean temperature difference in the exchanger. Disadvantages. A shell and tube heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger where a process stream is used to heat or cool another process stream. Disadvantages of a PCHE Heat Exchanger Plate. There are some disadvantages of a PCHE heat exchanger as well. Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers are diffusion-bonded type heat exchangers. Tubes can be cleaned mechanically or chemically. Disadvantages Heat transfer efficiency is less compared to plate type cooler Cleaning and maintenance is difficult since a tube cooler requires enough clearance at one end to remove the tube nest Capacity of tube cooler cannot be increased. The basic components of a tubular heat exchanger are as follow:. Provides multi-tube pass arrangements. Additionally, dead spots are eliminated where fouling can accumulate and reduce effective heat transfer surface area. The solvent is fed at the top of the tube and then flows down to the surface tube as a thin film. . Twisted Tube Heat Exchangers typically have 40% higher heat transfer coefficient for same pressure dop as conventional shell & tube type. The retrofit situation is increased capacity, lower installed . 1. The disadvantage of the double-pipe heat exchanger is that it covers a large area. But of the three, the counter flow heat exchanger design is the most efficient when comparing heat transfer rate per unit surface area. The plate heat exchanger has a small flow path, the plate is a corrugation shape, and the section change is complicated, so that the fluid flow direction and velocity are constantly changed, the fluid disturbance is increased, and the turbulence can be achieved at a . 1. Secondly energy losses are minimized and every joule of energy is utilized and not wasted. Lastly there is no general disadvantage of using a heat exchanger. As it gets heated further, the vapors get generated. 4. Tube bundle:The tube bundle is the set of tubes that provide the heat transfer surface between the fluid that circulates inside the tubes and the fluid that circulates through the shell.In this set of tubes is where the product to be heated is located. Installing a heat exchanger for energy recovery or transfer is beneficial . Because of the fins, mechanical cleaning becomes very difficult and you would have to go for chemical cleaning. For example, the TEMA-F shell design provides for a longitudinal flow plate to be installed inside the tube bundle assembly. Two fluids can exchange heat, one fluid flows over the outside of the tubes while the second fluid flows through the tubes. This type of heat exchanger consists of a set of tubes in a container called a shell. Tubular heat exchanger. Requires more space in comparison to plate coolers REFERENCES Disadvantages: -Relative smaller operating pressures when compared to shell and tube HE. They are now well established in the upstream, high pressure hydrocarbon processing, petrochemical and refining industries. Feed enters at the top of the evaporator and then it further distributed to tubes. Tube Pitch Definition. Example 5.2 Miniature Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger A miniature shell-and-tube heat exchanger is designed to cool engine oil in an engine with the engine coolant (50% ethylene glycol). The spiral plate heat exchanger is a high-efficiency heat exchanger device, which is suitable for steam-vapor, vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and liquid heat transfer. Disadvantages of tubular heat exchangers: Using an input cold source that is unfiltered, untreated water will produce rust. Copper, carbon steel, and stainless steel will each be affected differently. A: The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is the type used in almost all industrial applications. Tube pitch definition These standards define the style of heat exchanger and the machining and assembly tolerances. Advantages of plate heat exchanger. Difficult to clean the sediment due to the complex structure. In the plate type, the initial cost is high because titanium plates are expensive. -limitations in terms of phase change applications. Disadvantages of Heat Exchanger. Easy to install sacrificial anodes. This plate causes the shell fluid to travel down one half of the tube bundle, then down the other half, in effect producing a counter-current flow pattern which is best for Heat Transfer. The three structures have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different occasions. The . Totally, it is hard to find a specific exchanger using cross flow configuration, but generally, Plate, shell and tube, one-phase, and multi-phase exchangers can be categorized as cross flow heat exchangers. Results in higher maintenance cost. They are fabricated with impervious graphite tubes and tube side headers and metallic shells. The plate heat exchanger has a small flow path, the plate is a corrugation shape, and the section change is complicated, so that the fluid flow direction and velocity are constantly changed, the fluid disturbance is increased, and the turbulence can be achieved at a . 4. 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