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The storm’s name was retired after that. The storm developed near the Cape Verde Islands on September 9, tracking across the Atlantic and up the Eastern Seaboard. At one point in its life it was a Category 5,. From 1950 through 2017, only 14 hurricanes have passed within 200 nautical miles of the Big Island, Maui, Honolulu or Kauai, according to NOAA's historical hurricane database. This image is from Pawtuxet Village in Rhode Island. Marked by clashes with Natives and having been hit by a few hurricanes over the years, the town has a rocky history. Dubbed the “Long Island Express”, this storm led to 564 deaths and 1,700 injuries, while also destroying 9,000 homes and businesses and damaging an additional 15,000 structures. Philip R. Devlin , … Late in the evening on August 17 in 1969, Hurricane Camille made landfall along the Mississippi Gulf Coast near Waveland, MS. Camille is one of only FOUR Category 5 hurricanes ever to make landfall in the continental United States (Atlantic Basin) - the others being the 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, which impacted the Florida Keys; Hurricane Andrew in 1992, … Westerly, Rhode Island 8 months after Arlene. States included are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusettes, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island, Vermont. Hurricane Carol, a Category 3 storm that hit eastern Long Island and came ashore in Connecticut in 1954, mostly missed the city (even as it inundated downtown Providence, Rhode Island… The tropical storms that have formed have had winds of … The 1938 New England Hurricane was the last to impact New York City, where 10 people lost their lives. Anyone that’s lived in Rhode Island long enough knows that we’ve seen some pretty intense storms over the years. 3 Table 1. Rhode Island was one the, if not the hardest hit place from Tropical Storm Arlene. New England major hurricanes: Despite records showing six major hurricanes impacting New England in the 20th Century, the extension of hurricane analyses back to 1851 only show one major hurricane for the region in the second half of the 19th Century: 1869 hurricane which impacted Rhode Island and Connecticut. The largest loss of life from a hurricane is often caused by storm surge and flooding rather than the speed of the winds. Brief History. It’s waited a long time, come a long way, and wants to put on a show. The Nutmeg state has been hit hard many times, although it ranks 14th on the list of states most frequently hit by hurricanes. Cyclone Idai may have killed more than 1,000 people and left 400,000 homeless near the port city of Beira in the southeastern African nation of Mozambique. It’s no wonder people are still talking about it. The ones that manage to work their way up here tend to peter out. The average forward speed of hurricanes that strike New England is 33 mph, according to Vallee, but the Great New England Hurricane of 1938 peaked at 60 mph and hit Rhode Island at 51 mph. The earliest recorded hurricane hit New England in 1635. When a hurricane comes onto land it rapidly gets weak. “We’ve had a severe impact,” Blanchard said. None of the top five deadliest hurricanes in United States history were a Category 5 hurricane at landfall. Of the 297 hurricanes to make landfall in the US, 120 hit Florida — meaning the Sunshine State is affected by roughly 40% of all hurricanes. The historical storms featured in this interactive are some of the deadliest and costliest tropical cyclones that have occurred globally from the pre-1900’s to present day. The storm struck on September 23, 1815, and brought an 11 foot storm surge to Providence, which was the highest storm surge in the Rhode Island captial prior to the Great Hurricane of 1938, which had a 17.6 foot storm surge. It became a tropical storm over the tropical Atlantic the next day and a hurricane on September 1. Due to the increasing wind shear and cool sea surface temperatures (SST), tropical cyclones rarely ever affect this area at a strong intensity. The Hurricane of 1938. The following charts show the US shore line, by county, along the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean and how many hurricanes have made landfall in those counties for the period of 1900 to 2010. On September 21, 1938, one of the most destructive and powerful hurricanes in recorded history struck Long Island and Southern New England. August of 1955 the area was hit by two category 1 hurricanes. The peak of hurricane season occurs between mid-August and late October, when the waters in the equatorial Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico have warmed enough to help support the development of tropical waves. 8 out of 10 hurricanes were category 1 storms in CT; 1 out of 10 hurricanes was a category 3 storm in CT (1938) 1 out of 10 hurricanes was a category 2 storm in CT (Carol) 6 out of 10 hurricanes struck in September Statistics Wind, Damage, and Storm Surge statistics. In the Mid-Atlantic states, Elizabeth City, North Carolina reported 83 mph sustained winds, while Manteo, North Carolina reported a 120 mph gust. This season hasn’t had any hurricanes yet, which require sustained winds of 74 mph or higher. This list includes all tropical systems that have had an impact on New England, otherwise known as the American Northeast. Monday, August 19, 1991 (above) Standard-Times souvenir book on Hurricane Bob Major Hurricanes Along SouthCoast Are Rare - But The Memories Linger. PORTSMOUTH, R.I. — Many Common Fence Point residents understand that where they live is, as David Vallee recently put it, “ground zero as one of the most vulnerable shorelines in the state” should a Category 3 hurricane hit. A History of the Gale: Rhode Island's Brushes with Mother Nature's Fury - Cranston, RI - A look back at the different hurricanes that have hit the area over the last century. On the short list of hurricanes to hit New England, ... Westerly, Rhode Island, reportedly had to remake their old town hall into a morgue for the 74 people killed by the storm. Gusts can be up to 30% higher than the sustained winds. Little was left standing … Hog Island is washed away by the storm. Gulf Island has taken a hit from the drop in oil prices and slowdown of offshore drilling. Since then, Misquamicut has been hit with many hurricanes, destroying the beaches and surrounding homes. Many children died in the storm, drowned where they huddled in a library, or tossed about by the violent waves that crashed ashore. Like much of New England, Rhode Island was devastated by Hurricane Bob. The Narragansett Bay area was settled in 1635. Low vertical wind shear. The National Hurricane Center keeps track of all the major named storms that ravage the country, and while 2005 was a record year with 28 named storms, the overall trend is clearly on the rise. Rhode Island. Meanwhile, New Jersey has not been directly impacted by a hurricane in some 180 years, and is long overdue for one. A Terrifying, Deadly Storm Struck Rhode Island In 1938 And No One Saw It Coming. The storm is a Category 1 hurricane when it hits. So it starts to move south, creeping downward before changing course and hitting Rhode Island with a well-placed uppercut. The threat of hurricanes is very real for Florida during the six-month long Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 until November 30. The largest hurricane was Gloria in 1985. This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to November 30, 2020, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. The most recent was hurricane Sandy in 2012 which I actually got to experience myself. Previous storms that had impact on Maine are: Carol and Edna in 1954, Donna in 1960, Gloria in 1985, and Bob in 1991. This is the fewest number of hurricanes for a North Atlantic season since 1997. Hurricanes: Worst-case scenario many times worse than Sandy. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. Miami. Block Island, RI is in a high risk hurricane zone. The last major hurricane to hit the U.S. with no warning was the storm that slammed into Long Island and southern New England the afternoon of … Barbados has had very few hurricanes in the last 100 years. The hurricanes of 1938, 1944, 1954 were major hurricanes in Rhode Island. Of the nine hurricanes on record that have had a direct impact in Rhode Island, four have been major hurricanes, with sustained winds at the center of 111 mph or more. If you are in a "warning" area, be prepared to take the following actions: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. Rhode Island Joint Reinsurance Association: Insures homeowners and commercial property owners who have not been able to find coverage in the voluntary market. This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to November 30, 2020, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. Rhode Island has a few cliffs along the shore of its many beaches. Full Report available in PDF format. The following is a list of hurricanes that have directly affected the State of Rhode Island: Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635; 1815 Hurricane; Great New England Hurricane of 1938; Hurricane Carol, 1954; Hurricane Edna, 1954; Hurricane Gloria, 1985; Hurricane Bob, 1991; Hurricane Irene, 2011; Hurricane Sandy, 2012 Prudence Island and its smaller sister island, Patience Island, both lie within the municipal jurisdiction of the Town of Portsmouth in Newport County. Rhode Island Hurricane Insurance Protects Your Investments. An unmatched 12 named storms, including a record-tying six hurricanes, have made landfall in the United States in 2020, leaving few areas on the Gulf and East coasts untouched. The 1938 hurricane hit Long Island and then moved on to Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont, killing 600-800 people along the way. She had two Newport dates scheduled in April, both of which have been postponed by the coronavirus pandemic. Hurricane Bob caused a storm surge of 5 to 8 feet along the Rhode Island shore, but drove a surge of 10 to 15 feet into Buzzards Bay. Twenty-one have led to Alabama disaster declarations, including several that have become household names: Katrina, Irma, Camille. 22 Years After Bob, No Hurricanes Have Made Landfall In Mass. Hughes stated that major hurricanes have hit the New York region in 1635, 1815, 1821, 1893, and 1938. The total death count was only ten people, but many were left homeless or stranded by this storm. Three areas usually hit by hurricanes are the eastern coast of the US, Caribbean nations, and the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. By MLBaron Bob was the earliest known hurricane to impact SE New England.This was the first significant test for the New Bedford-Fairhaven Hurricane Barrier on it's 25th anniversary of completion in 1966. Significant Rhode Island Storm Events 1635 – 2004 A long time ago, way before South Florida was as built up as it is today and before the modern practice of naming tropical storms and hurricanes became … This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to November 30, 2020, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. The editing in this book is also quite good. The storm passed east of New York City but hit Long Island soundly. This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to November 30, 2020, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. In Maine, hurricanes don't happen often but they can be devastating when they do. From Katrina to Matthew, there are many notable hurricanes that have hit the United States mainland. Four Factors that Can Strengthen Tropical […] In May 13,1955 the cemetery stopped allowing people to be laid to rest there. The Georgia Hurricane of 1898. Hurricanes hit the Northeast coast about once every 10 years on average. Hurricane season, which runs from June to October, has started early this year. “We’ve had a severe impact,” Blanchard said. Newport’s historic connection to catastrophic weather events should be as obvious as its location. Hurricanes Hurricanes are huge storms that have intense, powerful winds and heavy rain. Hurricane deductibles are mandatory and deductibles may not exceed 5 percent and will vary by territory and by the Rhode Island … We continued our travels along Florida's gulf coast, heading northwest through what's known as the "Forgotten Coast". Hurricane season lasts from June 1 until November 30 each year. This interactive map, which contains data from January 1950 to November 30, 2020, pinpoints where a cyclone touched down and traces its path of destruction. Many devastating hurricanes have hit Florida over the years and it was a tough call, but Hurricane Andrew tops this list. The strongest hurricane on record to hit the coast of Georgia, the 1898 storm swept across Cumberland Island on October 2, with a 16 foot storm surge reported in Brunswick. There has been a lull of major hurricanes (cat 3 or higher) for about 45 years. Diane was the costliest hurricane of the 1950s, solidifying its place among the worst hurricanes in New England history. "It feels like right now we have some momentum and our mentality has gotten way better," linebacker Rayshard Ashby said. PROVIDENCE, R.I. (AP) — Rhode Island is expecting a more than 20% increase in the number of coronavirus vaccine doses shipped to the state beginning next … Category 1 hurricanes generate maximum sustained winds ranging from 74 mph to 95 mph, strong enough to knock down trees and power lines and cause some structural damage. Many hurricanes may cause flooding and can be dangerous. Reportedly it was the first major hurricane to have hit New England since 1869. Hurricanes form in warm water climates, and when they hit low pressure atmosphere, create a whirling storm of … From the blizzard of 78, to Hurricane Irene in 2011, every decade brings at least one incident of epic and devastating weather. By far the most severe hurricane to have struck the northeastern United States since 1900 was the Great New England Hurricane of 1938, otherwise known as the Long Island Express. UNITED STATES HURRICANES FROM 1851 TO 2004 (AND OTHER FREQUENTLY REQUESTED HURRICANE FACTS) by Eric S. Blake, Jerry D. Jarrell(retired) and Edward N. Rappaport NOAA/NWS/ Tropical Prediction Center Miami, Florida Christopher W. Landsea NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division Miami, Florida. The Providence Hurricane Barrier at Fox Point was built in 1960-66 to prevent this from happening again. The 1938 Hurricane of New England is the biggest Rhode Island disaster that has occurred as a result of the forces of Mother Nature over the years. It devastated many parts of New England, killing close to 700 people, and affected communities well inland from the coast. The 2018 Atlantic hurricane season has been noteworthy, as Florence and Michael, massive Category 4 storms, made landfall in the United States over a six week period. We will welcome your call and assist you quickly and thoroughly. Hurricanes miss land entirely sometimes. There were 330 people in the hospital, 83 in intensive care, and 59 were on ventilators. As a small state with a large waterfront, Rhode Island is susceptible to storm surges and extensive flooding. The Great Gale of 1815 was one of the three strongest hurricanes ever to hit Rhode Island. How many hurricanes have hit the US in 2020? In the late 1980s, the U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) misjudged a hurricane’s landfall location by an average of 350 miles when they made the prediction three days in advance. History reveals that New York and the Northeast have been hit hard before, and with little warning. Apr 18, 2017 - Explore Kristyn Johnson's board "Hurricane of 1938" on Pinterest. The tide was especially high because of the Autumn Equinox, and the hurricane was estimated to have storm surges of 14 to 18 feet. So, do not underestimate a lower category hurricane! The idea of hurricanes is very frightening and an interesting part of nature. Charley brought the strongest winds. Another name it goes by is “The Long Island Express”, this is because it suddenly accelerated to a forward motion of 60 to 70 mph, when it was 100 miles east of North Carolina. Both tropical storms and hurricanes … See more ideas about hurricane, new england, rhode island. The storm made landfall in Suffolk County, Long Island, on September 21, and continued through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and into Vermont and even Canada. Other notable storms that have devastated the state in the past were Hurricane Rita in 2005, Hurricane Carla in1961 and the infamous 1900 Galveston hurricane. This is the hurricane all other Northeast hurricanes have been measured too. 0–9. Deadliest storms. Barely more than a year after Sandy, hurricanes remain the natural disaster that Rhode … By noontime, the skies that held such promise just … The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. The storm did an estimated $100 million in damage in Rhode Island alone. The hurricane which struck Georgia in 1898 had little advance warning preceding its landfall. With 138 mph gusts, this Category 3 hurricane was arguably the worst storm to ever hit New England. If You Are in a "Warning" Area. Hurricanes and tropical storms have been recorded in New England since the 17th century.But such storms have hit the region since long before then. Both types of storms are also deadly as tornadoes cause large amounts of destruction with strong winds and hurricanes lead to massive flooding issues. With a location just south of the hurricane belt, the island misses the strongest weather. Have on hand an extra supply of cash. A hurricane also supposedly struck Staten Island in November, 1950, and it was the worst storm to hit there. Ana, still a subtropical storm, sits hundreds of miles off the U.S. east coast. A gust of 217 km/h (135 mph) was recorded at Block Island, RI – the highest ever recorded at that location. Sustained winds between 130-160 km/h (80-100 mph) were experienced over eastern Connecticut, all of Rhode Island and nearly all of eastern Massachusetts. Then, within two weeks of each other, hurricanes Irma and Maria struck the island, causing widespread destruction, power outages and nearly 3,000 deaths. The largest hurricane was Unnamed in 1938. If I were to guess what a Las Vegas odds maker would find, I think he’d find the short odds hitting Long Island are still about 50 to 1. Category 4 hurricanes have maximum sustained winds of 113–136 knots (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h). " This storm may have happened almost 80 years ago, but it is still terrifying. On January 7th, Winter Storm, Tropical Storm, Hurricane, and Blizzard watches were issued for most the state, with all of them but the hurricane watch turning into warnings by the next day. Meanwhile, New Jersey has not been directly impacted by a hurricane in some 180 years, and is long overdue for one. Rhode Island. While Sandy caused significant damages in Rhode Island, the 1938 Hurricane eclipses the 2012 event in wind speed, height of storm surge, and overall strength. A hurricane also supposedly struck Staten Island in November, 1950, and it was the worst storm to hit there. The storm twice made landfall in Rhode Island as a Category 2 hurricane, making it the last hurricane to directly hit the Ocean State. August 19, 2013 at 1:50 pm. The worst hurricanes to hit Massachusetts from 1900-2000, in reverse date order, are: Hurricane Bob in 1991; "the twins" from 1954, Hurricanes Carol and Edna; and last but not least, the Great New England Hurricane of 1938. Hardest hit was Rhode Island where 433 residents died (most from the storm surge) and where the author Scotti later grew up. "I remember having that same feeling of stress," said Sancomb, who lives in South Kingstown. A Category 3 hurricane aptly named “Eastern New England” made landfall in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts all the way back in 1869. These hurricanes affected Rhode Island. Over the past thirty years, we have gotten dramatically better at predicting the tracks of hurricanes—what paths they will follow and where they will hit land. Some tropical cyclones that have impacted New England have resulted in fatalities in the region. The Great New England Hurricane of 1938. September 6, 1869: A hurricane brushes Long Island while hitting Rhode Island. Pre-existing disturbance. New England's "hurricane of the century" is still one of the worst disasters to ever hit the state of Rhode Island. Both hurricanes flooded downtown Providence with more than six feet of water. When 3 Hurricane Paths Crossed One Spot in Central Florida. The last Category 3 hurricane to hit Rhode Island was Carol in … Unstable Conditions. It also has 36 islands and a 40 mile coastline. See a list of all of the Official Weather Advisories, Warnings, and Severe Weather Alerts for Providence, RI. Major hurricanes seem to hit in cycles. While snow is not expected to occur during the storm, you can find some of the essential tips to take on how to prepare for a hurricane , such as Hurricane José, before it hits. ICYMI: Rhode Island was up to 9,477 confirmed coronavirus cases on Sunday, and 320 residents had died. ... Bob hit Newport, Rhode Island at 2 p.m. before stretching out … Massachusetts and Virginia have both been hit with 12 hurricanes apiece, but Massachusetts has experienced the lone major hurricane of the two. You’d also have to give short odds to these 50-mile stretches that are out into the Atlantic in open water. They won 42-35 in Miami last weekend, and beat Rhode Island 34-17 on Saturday. But the many anecdotes of shelter shortcomings suggest that Florida has lost ground in instilling the "culture of preparedness" that former Gov. Minimal damage results from the storm. Due to climate change, tough decisions will need to be made about resilience investment measures around the state in the coming decades. On Long Island, an evacuation was ordered for South Shore, including areas south of Sunrise Highway and north of Route 25A and in elevations of less than 16 feet (4.9 m) above sea level on the North Shore. And in 2020, the state was hit with a record-breaking 30 storms. Moving at unprecedented speed, the hurricane raced toward Long Island and New England. The largest loss of life from a hurricane is often caused by storm surge and flooding rather than the speed of the winds. Hurricane Irma, now a Category 5 hurricane, is a Cape Verde-type hurricane, and those kinds of storms have a reputation for making landfall in the United States, among them Ivan and Hugo. The names “Connie” and “Diane” have been retired. Driving along a quiet and relatively undeveloped section of coastline between St. Marks and Mexico Beach, we paused at the small towns of Eastpoint, Apalachicola (to hang out with friends), Port St. Joe, St. George Island, Cape San… Thanks to its location on the Gulf Coast, Alabama has found itself in the bullseye of catastrophic hurricanes far too many times. The company could have new opportunities in the form of offshore wind projects in the Gulf of Mexico. It brought winds in … So, do not underestimate a lower category hurricane! Florida experienced its hottest YTD, while Arizona, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Rhode Island saw their third hottest. Hurricanes follow the path of Ocean Currents but New England only gets hit by hurricanes once or twice every decade so Rhode Island doesn't get many hurricanes. The year-to-date average temperature for the contiguous U.S. was 57.3 degrees F — 2.3 degrees above the 20th-century average and the sixth-warmest YTD on record. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. Categorized as a three on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the Great New England Hurricane hit Westerly, RI on September 21, 1938. Hurricanes: Development Warm ocean waters of at least 78°F (26°C) At least 5° latitude from the equator. New England has experienced many severe hurricanes throughout its history, although the last major storms were in the mid-1950s. In New England, Block Island, Rhode Island reported 95 mph sustained winds with gusts to 130 mph. 4 out of 10 hurricanes that produced hurricane conditions in Connecticut made landfall in either Rhode Island or Massachusetts. In Rhode Island – the 1938 to 1955 period had the most major hurricanes. Yes, there were hurricanes back then too, long before the evils of the internal combustion engine. The Buzzards Bay shore east to Cape Cod was hardest hit. It has weakened to a Category 2 hurricane, but it doesn’t need extreme wind and bluster to have a grand finale; it just needs water. Hurricane season runs from June 1 until November 30. 2. In Rhode Island, a school bus, including children and driver, was washed out to sea and lost. The storm quickly crossed the island and made a second landfall at Old Saybrook, CT. In contrast, Hurricane Sandy did not hit the state directly, and was technically a Post-tropical Cyclone when it impacted Rhode Island. A wedding photographer in Rhode Island for the past 17 years, Sancomb has learned one thing when it comes to weddings — anything can happen. The New England States are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont Storm surge flooding occurred along the New England coast from Long Island northward, with water depths of 8 to 10 ft reported in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. Hurricanes are tropical cyclones which have sustained winds of 74 mph. This article quotes from three histories containing descriptions of the Great Gale of 1815’s impact on Newport, Providence, Narragansett, South Kingstown, and Tiverton. There were 330 people in the hospital, 83 in intensive care, and 59 were on ventilators. Grenada is overall low risk, with some exceptions. On September 13, 2008, Ike hit Galveston Island, Texas, as a Category 2 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph. Coastal beaches and cities were bombarded with up to 50-foot tidal waves, which dragged people and entire buildings out to sea. The front entrance is in Rhode Island but the majority of it is in Massachusetts. 40 hurricanes have been recorded in the Block Island, RI since 1930. There were 330 people in the hospital, 83 in intensive care, and 59 were on ventilators. What are the 5 things a hurricane needs to form? CBS. At this point a hurricane reaches Category 1 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which has a range of 1 to 5, based on the hurricane's intensity at the time of landfall at the location experiencing the strongest winds. The house was sold, and later divided up into condominiums. But the many anecdotes of shelter shortcomings suggest that Florida has lost ground in instilling the "culture of preparedness" that former Gov. There have been 97 major hurricanes since then, 88% of which have hit either Florida or Texas. Hurricane Bob. As tropical storm warnings have been issued for the majority of Connecticut and Rhode Island, they are expected to hit around 8 PM on Wednesday, September 19, 2017. Hughes stated that major hurricanes have hit the New York region in 1635, 1815, 1821, 1893, and 1938. Located just east of the Caribbean hurricane route, this is a good island to visit. Over the centuries nearly a dozen hurricanes have directly hit Rhode Island. The event was life-changing for Roque in many ways. Each customer is exceedingly important to us, so join the scores of satisfied customers who have been helped by Rhode Island Restoration RI. None of the top five deadliest hurricanes in United States history were a Category 5 hurricane at landfall. Donna followed a general west-northwestward track for the following… Hurricanes and tropical storms have been recorded in New England since the 17th century.But such storms have hit the region since long before then. Over 30 people are killed. Prudence Island is partially developed with a summer cottage community with a population of over 1,000 people. Read More. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has been tracking tornadoes for decades. ICYMI: Rhode Island was up to 9,477 confirmed coronavirus cases on Sunday, and 320 residents had died. It caused fires in Boston, flooded many towns in Connecticut and Rhode Island, wrecked 1,000 miles of coastline, and caused 400 million in damage. Little was left standing … An average season has 11 named storms, six hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. Both types of storms have hit the Houston area before and as many experienced with Hurricane Harvey in 2017, hurricanes and tornadoes can cause very serious damage very quickly. 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