Current File : /var/www/html/higroup/6l6lscw/cache/38b7a288f6086bc88b32c0928fbbd6e8
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:46130:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto%3A400%2C700%2C900%7CPoppins%3A400%2C700%2C900" rel="stylesheet"><script type="text/javascript">
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<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 .07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-widget-styles-pro-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules/elements/assets/css/widget-styles-pro.css?ver=1.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="sweetalert2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/sweetalert2/sweetalert2.min.css?ver=8.17.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-general-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-smallscreen-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/user-registration-smallscreen.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="only screen and (max-width: 768px)">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="user-registration-my-account-layout-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/my-account-layout.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="dashicons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-skeleton-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-skeleton.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-tooltip-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/tooltip.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="tribe-common-full-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/css/common-full.min.css?ver=4.13.0.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tickets-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tickets-rsvp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp-v1.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.8.2" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="wp-block-library-theme-inline-css" type="text/css">
#start-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-code{font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;color:#1e1e1e;padding:.8em 1em;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-pullquote{border-top:4px solid;border-bottom:4px solid;margin-bottom:1.75em;color:currentColor}.wp-block-pullquote__citation,.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer{color:currentColor;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;position:relative;font-style:normal}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-group.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table thead{border-bottom:3px solid}.wp-block-table tfoot{border-top:3px solid}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{padding:.5em;border:1px solid;word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_frontend-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/frontend.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="screen">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="pmpro_print-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/paid-memberships-pro/css/print.css?ver=2.5.7" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="theme-my-login-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/theme-my-login/assets/styles/theme-my-login.min.css?ver=7.1.3" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementor-icons-ekiticons-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="elementskit-parallax-style-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/css/style.css?ver=1.5.9" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-rsvp-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/rsvp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="event-tickets-tpp-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/event-tickets/src/resources/css/tpp.min.css?ver=5.1.2.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fonts-css" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300%2C400%2C500%2C600%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRoboto%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CRubik%3A400%2C500%2C700%26display%3Dswap%7CArchivo%3A400%2C500%2C600%2C700&ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="bootstrap-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="fontawesome-min-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="select2-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/user-registration/assets/css/select2.css?ver=1.9.6" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-image-choose-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/image-choose-control.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-icon-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/iconfont.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="xs-grid-line-animation-css-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/grid-line-parallax.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-blog-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/blog.css?ver=1.4" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="evenex-master-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/css/master.css?ver=1641050289" type="text/css" media="all">
<style id="evenex-master-inline-css" type="text/css">
h1{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:36px;
}
h2,
.post .entry-header .entry-title,
.search .page .entry-header .entry-title{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:30px;
}
h3{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:24px;
}
h4{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:18px;
}
h5{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:16px;
}
h6{
font-family: Poppins, sans-serif;color:#101010;font-size:14px;
}
body{
background:#ffffff;
font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;color:#666666;line-height:1.625;font-size:16px;
}
.logo-area .site-title a , .logo-area .site-desc{
color:#ec962d;
}
.post .entry-header .entry-title a:hover,
.sidebar ul li a:hover, .xs-footer-section ul li a:hover,
.post-meta a:hover,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav li a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.sticky.post .meta-featured-post,
.widget-title:before,
.xs-custom-widget > h5:before,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg,
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::before ,
.owl-next, .owl-prev,
.header .navbar-light .navbar-nav>li.active>a:before,
.main-slider .owl-prev.disabled,
.owl-dots:before,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active:before,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span,
.ts-footer .widget-title:before,
.main-slider .owl-next:hover, .main-slider .owl-prev:hover,
.sidebar .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn, .xs-footer-section .widget.widget_search .input-group-btn,
.xs-search-group .search-button,
.banner-solid,
.pagination li.active a,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link,
.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background),
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,
.back_to_top > a,
.post .meta-featured-post::after {
background:#ec962d;
}
.post .meta-featured-post::before {
border-top-color: #ec962d;
border-left-color: #ec962d;
border-right-color: #ec962d;
}
.xs-search-group .search-button:hover,
.pagination li.active a:hover,
.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover {
background:#ff7c49;
}
.header-btn {
background: linear-gradient(90deg,#ec962d 0,#ff7c49 100%);
}
.header-btn::before {
box-shadow: 0 15px 25px 0 #ec962d;
}
.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,
.breadcrumb>li a:hover {
color: #ff7c49;
}
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:active:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus:not(.has-text-color),
.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),
.navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.dropdown-item.active,
.dropdown-item:active,
.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu li:hover>a,
.xs-recent-post-widget .widget-post .entry-title>a:hover {
color: #ec962d;
}
.tag-lists a:hover, .tagcloud a:hover,
.owl-theme .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span{
border-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border .title-bg::after{
border-left-color: #ec962d;
}
.block-title.title-border{
border-bottom-color: #ec962d;
}
.topbar .top-nav li a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-author a:hover,
.comments-list .comment-reply-link:hover,
.post-title a:hover,
.copyright-area a:hover,
.ts-footer .widget ul li a:hover,
.featured-tab-item .nav-tabs .nav-link.active .tab-head>span.tab-text-title,
.social-links li a:hover,
.comment-author cite a:hover {
color:#ec962d;
}
.xs-footer-section{
background-color: #FFF;
}
.btn-primary {
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ec962d 0, #ff7c49 100%);
}
.sidebar .widget .widget-title:before {
background: #ec962d;
}
</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-widget-styles-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" id="ekit-responsive-css" href="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=2.5.1" type="text/css" media="all">
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0" id="jquery-core-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-before.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.1" id="underscore-js"></script>
<script src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/common/src/resources/js/underscore-after.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-includes/js/wp-util.js?ver=5.8.2" id="wp-util-not-in-footer-js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/assets/js/jarallax.js?ver=1.5.9" id="jarallax-js"></script>
<meta name="et-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="et-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/tickets/v1/"><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://higroup.coding.al"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://higroup.coding.al/index.php/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/">
<script type="text/javascript">
var elementskit_module_parallax_url = "https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/plugins/evenex-essential/modules//parallax/"
</script>
<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cropped-Bag-page-001-270x270.jpg">
<style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">
.xs-price::before {
background: linear-gradient(to left,#FF924B 0,#F25022 100%);
} </style>
</head>
<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-9047 single-format-standard pmpro-body-has-access user-registration-page tribe-no-js check sidebar-active elementor-default elementor-kit-8181">
<header id="header" class="header header-classic header-main ">
<div class="container">
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg">
<a class="logo" href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 0 }}">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 0 }}<img class="img-fluid" src="https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/New-Project-4.png" alt="MixieSocialHub">
</a>
<button class="navbar-toggler p-0 border-0" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#primary-nav" aria-controls="primary-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
<span class="header-navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button>
<div id="primary-nav" class="collapse navbar-collapse"><ul id="main-menu" class="navbar-nav ml-auto"><li id="menu-item-8650" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-8650 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 1 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 1 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8928 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 2 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 2 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8500 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 3 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 3 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8219" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8219 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 4 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 4 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8169" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8169 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 5 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 5 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8170 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 6 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 6 }}</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-8168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8168 nav-item"><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 7 }}" class="nav-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 7 }}</a></li>
</ul></div>
</nav>
</div><!-- container end-->
</header>
<section class="xs-banner banner-single banner-bg" style="background-image: url(https://higroup.coding.al/wp-content/themes/evenex/assets/images/banner/bg_banner.png)">
<div class="container">
<div class="d-flex align-items-center banner-area">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<h1 class="xs-jumbotron-title" style="color: #ffffff">{{ keyword }}</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section><div id="main-content" class="main-container blog-single sidebar-active" role="main">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-8 col-md-12 mx-auto">
<article id="post-9047" class="post-content post-single post-9047 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry pmpro-has-access">
<div class="post-body clearfix">
<!-- Article header -->
<header class="entry-header clearfix">
<div class="post-meta">
<span class="post-meta-date">
<i class="far fa-clock"></i>
January 1, 2022</span><span class="meta-categories post-cat">
<i class="far fa-folder-open"></i>
Uncategorized
</span> <span class="post-comment"><i class="far fa-comment-alt"></i><a href="{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX-ANCHOR 8 }}" class="comments-link">{{ KEYWORDBYINDEX 8 }}</a></span>
</div>
</header><!-- header end -->
<!-- Article content -->
<div class="entry-content clearfix">
<p>{{ text }}</p>
<p>{{ links }}</p>
</div> <!-- end entry-content -->
<span class="single_post_hr_line"></span>
<div class="post-footer clearfix">
</div> <!-- .entry-footer -->
</div> <!-- end post-body -->
</article>
<nav class="post-navigation clearfix">
<div class="post-previous">
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</html>";s:4:"text";s:36595:"In this study, individuals and corporations are examined for the impact of government financial activities on them. The ultimate purpose is to assist the government of Nigeria and its various agencies in improving public financial management systems in order to ensure an efficient and effective use of health resources. Public Finance deals with the financial activities of government concerning revenue, expenditure and debt operations and their effects on the economy. underprivileged, the public sector's role is significant. its management of public financial resources, the challenge is to use this mandate to effectively ensure that the Executive . <a href="https://www.dtcokaski.gov.np/admin/downloads/PEFA%20%20Brochure_9.pdf"><span class="result__type">PDF</span> An Introduction To Public Expenditure and Financial ...</a> This capacity gap is a result of the recent global economic developments that make it challenging to effectively conduct sound… Economic stability: The objectives of public expenditure are to maintain economic stability. All of the above. In the modern era, public expenditure has the following objectives: (a) provision of collective wants in order to optimise society's consumption in a rational way and to maximise social and economic welfare. Effective public sector financial management and service delivery is a continuous process of planning, implementation, evaluation, audit and improvement based on the outcomes. Using budgets as tools of national economic management, conveying resource restrictions to spending departments, minimizing gaps between planned and actual expenditures, and improving control over public expenditures are all part of budgetary information. <a href="https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPSIR/article-full-text-pdf/1A642B440690">Public Expenditure Management Reforms in Nigeria and ...</a> The Government's medium term program for public expenditure reform is contained in the Expenditure Management and Control Program (EMCP). <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137315304_1">Introduction: The Meaning, Content and Objectives of ...</a> SPEMP Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Program SPSO Selected Public Sector Organization SSP Sector Strategy Papers TDM Treasury & Debt Management ToR Terms of Reference . <a href="https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/10.1596/978-1-4648-1466-2_ch1">Introduction: What Is PFM and Why Is It Important? | PEFA ...</a> <a href="https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27901/managing-government-expenditure.pdf"><span class="result__type">PDF</span> Chapter 1. AN OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT</a> Post-Your-Explanation-28. Allocate available resources according to government priorities; and 3. Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) PEFA is basically a framework for strengthening public expenditure system of a country. 2 This Study's Purpose and Objectives 2 Genesis of Assessments of Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability 3. Public expenditure should aim at reducing the inequalities of wealth distribution. They are a useful tool that can measure how well or not so well a program or activity is achieving its goals and objectives. Economic stability can come back under the market process. Government accounting . The three objectives of public expenditure management and therefore budget systems are: 1. Government raises the tax rates and capital expenditure during the . PEMFA Public Expenditure Management and Financial . Ideally, they should be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. Looking at PFM systems a) The objectives of PEM and revenue management systems i) Objectives of PEM PEM is instrumental in nature. In light of the nature of public sector accounting, an attempt is made to define the term. The method by which a certain portion matures every year as decided by the lottery system. Since then, the concept of public expenditure management has widened to become public financial management (PFM); the literature has expanded considerably; the global economic and financial crisis has highlighted the importance of governments developing strong . financial reporting, there has been only limited discussion of the objectives of public financial management. AN OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT This chapter has two objectives. Public finance encompasses fiscal policy and this fiscally policy refers to the government plan of action concerning […] Objectives of public financial management: The objectives of PFM are Strategic allocation of resources, which involves planning and executing the budget in line 2. Expenditure on public services accounts for more than one third of GDP in most countries, hence interest and expectations of these services are high and management of public funds needs to be able to withstand scrutiny from all quarters. They are usually considered a prerequisite to meeting the first two of the four main goals of effective public expenditure management noted at the beginning of this Section: exercising the macroeconomic constraint of affordability on the total, and ensuring efficiency in the allocation of resources. provide services to the general public. Abstract. 6.1 Policy Implications of Nigeria's Public Expenditure Structure. Public Finance Management: . Previous chapter Next chapter First, it places public expenditure management (PEM) in the broader context of the role of the state, good governance, macroeconomic policy, and the changing environment (especially in information and communication technology). reducing gaps between planned and actual expenditures and achieving better control of public expenditures. Objectives of public sector accounting or goal and or purpose of public sector accounting is what we going to discuss in this topic, so if you are a student and want to know the main objectives of public sector then you are at a right place.. 3) Every tax is an additional burden on the tax-payer (people). A PFM system should ensure that public resources remain allocated to agreed-upon strategic priorities and spur reallocation from lesser to higher priorities to ensure allocation efficiency. Thus, the government needs to increased expenses or reduce expenses. (b) Control of the depressionary tendency in the market economy. Fiscal operations refer to raising public revenue, spending to achieve certain goals and financial administration. The materials were selected by World Bank staff, and are supposed to represent the Public expenditure includes the infrastructure and other necessary expenses, and other expenditure includes the expenditure necessary to run the government like salaries, etc. binding expenditure ceilings at aggregate level and by individual spending entities); 2. In 2014, Program Based Budgeting (PBB) was implemented for the first time in Ghana, and the Budget Division (BD) developed a strategic plan and risk management framework. World Bank : Public Expenditure and Investment Management Reform Project - P161730. These are Public Expenditure, Public Revenue, Public Debt and Financial Administration. The Government's medium term program for public expenditure reform is contained in the Expenditure Management and Control Program (EMCP). To avoid extravagance & unnecessary spending - want government to be thrifty 4. Objectives of public sector accounting or goal and or purpose of public sector accounting is what we going to discuss in this topic, so if you are a student and want to know the main objectives of public sector then you are at a right place.. The public finance system deals with the financial activities of government, including revenue, expenditure, and debt operations, as well as their effects on the economy. Public expenditure management (PEM) is a strategic key instrument of government policy. This area studies the objectives and classification of public expenditure, effects of expenditure in different areas, effects of public expenditure on various factors such as employment, production, growth, etc . Stage 4: Reconciling resources with means . 3. b) Maintenance of police force. Governments are increasingly realising the importance of public expenditure as a tool for achieving their objectives, particularly in the area of poverty reduction. (b) Answer the following questions directly . Answer-28. Preparation of Budgets The budget is the annual forecast of the revenue and the expenditures so as to analyze the need for the debtor to invest the finance. Abstract. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT Public expenditure management (PEM) is one instrument of government policy. The last comprehensive reference books on public expenditure management topics were published more than ten years ago. for the growth and welfare of the country. Public Expenditure Management Context and NT2 Impacts. Maintenance of police force. FIDUCIARY RISK AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY 9. What are the objectives of the PFM system? control of expenditure, administration of trust funds, management of government stores and all the financial responsibilities and duties of the relevant organs. objectives. Public financialmanagement (PFM) is the set of rules and processes that govern how public resources2 are collected, allocated, spent, and accounted for. Define Accounting in the Public Sector. Campos and Pradhani identified three objectives of fiscal management: aggregate fiscal discipline; strategic prioritisation of expenditure and technical efficiency. The GCIS being a public entity is provided a budget to implement its mandate. 29. different PFM areas in section B, focusing on public expenditure management (PEM). Servicing of public debt. 6. 1) Public finance deals with income, expenditure and borrowings of the government institutions. Objectives. 1-27 expenditure management arrangements are laid out in the Technical Annex to the Government's Letter of Implementation Policy. Government Expenditure. Effects of Public Expenditure Public expenditure is beneficial since it influences the economy in many directions. Public Administration. Maintenance of Defence. This Manual is an important component of Ghanas Public Financial Management (PFM) reform program. service. The scope of public finance includes fiscal operations and their objectives. Conclusion. In order to do that, it required a budget approved through the legislative process. Public Debt: Meaning, Objectives and Problems! Define Accounting in the Public Sector. Public expenditure should be directed to achieve economic and social objectives of the country. Unlike conventional budgeting, which mainly focuses on expenditure on specific items at the executive . The main objectives of the EMCP are to bring about institutional and structural changes in public expenditure management so as to improve both its strategic and technical components. Made to produce wealth, goods that we can earn some income for the country, to enhance national productivity 5. Techniques 4. KEYWORDS: Fiscal Responsibility Act, Activity Budgeting, Cost Accounting System. Meaning: . Economic Growth. 1.0 An effective Public Expenditure Management (PEM) highlights the importance of outcomes and sees expenditures as a means to produce outputs which are needed to achieve desired outcomes. New Public Management or NPM is an approach that seeks to build an administration by implementing flexibility, transparency, minimum government, de-bureaucratization, decentralization, the market orientation of public services, and privatization. Risk 10 Accountability 12 Operational Implications 13. In India, public debt refers to a part of the total borrowings by the Union Government which includes such items as market loans, special bearer bonds, treasury bills and special loans and securities issued by the Reserve Bank. Meaning of Debt Management: Debt management is often referred to the amount, composition and refunding of the national debt. However, an This Manual is intended to be a practical guide, assisting municipalities to maintain a management, accounting and information system that accounts for the expenditure of the municipality. To avoid waste 3. In general, Public Expenditure Management (PEM) tends to promote the achievement of three outcomes, namely, aggregate fiscal discipline, allocative efficiency, and operational efficiency. Price Stability: Public finance regulate the stability of prices in an economy by controlling fluctuations. Budgetary information. In terms of the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999, public budgets are expected to comply with the approved funds. Public expenditure management is a basic means of government policy distributing utilizing sources productively, effectively and sensitively (Allen, Tommasi, 2001, p.19). Public Finance Management: . There are two classifications of public expenditure: Revenue Expenditure - It is a recurring expenditure: Interest Payments; Defence . Expenditure on public services accounts for more than one third of GDP in most countries, hence interest and expectations of these services are high and management of public funds needs to be able to withstand scrutiny from all quarters. . It is a paradigm shift from traditional public administration to New Public Management. 1.1 Objectives The main objective of public debt management is to ensure that the government's financing needs and its payment obligations are met at the lowest possible cost over the medium to long run, consistent with a prudent degree of risk. . They believed public expenditure has to be made according to priority 2. A. The author's definition of PFM is given. Objectives of Public Expenditure: The major objectives of public expenditure are a) Administration of law and order and justice. Section D concludes with a review of the benefits and risks, risk mitigation and the alternative approaches to revenue and expenditure management considered. Countries with similar incomes and growth over the past three decades have seen significantly different impacts on poverty. clearly sets out the key goals and objectives of the PFM reforms and identifies the priority reform actions. Owing to these problems, the main objective of this study is to assess expenditure management and control in Ethiopia by testing the hypotheses listed under the Introduction This paper reviews a sample of World Bank documents, as well as other materials for workshops, falling within the broad area of public expenditure management. A comparative analysis of managerial financial cycles in the public and private sectors of the economy is carried out. A Contemporary Approach to Public Expenditure Management, World Bank Institute, Washington DC, Chapter 1, pp. Reforming the Public Expenditure Management System: Medium-Term Expenditure Framework, Performance Management, and Fiscal Transparency . To view What is public financial management? SPEMP Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Program SPSO Selected Public Sector Organization SSP Sector Strategy Papers TDM Treasury & Debt Management ToR Terms of Reference . utilisation and accountability of public funds for service delivery 3) Generate more timely, reliable and accessible public expenditure management information 4) Strengthen external oversight of public expenditure management linked to physical performance information These strategic objectives are the focus for PFMP activities. We observed that over the 38 year period (1981-2018), covered by this study, the administration sector and external debt service transfers attracted more their fare share of public expenditure to the detriment of the economic and social community welfare services. They play an important role in determining how much expenditure should be allocated to a program and activity. Non-plan Expenditure- All expenditures other than plan expenditure were known as non-plan expenditure. In other words The Expenditure incurred by Public authorities like Central, State and local governments to satisfy the collective social wants of the people is known as public expenditure. Objectives of public financial management: The project comprises of three components. Anecdotal evidence indicated that public expenditure management (PEM) projects of the various regimes in Nigeria had been at best non-facilitator in fostering Nigeria's Development. The program's objective was to "make public service delivery institutions and processes more effective and efficient by enhancing the efficiency and accountability of the management of public expenditures and the public service in line with the GRZ strategies expenditure management in the public sector was facilitated by the work (Review The core objective of PEFA is to enhance expenditure management of the public funds and Public Expenditure Management: Review of Bank materials for Operations Evaluation Department 1. Stage 3: Linking policy, resources, and means by sector ...9 5. Principle of Surplus: It is considered a sound or orthodox principle of public expenditure that as far as possible public expenditure should be kept well within the revenue of the State so that a surplus is left at the end of the year. To maximize benefits 6. The term "public financial management" commonly describes elements of an annual budget cycle, which typically centers around (1) budget formulation; (2) budget execution; (3) accounting and reporting; and (4) external security and audit. Development of industries. The objective of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessments is to review the current performance of the public financial management (PFM) systems, processes, and institutions of the Federal Government of Ethiopia. While the public expenditure policy deals with what should be done, PEM deals with the processes to implement the policies. 1.2 Scope The assessment aims to assist the government in identifying PFM weaknesses that may inhibit effective . Under Public Expenditure, we study the various principles, effects and problems of expenditure made by the public . The author's definition of PFM is given. A comparative analysis of managerial financial cycles in the public and private sectors of the economy is carried out. The following are the objectives of fiscal . Effects of Public Expenditure: Public expenditure is an important fiscal instrument to secure many fold social objectives in an economy. Objectives of Debt Management 3. The objective of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessments is to review the current performance of the public financial management (PFM) systems, processes, and institutions of the Federal Government of Ethiopia. 1. It is designed to improve the quality of service provided by enhancing the ability of the public service to achieve its objectives of implementing Government policies and programmes economically, efficiently and effectively. Learn more about Disinvestment and Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) in the linked article. related to public expenditure management and controlling are reflected in the budget preparation, approval, execution, and audit phase of expenditure management cycle. Chapter 1. It increases the capacity of the people to produce output efficiently. . This approach caters to the objective of fiscal burden reduction. Public expenditure is the money spent by government entities. 1. 4) Public expenditure is more important than private expenditure. The meaning, objectives and content of public financial management 5 Chapter 2. In light of the nature of public sector accounting, an attempt is made to define the term. Stage 2: High-level policy: aligning policies and objectives under resource constraints ...7 4. Maintenance of diplomats in foreign countries. Maintain aggregate fiscal discipline (i.e. 1. The article examines Obasanjo's public expenditure management reforms in Nigeria from 1999 to 2007. This calls for a link between policy and budgeting and for a perspective beyond the immediate future. In public finance, policies are managed and drafted to achieve the objectives of taxation, management of public revenue and expenditure, raising and servicing public debt, and fiscal administration at all levels of government. What Is The Main Objectives Of Public Finance? The major objectives of public expenditure are. A general consensus exists around the objectives of the PFM system. What Is Public Expenditure Management? The effects of public expenditure are always beneficial. The mid-term review of the implementation of the MEFMI Phase V (2017-2021) Strategic Plan conducted in 2019 identified addressing capacity gaps in Public Expenditure and Finance Management (PEFM) as a priority area in the region. Balancing Control and Flexibility in Public Expenditure Management Using Banking Sector Innovations for Improved Expenditure Control and Effective Service Delivery Moritz Piatti-Fünfkirchen Ali Hashim Khuram Farooq Contact: Moritz Piatti-Fünfkirchen is the corresponding author and can be reached at mpiatti@worldbank.org. But, in actuality, it is related to the composition (the types of securities sold) and the refunding of the debt held by the public within a country. What Is The Main Objective Of Public Finance? Although public expenditure management system varies from one country to another, it necessitates (Campos, Pradhan, 1997, p.425) accomplishing some complicated and de-termined duties. Government participation is important when a country faces inflation or deflation. . 1. 2) The finance ministry possesses the expert knowledge in finance matters. expenditure management in the public sector was facilitated by the work (Review For the 2014 budget, MOF for the second time published a Citizens udget. It tries to analyse the impacts of these financial activities of government on individuals and corporate bodies. It pays high priority to transparency and accountability in utilizing and managing public funds. The last comprehensive reference books on public expenditure management topics were published more than ten years ago. Maintenance of army and provision for defence goods. Social Welfare. THE MAIN INSTRUMENTS FOR ASSESSMENTS 15. In other words, there is a financial management cycle in which: Earlier steps lead logically to later steps during the financial year. operational management aspects of the day to day running of the Finance Department of a municipality. 2. For such operations, the government uses fiscal tools like taxation, public expenditure and public debt. 1. Allen Schickii has identified three O bjectives of Public Finance. Development of transport and communication. The basic goals (principles) of public expenditure management are ac-complishing macro financial discipline, strategical priorities (productive source alloca- OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING. objectives. World Bank Public Expenditure . It monitors the phases of inflation and deflation which destabilize the economy and brings fluctuations in prices of goods or services. The major objectives of public expenditure are Administration of law and order and justice. underprivileged, the public sector's role is significant. . Promote the efficient delivery of services. clearly sets out the key goals and objectives of the PFM reforms and identifies the priority reform actions. The traditional economist held the view that state should not incur more expenditure. The main objectives of the EMCP are to bring about institutional and structural changes in public expenditure management so as to improve both its strategic and technical components. Improvements brought out in the management of public funds through PFMS beneficial impact on the management of state government public finance as well as efficient delivery of public services by the states. Discuss the objectives of public sector accounting; . PATHS2 project PEMR will produce a richer base of information on public expenditure systems for policymakers in Nigeria. In order to assess a PFM system, we first need to define its objectives - the final outcomes, by which . The need to address all three objectives of public expenditure management-fiscal discipline, strategic resource allocation, and operational efficiency—is emphasized in chapter 1. The development objective of the Public Expenditure and Investment Management Reform Project for Central African Republic is to improve management and transparency of public expenditures and public investments. It should also ensure operational efficiency by achieving maximum value for money in the delivery of services. public sector financial reporting systems if the objectives of the Nigeria Public sector reforms as provided for in the Fiscal Responsibility Act are to be achieved. Since then, the concept of public expenditure management has widened to become public financial management (PFM); the literature has expanded considerably; the global economic and financial crisis has highlighted the importance of governments developing strong . healthcare, etc. Fiscal decentralisation and the fiscal relationship between the Central Government, . 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