%PDF- %PDF-
Mini Shell

Mini Shell

Direktori : /var/www/html/geotechnics/api/public/pvwqg__5b501ce/cache/
Upload File :
Create Path :
Current File : /var/www/html/geotechnics/api/public/pvwqg__5b501ce/cache/65a32c80b6d8bcf36187cbf94a794a42

a:5:{s:8:"template";s:3196:"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">@font-face{font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Roboto'),local('Roboto-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxP.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;src:local('Roboto Black'),local('Roboto-Black'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmYUtfBBc9.ttf) format('truetype')} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em}/*! Source: https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/master/src/css/main.css */@media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}p{orphans:3;widows:3}} *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#23527c;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}h1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}h1{font-size:36px}p{margin:0 0 10px}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}html{height:100%;padding:0;margin:0}body{font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:120%;color:#222;background:#d2d3d5;background:-moz-linear-gradient(-45deg,#d2d3d5 0,#e4e5e7 44%,#fafafa 80%);background:-webkit-linear-gradient(-45deg,#d2d3d5 0,#e4e5e7 44%,#fafafa 80%);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#d2d3d5 0,#e4e5e7 44%,#fafafa 80%);padding:0;margin:0;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:fixed}h1{font-size:34px;color:#222;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;font-weight:900;margin:20px 0 30px 0;text-align:center}.content{text-align:center;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media(max-width:767px){h1{font-size:30px;margin:10px 0 30px 0}} </style>
<body>
</head>
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="inner">
<div class="header">
<h1><a href="#" title="{{ keyword }}">{{ keyword }}</a></h1>
<div class="menu">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">main page</a></li>
<li><a href="#">about us</a></li>
<li><a class="anchorclass" href="#" rel="submenu_services">services</a></li>
<li><a href="#">contact us</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

</div>
<div class="content">
{{ text }}
<br>
{{ links }}
</div>
<div class="push"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<div class="footer_inner">
<p>{{ keyword }} 2021</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:22399:"You could get ptosis as an adult when the nerves that control your eyelid muscles are damaged. What causes … These areas control the coordination of muscle movements. In the more severe circumstances, ptosis can cause the upper eyelid to sag enough to obstruct one’s vision. When it comes down to it, anything compromising the vision in either one of a child’s eyes during eye development can cause amblyopia. Dr. James Ferguson answered. If you are looking … Causes. The essential blepharospasm is a focal dystonia, or abnormal movement, produced by the part of the brain controlling movement. It is important for children with mild or severe drooping eyelid to get treatment as early in order to develop normal vision. Answer: Ptosis is a common problem with a couple of treatment options. The exact causes of eye twitching are unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal function of certain nerves located at the base of the brain. conjunctivitis. Causes. This infection produces general symptoms of eye irritation. Some of those factors are an allergic reaction, eye infection, migraines, and nerve issues. A sagging eyelid also called ptosis can block your vision and cause lazy eye. There is no a specific surgery for the lazy eye (amblyopia), this condition can be corrected through the ocular occlusion, optical or pharmacological penalization, pleoptic exercises, use of red filters and prisms. Below you will find some of the more common causes. Ectropion is the term used to describe an eyelid problem that causes an outward turning of an eyelid (usually the lower lid) that exposes the inner portion of the lid to air resulting in dry eye and dependency on lubricating eye drops, tearing, a gritty feeling in the eye, crusting, and discharge, and red, tired and burning eyelids. These are rich in caffeic acid as well as ascorbic acid. It occurs when images from one or both eyes are ignored by the brain due to being blurry, of poor quality, or because the eyes are misaligned. Peeling of the eyelid margin, which produces “dandruff” on the eyelashes. Prevention. Eyelid conditions or disorders include any type of inflammation, infection, benign and malignant tumors, and structural problems. Lazy eye surgery before after: I am concerned that my lazy eye and eyelid is going to get worse and that it is visible to others around me. Ptosis due to trauma can ensue after an eyelid laceration with transection of the upper eyelid elevators or disruption of the neural input. It can spread quickly … As she gets a little older, she may use her hand to cover the lazy eye to help focus. Ptosis (droopy eyelid) Ptosis is a common side effect following ocular surgery, especially if the eyelids were stretched into an open position for an extended amount of time. Thus the patient has two eyelid conditions that should be evaluated. Acquired ptosis Some of them are: Itchy, dry eyes. The position of the upper eyelid depends on the function of the muscles that lift the eyelid (the frontalis, Mueller’s muscle, and the levator palpebrae superioris or levator). While uncommon, this condition can occur when the levator muscle in the top eyelid has not developed properly. Eyelid lift surgery can repair drooping upper eyelids. Some of the immediate causes that give rise to such a situation are: Strabismus. What causes ptosis? Causes. Ptosis ( Ptosis is sometimes referred to as Blepharoptosis. Stroke. Amblyopia, known as lazy eye, is a developmental … By doing some research you are probably aware that the term for your situation is called ptosis, which is the drooping of the upper eyelid. The most common cause of droopy eyelids is age-related stretching and weakening of the levator muscle tendon—one of the workhorses that lifts the eyelid. It appears that you may have some ptosis (lowering) of your right upper eyelid. There are surgical procedures that can correct this condition. I wo... Causes and Remedies of Different Eye Size Ptosis or Droopy Eyelid. If one eyelid is swollen, a common cause is a chalazion, an obstructed gland along the rim of an eyelid. Considering that we blink some 15–20 times a minute, it’s not surprising that our eyelids might need a little help by the time they’ve reached a certain age. Orbital cellulitis. Also Read: Pain Behind Eye: Common Causes and Treatments. When the muscle is weakened, the upper eyelid has a hard time staying open all the way. Eyelid symptoms. How to fix a lazy eye these two exercises will help work on strengthening eye muscles and improving vision. Causes. Droopy eyelid or ptosis is when the upper eyelid droops downward due to problems with the levator muscle. What is excess eyelid skin called, and what causes eyelids to droop? This may be due to a nerve problem, trauma or other underlying cause. The most common cause of eyelid swelling is allergies, either by direct contact with the allergen (such as animal dander entering your eye) or from a systemic allergic reaction (such as a food allergy or hay fever). Eyelid inflammation (blepharitis) Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, causes redness, irritation; and itchy, crusty eyelids. Causes, Types, Diagnosis, and Surgery. Thank you for your question. The treatment would depend on the cause. For some, it can impair their vision and cause a lazy eye. The brain combines the signals from each eye into a three-dimensional image. In severe cases, surgery is needed right away to prevent "lazy eye" (amblyopia) . Occasionally, certain diseases or an injury to the eye or eyelid can cause the eyelids to droop and sag. The causes can include eyelid, facial, and/or orbit abnormalities, which they in and of themselves could be due to various causes. How Do I Fix my Lazy Eyelid? Here is a complete guide to what eyelid ptosis is, the causes and the treatments available: What Is Droopy Eyelid Ptosis. What causes ptosis? Symptoms of eyelid dandruff. A swollen eyelid can be caused by inflammation in the tissues around the eye. Diagnosing eyelid ptosis initially involves a physical exam and a review of the patient’s medical history. It should be treated as soon as possible. The retina translates the image into nerve signals that are sent to the brain. 2. Congenital ptosis can impair vision and cause amblyopia, sometimes known as … If vision is not affected, surgery can wait until age 3 to 4 when the child has grown a little bigger. The most common kind of ptsois occurs because as we all age, the tendon that attaches the levator muscle that lifts the eyelid can stretch and cause the eyelid to drop. When you lift the skin (photograph on the right), once can see the patient has ptosis. Eyelids that stick together, crusty eyelashes, dry, red or irritated eyes. Eyelid swelling may occur with other symptoms depending on the underlying disease, disorder or condition. When caused by surgery, ptosis will typically disappear on its own after a couple of months. There are a variety of factors that can cause droopy eyelids. Eyelid symptoms. You have right upper eyelid ptosis (droopy), which can be corrected by ptosis surgery. Please see an oculoplastic surgeon. Lazy eye. 1 Sometimes the condition is present at birth, referred to as congenital ptosis. The problem is also called ptosis. You will feel your eyelid muscles work while holding your stare. contact dermatitis. It causes … injury or overstretching eyelid muscles; eye surgery complications; Botox injection complications; Did you know that Congenital ptosis can also impair your vision and cause amblyopia, otherwise known as “lazy eye.” Causes can be do to overstretching the eye or eye damage due to excessive eye rubbing, eye surgery or use of contact lenses. Muscle imbalance One of the most common causes of a lazy eye is muscle imbalance. (photo) Doctor Answers, Tips from fi.realself.com This article explain what is lazy eye or ambylopia, its symptoms, types, treatment and exercises to fix lazy eye. Ptosis: A drooping eyelid can obstruct vision. In most cases, it is caused by weakness of the eyelid muscle or eye nerve problems. Disease or injury. Correct any lazy eyelid symptoms that you may experience when following instructive techniques to correct lazy eye symptoms! Frozen shoulder causes increasing pain and stiffness in the shoulder. For example, eyelid swelling due to a blocked oil gland (chalazion) may not be accompanied by any other symptoms; whereas, eyelid swelling due to a mild allergic reaction can be accompanied by sneezing and watery, itchy eyes.. Eyelid swelling happen often after facial injuries … 2. Aponeurotic ptosis: A recent study showed that there are many risk factors that contribute to lazy eye. Ptosis in Singapore: Droopy Eyelid Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Posted on August 23, 2018 April 16, 2021 by admin The medical term ptosis describes an eye condition in which the upper lid becomes droopy and covers part of the pupil, and it is quite common in Singapore. Ptosis is a condition where the eyelid starts to fall down below the normal level. While the cause of Congenital ptosis is often unclear, the most common reason is improper development of the levator muscle. Lazy eye begins early in childhood. Example: 1 eye presents a sharp image to the brain, 1 a fuzzy image. occurring later in life as a result of normal aging or a disease process) has several causes: 1. Commonly, lazy eye only develop in one eye. The eye is either more nearsighted or farsighted than the normal eye. Other causes of ptosis include eyelid neoplasms, neurofibromas or the cicatrization after inflammation or surgery. Low blood pressure (hypotension) Low blood pressure, or hypotension, can make you feel lightheaded and dizzy. Acquired ptosis (i.e. Eyelid ptosis occurs due to dysfunction of the eyelid-raising muscles or the nerves to these muscle. Complications of Droopy Eyelids. Sometimes symptoms of dry-eye occur right before or along with an eyelid twitch. A stroke occurs when blood and oxygen to the brain are cut off, and causes numbness, confusion, and more. Eyelid drooping is often a combination of both conditions. Dr. Allen explains lazy eye (amblyopia) and what causes it. The condition can also be caused when you have problems with the muscle in the eyelid. Without proper treatment, the condition can produce profound loss of vision that lasts a lifetime. blepharitis or dry eye syndrome. In many cases, eyelid drooping is caused by more serious conditions, such as a stroke, brain tumor, or cancer of the nerves or muscles. Your doctor can assist you to understand what causes the problem and have to visit eyelid surgery in OKC. Other ptosis complications may occur after droopy eyelid surgery. Mild ptosis may occur with aging. It causes wrinkling of the skin… An eyelid lesion is a growth that develops on the eyelid, this can be a serious tumor or just a benign lump. 13 June is celebrated as the International Albinism Awareness Day. Most of the time, it goes away by itself, and the six-month time period your doctor told you is supported by what I found in the published literature. This prevents light from focusing properly on the retina inside the eye, leading to blurry vision. Droopy eyelids, also known as ptosis, may be a cosmetic issue or even impair your vision. Ptosis may be caused by normal aging, injury to the eye, or eye disease. A lazy eye (amblyopia) happens when the vision of one of your eyes doesn’t develop the way it should. Treatment. While the cause of Congenital ptosis is often unclear, the most common reason is improper development of the levator muscle. Congenital Ptosis: Some people are born with the condition, and there may be genetic reasons why. It mostly occurs in older people, but in some cases, babies and children can also develop cataracts. Itchy, crusty or flaky after contact with something you're allergic to. A lazy eye is usually caused by an uncorrected vision problem, an eye misalignment, or by something blocking your vision, like a droopy eyelid or scar in front of the eye. Depending on … Exercise #1 for lazy eye fix: Sometimes this causes the weaker (lazy) eye to wander outward, inward this is called strabismic. Causes of Heavy Eyes and EyelidsEyestrain. One of the most common causes of a heavy feeling in the eyes and eyelids is eyestrain. ...Eye Injury. Injury to the eye can cause inflammation which may also cause a heaviness. ...Dry Eyes. ...Irritation. ...Allergies. ...Infections. ...Insomnia. ...Fatigue. ...Other Conditions. ... In most cases, it is caused by weakness of the eyelid muscle or eye nerve problems. Causes Of Lazy Eye. Atrial flutter. There could be many distinct causes ranging from natural to more severe circumstances for. Ptosis can be present in newborns due to genetics or it can develop over time due to the aging process. By Adam Debrowski When a child has a “droopy” eye on either one or both sides, it can be caused by a condition called ptosis. Gout. Atrial flutter is an abnormality of the heart's rhythm that causes rapid and sometimes irregular heartbeats. Tumors, neurological disorders, systemic diseases, and certain drugs have also been known to cause ptosis. The condition amblyopia, more commonly known as lazy eye, causes vision problems in around 2 percent of all infants. What Causes Droopy Eyelids?  Watery eyes, with a burning sensation. Try focusing on a flame or an apple. An eye weaker than the other, crossed eyes, amblyopia, is commonly called Lazy Eye - a condition where there is an abnormal development of vision. What causes ptosis? Astigmatism, a common defect in the shape of the eye’s cornea or lens, can also develop. ANSWER: Drooping eyelids, called ptosis, is fairly common after cataract surgery, happening about 10 percent of the time. Eyelid tumors, such as a neurofibroma, may cause ptosis. Here's how vr is used for vision therapy Home eye pain fact checked. Neurological disorders … conjunctivitis. Most of the time, it goes away by itself, and the six-month time period your doctor told you is supported by what I found in the published literature. Lazy eye occurs when the brain favors one eye over the other. The levator muscle is the major muscle responsible for elevating the upper eyelid. Multiple factors cause a droopy eyelid. Untreated ptosis can cause astigmatism, amblyopia (lazy eye), and other eye conditions. Light passes through the lens of each eye and reaches a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye called the retina. Eyelids that stick together, crusty eyelashes, dry, red or irritated eyes. Droopy Eyelid. Orbital cellulitis is an infection deep in the tissue of the eyelid. There are many causes, including age related weakening of the muscle, trauma, and congenital weakness. Dermatomyositis 1 Sometimes the condition is present at birth, referred to as congenital ptosis. The most common kind of ptsois occurs because as we all age, the tendon that attaches the levator muscle that lifts the eyelid can stretch and cause the eyelid to drop. Seat yourself comfortably and hold your head straight. Children with Congenital ptosis could also have amblyopia ("lazy eye"), strabismus (eyes that are not perfectly aligned or straight), refractive errors, astigmatism, or blurred vision. In some cases, droopy eyelid is caused by more serious conditions, such as a stroke, brain tumor, or cancer of the nerves or muscles. The most common cause of ptosis is a weakening of the attachment primary muscle that lifts the eyelid, the levator. Lazy eye occurs when the brain favors one eye over the other. It can affect one or both eyelids. Lazy eye occurs when the brain favors one eye over the other. Some of the contributing factors, which increase the risk of getting a lazy eye are: Premature birth In senile ptosis, the long-term affects of gravity and aging can cause stretching of a wide tendon like tissue that helps the levator muscle lift the eyelid. Would like to follow a simple exercise to treat lazy eye in adults? Damage to the nerves that control the muscles around the eyes can also cause droopy eyelids to occur. Possible causes. Non-working = lazy: Lazy eye refers to several issues that can cause the brain to quit accepting input from an affected eye, so it is not working =lazy. In this condition, the border of the upper eyelid falls to a. Lyme disease Make an appointment with an ocular plastic surgeon to tighten up the loose muscles that hold the eyelid open. Sometimes this can be billed to medic... In everyday vernacular, most people refer to excess eyelid skin as having “droopy eyelids.” Others refer to the condition as “Lazy eye,” although this nomenclature is more likely to be in reference to amblyopia (a weakness in the eye itself). Any condition that prevents the eye from focusing clearly can be the reason for Lazy eye. A foreign body sensation or grit in the eyes. Causes of Lazy eye. Amblyopia, often called “lazy eye”, is the leading cause of vision loss in children, with three to four out of every 100 children experiencing it. Over time, an infant will favor the other eye, further weakening the problem eye. One can also make the skin smooth and glowing with cucumber slices. Albinism is a rare, non-contagious and genetic disease characterised by a lack of pigmentation in … You shouldn't necessarily assume your contact lens history is the cause of your problem, especially because your history doesn't really explain your findings. contact dermatitis. These include eye injuries, glaucoma, corneal ulcer, congenital cataracts, or a drooping eyelid. Thank you for your question. By doing some research you are probably aware that the term for your situation is called ptosis, which is the drooping... Drooping anywhere on the body is … A droopy eyelid may be a normal variation in an individual or it may be due to a disorder such as a nerve problem, an eye infection (like a stye), an allergic reaction, migraine headaches, or an autoimmune condition called myasthenia gravis. Itchy, crusty or flaky after contact with something you're allergic to. The edge of the upper eyelid may be lower than it should be (ptosis) or there may be excess baggy skin in the upper eyelid (dermatochalasis). Aspirin poisoning The levator muscle is the major muscle responsible for elevating the upper eyelid. Astigmatism, or an irregular curve in the cornea, in one eye can also cause lazy eye. These causes of lazy eye can often be corrected with eyeglasses or contact lenses. To get this type of eyewear, you or your child will need to have your eyes examined and evaluated by an eye doctor, such as an ophthalmologist or optometrist. Lazy eye. Sticky, with red, itchy, watery eyes. If left untreated, ptosis and other eyelid problems can cause: “Lazy eye” (amblyopia): Inability of one eye to see well (in spite of glasses or other means) Eyesight problems such as astigmatism (poor eyesight caused by irregular eye shape) Eyesight is affected in both eyes as the brain has difficulty in processing the incongruent images received from the good and under-performing eyes. Squinting Signs of Blindness in Newborns Aging is the most common cause of ptosis that is not present at birth. Weakness or damage in any or all three of these muscles or their tendons can cause your eyelid to droop. Lazy eye. If you have droopy eyelids, the first thing you should do is schedule an appointment with your … Gout is a buildup of uric acid in the joints, causing joint pain, fever, and hot, red, swollen joints. Remedy #1 – Cucumber. Eyelid twitching may be triggered by:Alcohol intakeBright lightCaffeine excessFatigueIrritation of the eye surface or inner eyelidsSmokingStressWind or air pollution It mostly occurs in older people, but in some cases, babies and children can also develop cataracts. Congenital ptosis is present from birth and may have genetic causes. One such droopy eyelid cause is an inherited muscle disease called oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), a type of muscular dystrophy, which … ANSWER: Drooping eyelids, called ptosis, is fairly common after cataract surgery, happening about 10 percent of the time. Ptosis: A drooping eyelid can obstruct vision. blepharitis or dry eye syndrome. Lazy eyelid can be congenital, that means that the patient may have been born with this problem, or it can be acquired and due to the tissues aging, the lack of nervous stimulation in the muscle, the appearance of a cyst or a tumor or poor muscle function. Eyelid conditions. A lazy eye may also make one eyelid droop, or cause an infant to close one eye more often than the other. Here in this video i talk about how to fix a lazy eye. To prevent permanent loss of vision in a weak eye, the causes of lazy eye must be identified and treated as early as possible during childhood. What are the Symptoms of Eyelid Drooping? Possible causes. The brain chooses to keep the sharp image & quit "looking" at the other image. In some cases, ptosis also can be caused by a growth or stye in the eyelid. AgingOne of the most common causes of drooping eyelids is the age and it affects both sides. It causes wrinkling of the skin… Another name for amblyopia is “lazy eye.” Sometimes lazy eye is present first, and it causes strabismus.. How do I relax my eye muscles? Amblyopia (lazy eye), and possibly vision loss as a result, can develop when ptosis is severe. Ptosis causes The cause of ptosis can be chalked up to a problem with the muscles that lift the eyelids, called levators. Ptosis can usually be attributed to weakness in a muscle that controls the upper eyelid called the levator palpebrae superioris. Unfortunately, the reasons why the brain tends to ignore images from the lazy eye are unclear. Ptosis describes drooping of one or both eyelids and can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired. Cataract surgery can cause post-operative ptosis. There are many causes, including age related weakening of the muscle, trauma, and congenital weakness. Droopy eyelids can also be caused by trauma, surgery, or by damage to the muscles that raise the eyelids or to the nerves that control these muscles. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, treatment, outlook, and a stye looks like a pimple or a blister, usually along the outer rim of your eyelid. Trauma that damages your eyelid muscles or nerves can result in ptosis. ";s:7:"keyword";s:23:"what causes lazy eyelid";s:5:"links";s:995:"<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/what-causes-lazy-eyelid">What Causes Lazy Eyelid</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/good-aa-readings-for-meetings">Good Aa Readings For Meetings</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/ganaraska-forest-trail-map">Ganaraska Forest Trail Map</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/how-does-oscar-voting-work">How Does Oscar Voting Work</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/is-nottingham-going-into-tier-2">Is Nottingham Going Into Tier 2</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/restaurants-in-bethel-park">Restaurants In Bethel Park</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/krishna-musli-benefits">Krishna Musli Benefits</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/moghul-express-locations">Moghul Express Locations</a>,
<a href="https://api.geotechnics.coding.al/pvwqg/glendale-apartments-tonawanda%2C-ny">Glendale Apartments Tonawanda, Ny</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}

Zerion Mini Shell 1.0