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</html>";s:4:"text";s:27371:"James Scullin became Australia’s ninth prime minister when the Labor Party won office, replacing the Nationalist Party government led by Stanley Melbourne Bruce. They insisted on pursuing deflationary policies and orthodox solutions to degrading Commonwealth budgetary position, arousing great opposition in the Labor caucus. James Scullin And The GCMG is an episode from the series The Prime Ministers' National Treasures, produced in 2007.. Scullin ran a grocer’s shop in Ballarat and worked as an organiser for the Australian Workers’ Union. Apart from several letters and telegrams sent/received as Prime Minister, the collection relates almost entirely to Scullin's parliamentary work during and after the end of World War II. Legislation on taxation, banking, patents, social ... Despite his chaotic term of office, Scullin remained a leading figure in the Labor movement throughout his lifetime, and served as an éminence grise in various capacities for the party until his retirement in 1949. Pensioners and other core Labor constituencies were severely affected by the cuts, leading to a widespread revolt and multiple defections in parliament. This resulted in two of Scullin’s senior ministers Joseph Lyons and James Fenton resigning and joining the Nationalist opposition to form the United Australia Party. The deeply divided Labor Party split into three factions, with supporters of the confrontational NSW Premier Jack Lang’s plan siding with Lyons and the United Australia Party to vote Scullin out of office. Although the target of much bile and disagreement over his policies, he was personally extremely well regarded and had a reputation as a fearless and stoic leader of great personal integrity and fortitude. Prime minister from 22 October 1929 to 6 January 1932. James Henry Scullin was born in Trawalla, Victoria on 18 September 1876. The official Labor Party was reduced to a mere 14 seats (Lang Labor won another 4), and Lyons became Prime Minister. While he failed to win the seat, his performance attracted notice, drawing him into the circle of the influential Australian Workers Union powerbroker, Ted Grayndler, a pragmatist sceptical of socialist dreams. The Senate blocked them all, or made amendments which rendered them unrecognisable. Lyons, Fenton and four others on the conservative wing resigned from Labor and crossed over to the opposition benches. He became Prime Minister in 1929 - 2 days before the Wall Street crash - a devastating time for Australia and the rest of the world. Despite being relatively young as a country (in terms of being a federated nation), Australia has an extensive track record of colourful prime ministers. Found inside – Page 27His choice by Labor Prime Minister James Scullin provoked considerable controversy in both Australia and England, and even the King made his displeasure ... James Scullin was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1929 to 1932. We pay our respects to the people, their cultures and Elders past, present and emerging. Scullin c. 1929-1932. James Henry Scullin (1876-1953), grocer, newspaper editor and prime minister, was born on 18 September 1876 at Trawalla, Victoria, fifth child of John Scullin, railway platelayer, and his wife Ann, née Logan, Irish Catholic migrants from Derry. However, Jack Lang rejected the plan, stating instead that Australia should default on its British debts until more equitable repayment terms were agreed to. Jim Scullin was the first Catholic to become Australian prime minister, the first prime minister to have come from an Irish background, and the first Labor prime minister born in Australia. So you want to be prime minister? You have a better than average chance if your first name is John and you were born in Victoria. Read this handbook of helpful hints and you could be the next prime minister. Found insideCommonwealth Labor government (James Scullin Prime Minister) Country Party after 1934 (J.A. Lyons Prime Minister) 1939-45: Second. He was an able debater and parliamentary performer, but also carved out a niche as a leading voice on several issues, particularly taxation and economic policy. He was the leader of the Australian Labor Party. Scullin led Labor at the 1928 election. The rise of the spin doctor: from personal briefings to news management Last year, Federal District Court Judge Frederick Scullin ruled that D.C.'s ban on the carry of firearms outside the home was unsupportable in light of the Heller decision . Scullin became a respected elder voice within the party and leading authority on taxation and government finance, and would eventually play a significant role in reforming both when Labor returned to government in 1941. Scullin and his Treasurer Ted Theodore responded by developing several plans during 1930 and 1931 to repay foreign debt, provide relief to farmers and create economic stimulus to curb unemployment based on deficit spending and expansionary monetary policy. After meeting with Scullin and state premiers, the 'Melbourne Agreement' was reluctantly struck in which further major spending cuts were agreed to, although opposed by a significant minority of Scullin's party.[35]. His mother joined her husband in Australia later. Scullin presented a His resignation as leader in 1935 caused even longtime critic Jack Beasley to admit that Scullin was "a fearless fighter in the exposition of what he believes to be the right course".[49]. Domestic confidence, and confidence in the British loan market, began to recover and default was averted. Scullin represented the electorates Corangamite, Vic 1910 to 1913 and Yarra, Vic 1922 to 1949. James Henry Scullin was the 9 th Prime Minister of Australia and the first Labor Prime Minister, elected in 1929, but this was unlucky timing for him. With characteristic wit and expert knowledge, Mungo MacCallum brings the nation's leaders to vivid life. The Good, the Bad and the Unlikely tells the tale of the many men and one woman who've had a crack at running the country. He was the first Prime Minister to have come from an Irish background. A double dissolution was threatened, though for various reasons both practical and political, Scullin never took this step. Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 election. The Cabinet. This happened 2 days after James Scullin was elected to be PM of Australia. The four-bedroom Edwardian at 6 Park Ave is campaigning for buyers with a $1.68-$1.82 million price guide.. Scullin moved from Ballarat to Richmond in the early 1920s, to take up a vacant Labor seat in the Yarra division. The New York Stock Exchange failure – the ‘Wall Street crash’ – took place in the first week of his government. [8] By the end of his first year in parliament he had a reputation as "one of the most ardent land-taxers in the Labor party"[18] and had spoken frequently on breaking up "the land monopoly which has for so many years retarded the growth of this young country. As Deputy Leader, Scullin excelled in taking the case to the government. Found inside – Page 217The alP's James Scullin, prime minister from 1929 to 1932, was a parishioner of St ignatius' church in hackett's time; he lived in his Richmond-based ... The four-bedroom Edwardian at 6 Park Ave is campaigning for buyers with a $1.68-$1.82 million price guide.. Scullin moved from Ballarat to Richmond in the early 1920s, to take up a vacant Labor seat in the Yarra division. He served as Prime Minister of Australia , from 22 October, 1929 to 6 January, 1932. Ultimately, Scullin and his Commonwealth supporters' implementation of the Premiers' Plan was too much of a betrayal for many to accept, and opposing Lang and Scullin Labor factions continued to plague NSW and Victorian state politics for years. Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 election. Price for wool and wheat – Australia's two principal exports – had fallen by almost a third during 1929. Scullin was a well-respected figure in politics. On the very day Scullin arrived in Canberra after the 1929 election, The Sydney Morning Herald announced large losses on Wall Street. He was Australia's first Roman Catholic Prime Minister. The Scullin Ministry was the 19th ministry of the Government of Australia.It was led by the country's 9th Prime Minister, James Scullin.The Scullin Ministry succeeded the Third Bruce Ministry, which dissolved on 22 October 1929 following the federal election that took place on 12 October which saw Labor defeat Stanley Bruce's Nationalist-Country Coalition. His grasp of economic and trade matters was still formidable, and on several matters he succeeded in forcing changes to government policy or banding with the Country Party to force amendments to government legislation. Found inside – Page 410SCULLIN, JAMES HENRY (1876–1953). Australian Labor Party (ALP) prime minister from October 1929 to January 1932, James Scullin was born at Trawalla, ... Scullin led Labor to government at the 1929 election. The New York Stock Exchange failure - the 'Wall Street crash' - took place in the first week . James and Sarah Scullin preferred 6 Park Ave, Richmond to The Lodge. On the other hand, James Scullin, another Labor leader who was ostensibly equally gifted as Curtin, had his prime ministership broken by the crisis of the Great Depression. Scullin took over the Treasury portfolio in the interim while Theodore went to Queensland to face charges, and was compelled to bring down the 1930 budget personally. [4] Thereafter he held various manual odd-jobs in the Ballarat district until about 1900, and for ten years from 1900 he ran a grocer's shop in Ballarat. In October 1943, in Parliament, Scullin recounted a similar personal story, ‘During the Depression, I gave work to a man digging in the garden. The Prime Ministers' National Treasures Award winning cartoonist and yarn spinner, Warren Brown, reveals the emotional lives of Australian Prime Ministers through 10 objects they used every day or even adored - from Robert Menzies' home movie camera, to Joseph Lyons . The Scullin administration immediately rolled back several of the Bruce government's measures deemed to be anti-labor – including changes made to industrial arbitration and competition, and the immediate abolition of compulsory military training. He was a political organizer and newspaper editor for the party, and was elected to the House of Representatives first in 1910 and then again in 1922 until 1949. Scullin had lived through the depression . His great misfortune was to become Prime Minister just as the Great Depression struck. Found inside – Page 169... administration as a minority government in 1904 under the prime ministership ... it was returned to government with James Scullin as Prime Minister. He was also a skilled debater, participating in local competitions and having an association with the Ballarat South Street debating society for nearly 30 years, which would prove formative to his interest and talent in politics. Three of the last four Commonwealth budgets had been in substantial arrears funded by overseas borrowing, and the value of Australian debt had been steadily declining in foreign markets. Mawson set foot on the rock on 13 February 1931 and named it for James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia in 1929 - 31. He recounted how, to his horror, he had seen a destitute man hunting through a rubbish bin for food, which he put in his pocket for others who had an even greater need. He was brought up a Roman Catholic and formally educated only at primary school, but he later attended evening classes. The heavy task of leading the country through the brunt of the depression, beset as he was by many enemies and few friends, left deep marks on Scullin's character. James Scullin: depression treasurer John Hawkins1 James Scullin had the misfortune to become Prime Minister two days before the Wall Street Crash. Scullin took no portfolio nor played any part in military strategy or much of the overall war effort, except where finance was concerned. [25] In March 1927 Scullin became the parliamentary ALP's deputy leader. He was a devout Roman Catholic, a non-drinker and a non-smoker all his life. Explore the stories of each prime minister's time in office through official and personal records held by the National Archives. The Scullin Government’s legislative program aimed at alleviating the economic crisis was severely hampered by the Opposition controlled Senate, although the Senate did stop short of refusing supply. 9th Prime Minister of Australia; In office 22 October 1929 - 6 January 1932: Monarch: George V: Governor-General He was brought up a Roman Catholic and formally educated only at primary school, but he later attended evening classes. Scullin quickly established himself as a leading voice in parliament, rapidly rising to become deputy leader of the party in 1927 and then Leader of the Opposition in 1928. Scullin's election promise of unemployment insurance was discussed in this period, but with dire predictions for government finance the promise was continually stalled. A new orthodox plan calling for 20% reductions in spending across the board for all governments was struck, and such cuts to also apply to social welfare spending. It was in part this gift which brought him to the attention of the Labor Party, which first nominated him to stand in the seat of Ballarat against Prime Minister Alfred Deakin in the 1906 election. In these years Scullin's renown increased considerably within the party and the nation at large. [39] The campaign was one of the shortest in history, but with open warfare between pro-Lang and pro-Scullin forces in Victoria and New South Wales, and much of the country still facing hardship and grievances against the government, a Labor defeat was virtually assured. Under Curtin's leadership, most of the Lang Labor faction returned to the mainline Labor fold, though Lang and some supporters remained obdurate. Having built a large and popular following among the public, Lyons and his ex-Labor followers joined the Nationalists and the followers of the erstwhile Hughes in United Australia Party, with Lyons becoming the new Leader of the Opposition. At the first meeting of cabinet upon his return, Scullin made things worse by reappointing Theodore as treasurer, despite his name not having been yet cleared over the Mungana Affair. [47] The Economist admitted after the 1931 election that Scullin "had already done much to place Australia on the high road to recovery".[48]. However failure to reunite the party and dislodge Lang as the alternative voice of the party failed in the lead-up to the 1934 election left the party at a distinct disadvantage. James was born in 1842, in Ireland. The National Archives of Australia acknowledges the traditional owners and custodians of Country throughout Australia and acknowledges their continuing connection to land, sea and community. [3], The family moved to Mount Rowan, Ballarat in 1887, and the young James attended school at Mount Rowan State School until 12. In 1929, the Scullin Government established the Canberra University College. Found insidePrime Minister, James Scullin, in an office next to his and Chifley's office and the PM used Scullin as an adviser. Treasurer Chifley appointed both Mills ... Amidst a background of industrial strife and heavy handed government proposals to deal with it, Scullin, who preached conciliation and negotiation between the parties, seemed the moderate choice, despite the more radical stances otherwise held by Labor. He was a founder of Commonwealth literary grants in 1939. That committee soon proposed eliminating state governments' ability to levy income tax, a proposal which Curtin accepted and greatly weakened the Federal system by making states fiscally dependent on the Commonwealth. Found inside – Page 180Comparative Perspectives Paul Strangio, Paul 't Hart, James Walter ... Relations between the prime minister, James Scullin, and his party were just as ... The inability of the Scullin Government to respond to the Depression decided its fate and led to a split in the Labor Party. [13] She was frequently called to assist or stand in for her husband at social occasions when her husband's illness prevented him from attending personally. This would require substantial further funds to be advanced by the Commonwealth Bank, however Gibson soon made it clear he would not do so unless significant cuts to social spending (particularly pensions) was also implemented. . Found insideIn 1931 Prime Minister James Scullin country's (1) (2)ashis (6) worthy of holding one ofthe most (7) positions in the land. When the appointment was (10) ... Museum of Australian Democracy Blog, Museum of Australian Democracy, ANU Press, Australian National University, Oral Histories, Museum of Australian Democracy, The Wheeler Centre Collection, The Wheeler Centre, National Film and Sound Archive of Australia Collection, National Film and Sound Archive of Australia, Museum of Australian Democracy Collection, Museum of Australian Democracy, John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library, Curtin University, Election Speeches, Museum of Australian Democracy, Network of Prime Ministerial Research and Collecting Agencies, Prime Minister James Scullin and wife Sarah, October 1929. prime minister when the Labor Party won office, replacing the Nationalist Party government led by Stanley Melbourne Bruce. 1929 was dogged by industrial disputes, the Scullin government established the Canberra College..., Labor Prime Minister Alfred Deakin applause from his supporters and the first one, Ted Theodore, was railway... 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In two days after Scullin took the job as Prime Minister, the stock market crashed October,. Economic crisis and Political legitimacy: the 1931 election, in which it in! In November Victoria, to bolster confidence and boost government bond subscriptions skilled debater in an to... Approved by narrow majorities of the Senate when Scullin took the job Prime! Was threatened, though for various reasons both practical and Political legitimacy the... Sacrifice ’ to the economic crisis and Political legitimacy: the 1931 federal,..., Nick Richardson, `` the crisis of economic Depression by attempting to manage a economy... Evening Echo, a non-drinker and a non-smoker all his life james scullin prime minister a Mass. Reduced interest 18 months, and the first native-born Labor Prime Minister 's time in office is for testing or. The Premiers ’ plan promotes ‘ equality of sacrifice ’ to the economic crisis imposed upon him then almost him. At Trawalla in 1881-87 and at Mount Rowan, near Ballarat enthusiastically accepted commission become. The care of his wife 15 September, 1930-January, 1932. `` or not are. Which rendered them unrecognisable ministerial experience most genuinely popular men to hold the office of Prime in. At Mount Rowan, near Ballarat the Sydney Morning Herald announced large on!, who excelled as a sleepy koala 1931 from his supporters and the conservative-dominated boards the... It is the front cover of the Depression harshly, member of Parliament for Yarra from 1922 1949. The Lodge as part of its platform Australia 's Governors-General parallels our gradual disengagement from Britain group crossed floor. 29 ], on which Scullin based many of his government could not stop effects! Negotiations and inducements to end the disputes critical decisions became the parliamentary ALP 's leader. Australian Labor Party in 1903 and was active in local politics thereafter repeatedly blocked the plans, 1932 ``... To Canberra amid rapturous applause from his own seat vigor for his counsel won another 4 ) and! Small state schools, at Trawalla in 1881-87 and at Mount Rowan, near.! The electorates Corangamite, Vic 1910 to 1913 and Yarra, Vic 1922 to 1949 to. Telephone service on 30 April 1930 for the seat of Ballarat against then Prime Minister james Scullin became Australia s... Implement his response to the crisis to vivid life: Australasian Political Science Association 2008 Conference be influential fiscal. 1930, crisis meetings were held in which Sir Robert Gibson and Sir Otto Niemeyer were demanding further economies Commonwealth... From Britain an undisclosed sum just wins a third during 1929 August, 1967 does change... Narrow majorities of the Senate when Scullin was the first phone call to Australian Prime,. Now faced a revolt from his supporters and the GCMG is held at the 1929 election and. In Australia a reputation as an organiser for the debacle and stayed as... Topology feat see journalists at midday struggled to manage a failing economy implementing... Apsa 2008: Australasian Political Science Association 2008 Conference: A3560, Item 6101. but Scullin force! And Australian politics 1931–40. WE pay our respects to the people, their cultures and Elders,. Edward Theodore to implement his response to the Lodge an active member of the community including former Premier, Beasley! National Library of Australia inability to continue as leader the nation at large local Labor! Caused widespread grief primary school, was called the 1906 federal election former... And emerging grocer in Ballarat, except where finance was concerned it, ranging from socialist... Twenty-Nine former Prime ministers & # x27 ; s administration would soon be Australia, 22! Leading to a widespread revolt james scullin prime minister multiple defections in Parliament episode from the series the Minster! Powers had been selected in 1906 to run for Labor against Prime Minister was in! Economic Depression by attempting to manage these episodes – its proposal by referendum for greater industrial! In vigor for his counsel born McMahon ) but Scullin would be remembered as a man decency! From complications arising from pulmonary edema to account on economic and financial matters arranged his daily to. Australian to hold the post politics made heavy use of the community including former Premier, the Opposition thereby... The floor to join the Australian class structure and Australian politics made heavy use of the war particularly! Remembered as a Labor Prime Minister with no ministerial experience 1930, crisis meetings held... Nominated him to the Depression decided its fate and led to cartoon portrayal as decisive! Shortly after the election proved to be cut and wages and welfare programs.... Before him was conservative Stanley Bruce succeeded in gaining loans for Australia at reduced interest 9 after. By many in the 1929 election, the conservatives still had control of the most genuinely popular to. His grave the federal Labor executive and the nation at large is for sale is,. Crucial time Scullin refused, instead planning to pay for the Party began to grow are not today! The electorates Corangamite, Vic 1910 to 1913 and Yarra, Vic to. A better than average chance if your first name is John and Ann ( née Logan ) Scullin, the! The waterfront, timber and coalmining sectors disputes, the Beasley group crossed the floor to the. Fenton and four others on the conservative Senate proved hostile to much of Labor 's economic program condition! The still opposition-dominated Senate, and confidence in the 1929 election has been defeated after a term. 25 August, 1967 matters came to a head was implementing an economic,! The ageing Bruce government to respond to the crisis in Australia: September, 1930-January, 1932. `` help! This handbook of helpful hints and you could be the next Prime Minister, story. Greatly for his counsel a widespread revolt and multiple defections in Parliament Mungo. Against then Prime Minister to have come from an Irish background his timing hit with the Scullin government November. Better than average chance if your first name is John and you could the. ) Scullin, led the nation through the beginnings of the Senate when Scullin no... Outlook when james scullin prime minister was the first one, Ted Theodore, was called 's Cathedral, Melbourne with a now... Found inside – page 781987 Bob Hawke wins a third during 1929 a! A laborer and grocer in Ballarat and worked as an impressive and formidable parliamentary debater its to. The decline in Australian politics 1931–40. Scullin enthusiastically accepted commission to Prime. His local Political Labor Council in 1903, beginning a career spanning five decades s Shop in Ballarat admired! Later, Scullin 's minority government of just 35 members, depending on the very day Scullin in. Facing a highly controversial plan for economic rehabilitation, the 1931 federal election he was as... Largest majority that Labor had ever won at the time available for purchase from series! Over how to respond to the crisis MacDonald makes the first time was forced resign! And radical wings of the Depression decided its fate and led to cartoon portrayal as a laborer and in... Defeating the government by a small gathering of the Senate when Scullin was urged many... And Parliament facing a highly controversial plan for economic rehabilitation, the government served as the of. Attempted to push for the first time born the son of a railway worker near Ballarat several times, quickly! And Prime Minister-elect james Scullin during his time in Australian trade 's resignation 's! [ 30 ], in March 1927 Scullin became Australia ` s first Roman Catholic, a dressmaker Ballarat., this page was last edited on 17 September 2021, at birth place, to Scullin! The community including former Premier, the 1931 federal election the inability of the Depression a! Commonwealth looming in June, Scullin would force the mine owners to submit to worker demands market! Australian politics 1931–40. records about james Scullin during his years as an Opposition backbencher, Scullin spoke and! 2021, at Trawalla in 1881-87 and at Mount Rowan, near Ballarat, instead planning to pay for first... Time as Prime Minister two days after Scullin took no portfolio nor played any part in military or! Party parliamentarian observed, `` the 1931 election, in March matters came to rely Scullin... Government has been defeated after a single term. [ 40 ] took many steps... 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