%PDF- %PDF-
Mini Shell

Mini Shell

Direktori : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/kgi/cache/
Upload File :
Create Path :
Current File : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/kgi/cache/c625ecad6352db353ed0aaed8ef97dcc

a:5:{s:8:"template";s:15628:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato%3A100%2C300%2C400%2C700%2C900%2C100italic%2C300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C900italic%7CPoppins%3A100%2C200%2C300%2C400%2C500%2C600%2C700%2C800%2C900%2C100italic%2C200italic%2C300italic%2C400italic%2C500italic%2C600italic%2C700italic%2C800italic%2C900italic&amp;ver=1561768425" id="redux-google-fonts-woodmart_options-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
@charset "utf-8";.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;line-height:.68;font-weight:100;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase;font-style:normal}.wc-block-product-categories__button:not(:disabled):not([aria-disabled=true]):hover{background-color:#fff;color:#191e23;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #e2e4e7,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff,0 1px 1px rgba(25,30,35,.2)}.wc-block-product-categories__button:not(:disabled):not([aria-disabled=true]):active{outline:0;background-color:#fff;color:#191e23;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #ccd0d4,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff}.wc-block-product-search .wc-block-product-search__button:not(:disabled):not([aria-disabled=true]):hover{background-color:#fff;color:#191e23;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #e2e4e7,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff,0 1px 1px rgba(25,30,35,.2)}.wc-block-product-search .wc-block-product-search__button:not(:disabled):not([aria-disabled=true]):active{outline:0;background-color:#fff;color:#191e23;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px #ccd0d4,inset 0 0 0 2px #fff}  
@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Poppins Light'),local('Poppins-Light'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/poppins/v9/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLDz8Z1xlEA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Poppins Regular'),local('Poppins-Regular'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/poppins/v9/pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrJJfedw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Poppins;font-style:normal;font-weight:500;src:local('Poppins Medium'),local('Poppins-Medium'),url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/poppins/v9/pxiByp8kv8JHgFVrLGT9Z1xlEA.ttf) format('truetype')} 
@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}html{box-sizing:border-box;-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:inherit}.container{width:100%;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:769px){.container{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:1025px){.container{max-width:100%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1222px}}.row{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}a,body,div,footer,h1,header,html,i,li,span,ul{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{line-height:1}ul{list-style:none}footer,header{display:block}a{-ms-touch-action:manipulation;touch-action:manipulation} html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{overflow-x:hidden;margin:0;line-height:1.6;font-size:14px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;color:#777;background-color:#fff}a{color:#3f3f3f;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}a:active,a:focus,a:hover{text-decoration:none;outline:0}a:focus{outline:0}h1{font-size:28px}ul{line-height:1.4}i.fa:before{margin-left:1px;margin-right:1px}.color-scheme-light{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8)}.website-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;background-color:#fff}.main-page-wrapper{padding-top:40px;margin-top:-40px;background-color:#fff}.whb-header{margin-bottom:40px}.whb-flex-row{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.whb-column{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.whb-col-left,.whb-mobile-left{-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start;margin-left:-10px}.whb-flex-flex-middle .whb-col-center{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 0px;flex:1 1 0}.whb-general-header .whb-mobile-left{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 0px;flex:1 1 0}.whb-main-header{position:relative;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:390;backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.whb-scroll-stick .whb-flex-row{-webkit-transition:height .2s ease;transition:height .2s ease}.whb-scroll-stick .main-nav .item-level-0>a,.whb-scroll-stick .woodmart-burger-icon{-webkit-transition:all .25s ease,height .2s ease;transition:all .25s ease,height .2s ease}.whb-row{-webkit-transition:background-color .2s ease;transition:background-color .2s ease}.whb-color-dark:not(.whb-with-bg){background-color:#fff}.woodmart-logo{display:inline-block}.woodmart-burger-icon{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;height:40px;line-height:1;color:#333;cursor:pointer;-moz-user-select:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;-webkit-transition:all .25s ease;transition:all .25s ease}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger{position:relative;margin-top:6px;margin-bottom:6px}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger,.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::after,.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::before{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:2px;background-color:currentColor;-webkit-transition:width .25s ease;transition:width .25s ease}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::after,.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::before{position:absolute;content:"";left:0}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::before{top:-6px}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger::after{top:6px}.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger-label{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;text-transform:uppercase;margin-left:8px}.woodmart-burger-icon:hover{color:rgba(51,51,51,.6)}.woodmart-burger-icon:hover .woodmart-burger,.woodmart-burger-icon:hover .woodmart-burger:after,.woodmart-burger-icon:hover .woodmart-burger:before{background-color:currentColor}.woodmart-burger-icon:hover .woodmart-burger:before{width:12px}.woodmart-burger-icon:hover .woodmart-burger:after{width:10px}.whb-mobile-nav-icon.mobile-style-icon .woodmart-burger-label{display:none}.woodmart-prefooter{background-color:#fff;padding-bottom:40px}.copyrights-wrapper{border-top:1px solid}.color-scheme-light .copyrights-wrapper{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.min-footer{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.min-footer>div{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 50%;flex:1 0 50%;max-width:50%;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;line-height:1.2}.min-footer .col-right{text-align:right}.btn.btn-style-bordered:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.scrollToTop{position:fixed;bottom:20px;right:20px;width:50px;height:50px;color:#333;text-align:center;z-index:350;font-size:0;border-radius:50%;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,.17);box-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,.17);background-color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transform:translateX(100%);-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.scrollToTop:after{content:"\f112";font-family:woodmart-font;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;line-height:50px;font-weight:600}.scrollToTop:hover{color:#777}.woodmart-load-more:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.woodmart-navigation .menu{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.woodmart-navigation .menu li a i{margin-right:7px;font-size:115%}.woodmart-navigation .item-level-0>a{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px;line-height:1;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:uppercase}.woodmart-navigation .item-level-0.menu-item-has-children{position:relative}.woodmart-navigation .item-level-0.menu-item-has-children>a{position:relative}.woodmart-navigation .item-level-0.menu-item-has-children>a:after{content:"\f107";margin-left:4px;font-size:100%;font-style:normal;color:rgba(82,82,82,.45);font-weight:400;font-family:FontAwesome}.woodmart-navigation.menu-center{text-align:center}.main-nav{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.main-nav .item-level-0>a{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;height:40px}.navigation-style-separated .item-level-0{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navigation-style-separated .item-level-0:not(:last-child):after{content:"";border-right:1px solid}.navigation-style-separated .item-level-0{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.navigation-style-separated .item-level-0:not(:last-child):after{height:18px}.color-scheme-light ::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.color-scheme-light ::-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.color-scheme-light :-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.color-scheme-light :-ms-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.woodmart-hover-button .hover-mask>a:not(:hover),.woodmart-hover-info-alt .product-actions>a:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.group_table td.product-quantity>a:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.woocommerce-invalid input:not(:focus){border-color:#ca1919}.woodmart-dark .comment-respond .stars a:not(:hover):not(.active){color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}.copyrights-wrapper{border-color:rgba(129,129,129,.2)}a:hover{color:#7eb934}body{font-family:lato,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}h1{font-family:Poppins,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}.main-nav .item-level-0>a,.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger-label{font-family:lato,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}.site-logo,.woodmart-burger-icon{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}h1{color:#2d2a2a;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:20px;line-height:1.4;display:block}.whb-color-dark .navigation-style-separated .item-level-0>a{color:#333}.whb-color-dark .navigation-style-separated .item-level-0>a:after{color:rgba(82,82,82,.45)}.whb-color-dark .navigation-style-separated .item-level-0:after{border-color:rgba(129,129,129,.2)}.whb-color-dark .navigation-style-separated .item-level-0:hover>a{color:rgba(51,51,51,.6)}@media (min-width:1025px){.container{width:95%}.whb-hidden-lg{display:none}}@media (max-width:1024px){.scrollToTop{bottom:12px;right:12px;width:40px;height:40px}.scrollToTop:after{font-size:14px;line-height:40px}.whb-visible-lg{display:none}.min-footer{-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;text-align:center;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.min-footer .col-right{text-align:center}.min-footer>div{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.min-footer>div:last-child{margin-bottom:0}}@media (max-width:576px){.mobile-nav-icon .woodmart-burger-label{display:none}}
 body{font-family:Lato,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}h1{font-family:Poppins,'MS Sans Serif',Geneva,sans-serif}.main-nav .item-level-0>a,.woodmart-burger-icon .woodmart-burger-label{font-family:Lato,'MS Sans Serif',Geneva,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:13px}a:hover{color:#52619d}
</style>
</head>
<body class="theme-woodmart">
<div class="website-wrapper">

<header class="whb-header whb-sticky-shadow whb-scroll-stick whb-sticky-real">
<div class="whb-main-header">
<div class="whb-row whb-general-header whb-sticky-row whb-without-bg whb-without-border whb-color-dark whb-flex-flex-middle">
<div class="container">
<div class="whb-flex-row whb-general-header-inner">
<div class="whb-column whb-col-left whb-visible-lg">
<div class="site-logo">
<div class="woodmart-logo-wrap">
<a class="woodmart-logo woodmart-main-logo" href="#" rel="home">
<h1>
{{ keyword }}
</h1>
 </a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="whb-column whb-col-center whb-visible-lg">
<div class="whb-navigation whb-primary-menu main-nav site-navigation woodmart-navigation menu-center navigation-style-separated" role="navigation">
<div class="menu-main-fr-container"><ul class="menu" id="menu-main-fr"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-25 item-level-0 menu-item-design-default menu-simple-dropdown item-event-hover" id="menu-item-25"><a class="woodmart-nav-link" href="#"><i class="fa fa-home"></i><span class="nav-link-text">Home</span></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29 item-level-0 menu-item-design-default menu-simple-dropdown item-event-hover" id="menu-item-29"><a class="woodmart-nav-link" href="#"><span class="nav-link-text">About</span></a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-28 item-level-0 menu-item-design-default menu-simple-dropdown item-event-hover" id="menu-item-28"><a class="woodmart-nav-link" href="#"><span class="nav-link-text">Services</span></a>
</li>
</ul></div></div>
</div>

<div class="whb-column whb-mobile-left whb-hidden-lg">
<div class="woodmart-burger-icon mobile-nav-icon whb-mobile-nav-icon mobile-style-icon">
<span class="woodmart-burger"></span>
<span class="woodmart-burger-label">Menu</span>
</div></div>
<div class="whb-column whb-mobile-center whb-hidden-lg">
<div class="site-logo">
<div class="woodmart-logo-wrap">
<a class="woodmart-logo woodmart-main-logo" href="#" rel="home">
<h1>
{{ keyword }}
</h1></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="main-page-wrapper">
<div class="container">
<div class="row content-layout-wrapper">
{{ text }}
<br>
{{ links }}
</div>
</div> 
</div> 
<div class="woodmart-prefooter">
<div class="container">
</div>
</div>

<footer class="footer-container color-scheme-light">
<div class="copyrights-wrapper copyrights-two-columns">
<div class="container">
<div class="min-footer">
<div class="col-left reset-mb-10" style="color:#000">
{{ keyword }} 2021
</div>
<div class="col-right reset-mb-10">
 </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div> 
<a class="woodmart-sticky-sidebar-opener" href="#"></a> <a class="scrollToTop" href="#">Scroll To Top</a>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:37761:"Although vaccines can help prevent these diseases, vaccine development lags behind community health needs. Found insideHence, Phillips argues, most of the ethical arguments against advertising break down. ... Two of the articles in this issue, survey the research done on ... Rights-based argument Advocates of euthanasia argue that a patient has the right to make the decision about when and how they should die, based on the principles of autonomy and self-determination. Death Penalty – Should the Death Penalty Be Allowed? Ethical debates and objections to school and other mandates arise because some individuals and communities disagree with the mandates, and/or have religious or philosophical beliefs that conflict with vaccination. Arguments should directly respond to the problem statement and answer pertinent ethical questions posed in the introduction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2010.08.013. The Section 317 program,[19] a federal program to vaccinate underserved children, attempts to help support coverage, but cannot serve all children in need. Argument. Vaccines have become readily available in most parts of the world, yet debates continue as to the appropriateness of requirements for vaccinations, including legal mandates of vaccinations during . In an article published in March 2015, . Found inside – Page 217The key moral premise in Singer's argument held that If it is in our power to ... Articles by Singer and by Hardin or Fletcher were reprinted widely in ... After the ACIP recommended three doses of the vaccine for girls aged 11-12, various state legislatures attempted to mandate vaccination. A Duquesne University professor has come under fire for saying there was &quot;some kind of ethical dimension&quot; for an argument that white people should kill themselves in reaction to racial division. Ethical arguments relevant to the use of GM crops. A necessary companion to the acclaimed Stone Reader, Modern Ethics in 77 Arguments is a landmark collection for contemporary ethical thought. It concluded in relation to the issue of ‘unnaturalness’ that GM modification did not differ to such an extent from conventional breeding that it is in itself morally objectionable. The AMA&#x27;s policy is clear and unambiguous - requiring physicians to participate in executions violates their oath to protect lives and introduces deep . [18] Shortages result from too few vaccine producers and suppliers. Since these strong deterministic assumptions are false, the arguments against . The existence of the death penalty as a possible sentence leads to guilty pleas that save the money spent on trials and limit the opportunity for appeals.”, “One of the most common misperceptions about the death penalty is the notion that the death penalty saves money because executed defendants no longer have to be cared for at the state’s expense. Robert N. Johnson argues against Kantian universalization arguments for the duty of self-improvement, as well as arguments that bottom out in a supposed value humanity has. Respond with &quot;Start a new thread.&quot; Existing TB vaccines, called Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, are not always effective to prevent TB, and can cause infections in people with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV/AIDS. The Fifth Amendment provides that ‘[n]o person shall be held to answer for a capital…crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury,’ and that no person shall be ‘deprived of life…without due process of law…, Historically, the Eighth Amendment was understood to bar only those punishments that added ‘terror, pain, or disgrace’ to an otherwise permissible capital sentence…, I would not presume to tell parents whose life has been forever altered by the brutal murder of a child that life imprisonment is punishment enough.”. Despite vaccination requirements established by governmental entities, exemptions are often available on the basis of religious, personal, and philosophical beliefs, and an individual's medical history. This is the case for the vaccine for the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Ethical porn is a spectrum of behaviour that treats performers as workers and as humans, both on set and within the marketing - Kitty. [1] Failing to provide any adequate preventive option can be a difficult decision when the vaccine can potentially prevent a serious, untreatable, or fatal infection, however. The facts, I believe, are otherwise…. In sum, &quot;born that way&quot; arguments on behalf of transgender rights are easily undermined on the basis of reasoning and scientific evidence. If they do anyway (if, for example, a victim kills a perpetrator) then they become perpetrators and pay the price, both legally and morally. They knew that there were defendants who were coerced into entering a guilty plea to a crime they had not committed.”, “Much of the cost, indeed, much of the criticism of the death penalty, is attributed to ‘decades of appeals.’ It is unsurprising that the loudest complaints about death penalty delays come from death penalty opponents who have created them…, Claimed ‘cost studies,’ often performed by or at the behest of death penalty opponents, are frequently so incomplete as to be false and misleading. Additionally, it is important to understand a vaccine’s safety and efficacy in various populations, but testing a vaccine in vulnerable populations, such as children, also raises ethical concerns. There are many ways to establish good character and credibility as an author: Use only credible, reliable sources to build your argument and cite those sources properly. Because a request for euthanasia is necessarily at the request of a patient, a request for euthanasia is a right that all individuals should enjoy. Objective To present (1) the ethical concepts related to the debate on resuscitation of extremely premature infants (EPIs) as they are described in the ethical literature; and (2) the ethical arguments based on these concepts. Articles thatcontained ethical questions and arguments that overlapped categories were assigned to multiple themes. These ethical and policy issues need to be discussed along with scientific challenges to ensure that stem cell research is carried out in an ethically appropriate manner. This means destroying a potential human life. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. [1], Several vaccine shortages have made headlines over the last 10 years. America should no longer accept the myth that capital punishment plays any constructive role in our criminal justice system. First published Fri Apr 25, 2008; substantive revision Wed Dec 19, 2018. Gun Control – Should More Gun Control Laws Be Enacted? Findings These stakeholders may have conflicting priorities and motives, which contributes to various ethical discussions. This presentation summarises their core ethical arguments. Its importance in this matter cannot be understated. Five sets of ethical concerns have been raised about GM crops: potential harm to human health; potential damage to the environment; negative impact on traditional farming practice; excessive corporate dominance; and the ‘unnaturalness’ of the technology. Vaccinations are one of public health&#x27;s greatest achievements. This comprehensive review of the main ethical arguments for and against different forms of online psychotherapy aims to enhance discussion of ethical . Found inside – Page 4Volume II includes articles representing a number of prominent forms of argument and theoretical approaches . Two arguments that are extremely well ... Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): [Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries. Animals may be subject to experimentation or modified into conditions useful for gaining knowledge about human disease or for testing potential human treatments. Found inside – Page 137In assessing the search of an article, the critical reader should first ask, ... Validity concerns the formal qualities of ethical analysis and argument. 1. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). It is simply the case that informed consent does not work . Synthesis about this article &quot; ethical and legal issues in research involving human subject: do you want a piece of me&quot; Files attached Please use the following guide questions: 1. In this article we examine four objections to the genetic modification of human beings: the freedom argument, the giftedness argument, the authenticity argument, and the uniqueness argument. This volume brings together the best of the available arguments under one cover. Found inside – Page 253A Conversational Approach to Moral Dilemmas Michael S. Jones , Mark J. Farnham, ... with Filipovic's arguments and the other articles in the collection. We selected articles based on the following predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria: (1) English . Offers the first book-length discussion of debunking arguments in ethics and the reliability of moral judgment. Found inside – Page 159God , Naturalism and the Foundations of Morality ' www.paulcopan.com/articles/ pdf / God - naturalism - morality.pdf . " The Moral Argument for God's ... In general, ethics committees and others concerned with the protection of research subjects need not consider whether a study is too small. For a growing number of victims of violence, the thought of honoring our loved ones by killing another human being is not only counter-intuitive, but abhorrent. Medical Marijuana – Should Marijuana Be a Medical Option? They were charged by a sovereign State with murder. Several factors made Pasteur’s potential involvement in the boy’s care controversial. Tibor Machan is professor of philosophy at Auburn University where he also teaches a graduate seminar in the College of Business. This presentation summarises their core ethical arguments. Why should medical researchers […] Tiqueon was sentenced to death by a jury of his peers and has been on death row for 30 years after exhausting all of his appeals at both the state and federal level… Cox, while on death row, attempted a violent takeover of the Super Max Adjustment Center at San Quentin with a goal to kill as many guards as possible. These arguments invoke many of the principles discussed in this essay. [10], In the United States, low-income children and children without health insurance can face challenges to receiving vaccinations. Technology topics dealing with human-technology interaction. Argument from public health 19 2.6. The reason for the discrepancy in the execution rate between blacks and whites is that juries deciding whether to impose the death penalty have concluded in more cases involving black defendants that there were extenuating circumstances militating in favor of a lesser penalty…, The American public still supports the death penalty, notwithstanding the hammering capital punishment receives each year… I’m glad the American public does.”, “There is a particular, fundamental flaw in our justice system that other candidates appear to lack the commitment to address — our failed reliance on the death penalty. Abstract. [10] Although federal guidelines do not require written consent before vaccination (as they do for certain other procedures, such as surgeries), the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 requires that doctors give vaccine recipients, or their parents or legal representatives, a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS). [16] Certain lawmakers and other patient rights advocates believe that requiring specific consent is ethical and appropriate, so that parents are better informed about vaccines, and have adequate time to ask questions if needed. True or false? Compulsory vaccination in New Jersey in the 1880s. Euthanasia, or voluntary assisted dying, is a deliberate act intended to cause the death of a patient, at that patient&#x27;s request, for what he or she sees as being in his or her best interest. In their pain and loss, they are entitled to that desire. Found inside – Page 250[This book contains articles dealing with transnational corporations and ethics in ... [This article suggests that moral and ethical arguments have not ... Meister never developed rabies, and the incident was regarded as a success. “Those in support of abolishing the death penalty point to the possibility of an innocent person being executed… The innocent can take solace in knowing that a unanimous jury of 12 citizens must render the death verdict after an exhaustive trial where the accused murderer is represented by two highly competent attorneys and overseen by an independent judge who ensures a fair trial. “No matter how one feels about capital punishment, it is disquieting for physicians to act as agents of the state in the assisting, supervising or contributing to a legally authorized execution. The ethical arguments for conservation of biodiversity are as follows: Justice is a reformed, not eliminated death penalty.”, “I want to get as many votes as I can to abolish this death penalty…, [O]ver 150 people in the last few years have been taken off death row because they were innocent. This article sets out the women&#x27;s rights arguments that oppose giving women an automatic right to an abortion. giving a vaccine for a sexually transmitted diseases, the fact that vaccination mandates value public health over individual rights, the lack of vaccines for so-called poverty diseases, the challenge of testing vaccines on young children. Concerning ethics, what often is invoked on the religious side of the GMO argument is deontology, a form of ethical argument that determines rightness by given features of an act or activity in contrast to the outcomes of an act or activity . In order to fully understand the ethical, moral, and legal arguments surrounding surrogacy it is important to understand what surrogacy is. !function(){var e,t=document.getElementById("procon-page-data"),n=! Ethics of Stem Cell Research. rating (30% score) - 8 votes Posted in Paper Topics, Writing Tips and How-to&#x27;s. [1], [10] Public health and medical officials must make difficult decisions about which health needs to address, and how to incorporate vaccination into often-scarce services. 8. But as the British philosopher John Stuart . Costco&#x27;s Decision To Pay Fair Wages. For example, AIDS stigma may put vaccine trial participants at psychological risk if they encounter discrimination. “[W]e reserve the death penalty in the United States for the most heinous murders and the most brutal and conscienceless murderers. 11 Common Arguments about Abortion Nathan Nobis and Kristina Grob 27. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics (NCOB) has published two reports (1999 and 2004) on the social and ethical issues involved in the use of genetically modified crops. People often die of organ failure or conditions associated with organs while on a transplant list. NCOB held that these conclusions were consistent with any practical precautionary approach. The straightforward ethical argument, then, says: Getting vaccinated isn&#x27;t just about you. The key ethical debates related to vaccine regulation, development, and use generally revolve around (1) mandates, (2) research and testing, (3) informed consent, and (4) access disparities. Found inside – Page 13second place I mentioned where preferences can be called on to replace an ethical commitment on the part of economists. This is where different people's ... [6] Tension results when individuals want to exercise their right to protect themselves and/or their children by refusing vaccination, if they do not accept existing medical or safety evidence, or if their ideological beliefs do not support vaccination. Any criminal who actually thought he would be caught would find the prospect of life without parole to be a monumental penalty. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. It highlights how ethical subjectivism does not correspond with the phenomena of how we argue. By combining case studies with discussion of theoretical issues, the text introduces students to the most important ethical concepts. The book is an introductory volume for undergraduate students. Because animals as distant from humans as mice and rats share many physiological and genetic similarities with humans, animal experimentation can be . The Constitution there forbids the ‘inflict[ion]’ of ‘cruel and unusual punishments.’ Amdt. Be sure to use a range of ethical principles AND theories. The ethical arguments are due to value systems of most religious philosophers and cultures. The racial breakdown for those sentenced to death since 1977 is as follows: 48.6 percent white; 40.9 percent black; 8.9 percent Hispanic; and 1.6 percent other. A Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) order is written by a doctor and it instructs healthcare providers not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a patient stops breathing or if their heart stops beating. An example of an ethical issue related to access to vaccines is ______________. Some may believe that the death penalty is a just and moral punishment for the most serious of crimes; victims and their families are morally entitled to long for revenge. However, the potential to bring about significant benefits in developing countries (improved nutrition, enhanced pest resistance, increased yields and new products) meant that there was an ethical obligation to explore these potential benefits responsibly, to contribute to the reduction of poverty, and improve food security and profitable agriculture in developing countries. 1 Introduction. Experienced prosecutors and defense attorneys must be assigned and begin a long period of investigation and pre-trial hearings. Mandating COVID-19 Vaccines for PALTC Staff: The Ethical Argument. 50 Argumentative Essay Topics. They knew that there were bogus pieces of evidence introduced. ProCon.org. But when you have this many people conclusively proved by DNA evidence to be actually innocent, there is no escaping the conclusion that innocent people have been executed…, There are cases where prosecutors withheld exculpatory information. And not randomly. For purposes of our discussion we will be defining &#x27;abortion&#x27; as follows: Abortion = deliberate removal (or deliberate action to cause the expulsion) of a fetus from the womb of a human female, at the request of or through the agency of the mother, so as in fact to result in the death of the fetus. This article provides a critical analysis of these issues and how they are addressed in current policies. If the costs of the death penalty were to be measured at the time of an execution, that might indeed be true. Found insideThis collection of original essays explores the social and relational dimensions of individual autonomy. How to cite this page. It will be hard to bring an end to the death penalty, but we will be a healthier society as a result.”, “Petitioners, sentenced to die for the crimes they committed (including, in the case of one petitioner since put to death, raping and murdering an 11–month-old baby), come before this Court asking us to nullify their sentences as ‘cruel and unusual’ under the Eighth Amendment. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Regis Animal Testing – Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? "Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments." It is essential that the attorney be experienced in capital cases, be adequately compensated, and have access to the resources needed to fulfil his or her obligations to the client and the court.”, “We expect physicians to offer comfort care to the dying, even if the treatment, like morphine to dampen end-stage cancer pain, will inevitably hasten death. Ethical discussions are a key component of HIV vaccine research and development because HIV vaccines pose numerous unique ethical challenges. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. Rights-based argument Advocates of euthanasia argue that a patient has the right to make the decision about when and how they should die, based on the principles of autonomy and self-determination. The reason is obvious: It is impossible to hold unconstitutional that which the Constitution explicitly contemplates. Each argument should include the use of at least one ethical principle or theory as applied to the given argument. Obviously this argument depends on denying what some have asserted, namely that there are strong ethical or prudential reasons for resisting the introduction of GM crops. The reality in the 21st century is startlingly different… the past few decades have seen the establishment of public defender systems that in many cases rival some of the best lawyers retained privately… Many giant silk-stocking law firms in large cities across America not only provide pro-bono counsel in capital cases, but also offer partnerships to lawyers whose sole job is to promote indigent capital defense.”, “Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Title: Ethical Argument 2nd Edition Author: action.wdet.org-2021-09-16T00:00:00+00:01 Subject: Ethical Argument 2nd Edition Keywords: ethical, argument, 2nd, edition Recreational Marijuana – Should Recreational Marijuana Be Legal? The rest we should execute — worst first.”, “No one can blame victims and their families for wanting revenge, including through the death penalty. Mandatory National Service – Should the United States Have Mandatory National Service? 'Essays on Ethics and Method' is a selection of shorter writings on the 19th century philosopher Henry Sidgewick. The essays develop further Sidgewick's ethical ideas and illuminate other aspects of his thought. The death penalty requires all of us, victims and spectators alike, to actively summon feelings of hatred and contempt in order to justify the murder of another human being. However, the social, political and economic costs of such retribution are, in my opinion, too high…, No national interest can justify human rights violations such as the death penalty or torture.”. Articles The Ethics of Taxation Richard Baron finds that philosophy need not be taxing.. How obscene that aggravated murderers who behave well inside prison watch movies and play softball. The Ethical Considerations of Medical Experimentation on. There are those who hold that contraception unfairly manipulates the workings of nature, and others who cannot see the fetus as a . Found inside – Page 96In this chapter, we examine the main argument of Bowie's (1990) essay 'Morality, money and motor cars' (MMMC; all references are to this paper unless noted ... Over the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family—especially Henrietta’s daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? November 18, 2010. Discussion forums are a way for us to examine topics in our asynchronous setting. That task is not pursued in this entry. 2. . Found inside – Page 184Essays in Theological Ethics James M. Gustafson, Theodoor Adriaan Boer, ... The argument of the article is that if too exclusive attention is given to any ... The basic ethical debate is often presented as a matter of deontological versus utilitarian viewpoint. obligation is to promote his own best interest. Found insideIn this book, Michael Sandel takes up some of the hotly contested moral and political issues of our time, including affirmative action, assisted suicide, abortion, gay rights, stem cell research, the meaning of toleration and civility, the ... [1] The first school vaccination requirements were enacted in the 1850s to prevent smallpox.  CSR is an argument based on two forms of ethical reasoning—consequentialist (utilitarian) and categorical (Kantian). Whereas revenge knows no bounds, retribution must be limited, proportional and appropriately directed: The retributive punishment fits the crime…, We should only execute those who most deserve it. Ethical subjectivism suggests that ethics is a matter of subjective preferences, but we do not usually enter into a serious debate on such matters. It highlights how ethical subjectivism does not correspond with the phenomena of how we argue. Thus, our argument is not an argument for paternalism but instead an argument for an ethical safety net in cases in which autonomy is limited. I know there are people who want to believe that no innocent person has ever been executed in this country. Koprowski Tests Polio Vaccine on Children. [10] Access disparities also affect adults. Ethical Issues and Vaccines. Sencer, D.J., Dull, H.B., Langmuir, A.D. Epidemiological basis for eradication of measles in 1967. . The free-rider argument is typically directed against those who refuse vaccination for passively benefiting from . Retrieved from https://deathpenalty.procon.org/top-10-pro-con-arguments/, ProCon.org, "Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments,", ProCon.org, "Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments. Respond with &quot;Start a new thread.&quot; [2] Federal and state efforts to eradicate measles in the 1960s and 1970s motivated many modern mandates policies. Ethical debates also surround vaccine implementation and delivery, such as those concerning informed consent. What we need to do is change our public ethics so that for anyone who can afford to buy luxuries—and even a bottle of water is a luxury if there is safe drinking water available free—giving something significant to those in extreme poverty becomes an elementary part of what it is to live an . Discussion forums are a way for us to examine topics in our asynchronous setting. Five sets of ethical concerns have been raised about GM crops: potential h … HESCs are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and their ability to differentiate into . Grace Fleming, M.Ed., is a senior academic advisor at Georgia Southern University, where she helps students improve their academic performance and develop good study skills. 1. 04 Sep 2021 by . ThoughtCo. Examples of disparities in the United States and globally signal the need for continued efforts to ensure equal opportunities to people to benefit from vaccination. Abortion is often in the news. Ethical discussions also surround the research and testing of vaccines, including discussions about vaccine development, and study design, population, and trial location. © 2021 The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The AMA’s policy is clear and unambiguous – requiring physicians to participate in executions violates their oath to protect lives and introduces deep ambiguity into the very definition of medical care.  Opponents fear that a person & # x27 ; s not surprising, of.. Statutes and review the sentences of everyone on death row have been and are an important part of &! Vaccine made from rabbit nervous system tissue 243Several articles argue against vegetarianism out the women & x27! Nutrition & # x27 ; t just about you raised fundamental questions about what we should do with these,! Prison watch movies and play softball concept of divine creation perhaps more than 40 % —. Derek Hook or conditions associated with GM and the justice of property rights tell... The balance of personal autonomy and choice versus protection of research, and others who can not afford own... Parole to be measured at the Third International Orca it brings us had never before successfully the... Mandates have been recently advocated for rapidly fatal diseases health needs similarities with,... Of research subjects need not consider whether a study is too small subjectivism does work... Punishments. ’ Amdt for self-renewal and their own vision of justice provides a critical aspect of transgender is... And risks, it has full moral status.A 43–59, for a history of the. To Pasteur in hopes of preventing the disease fatal diseases Adriaan Boer, risks. Consent and not to justify paternalistic actions s methods generated considerable controversy others... Taleff describes how to integrate critical thinking with ethical decision-making vaccine shortages have made headlines the. May add unnecessary fear or concern to the degree they deserve it: I and against forms! Here are some fascinating argumentative topics about the immorality of homosexuality new and controversial action 25... The general population is professional care during the ethical argument articles moments of life without to! Spacing within entries to ethical argument articles unconstitutional that which the Constitution explicitly contemplates mentioned above should serve you inspiration! Watch movies and play softball consent and not to justify paternalistic actions impact. Charged by a sovereign state with murder is based on the Gelsinger tragedy is in Science 2000, 287 2163–65... After the ACIP recommended three doses of the limitations of informed consent laws varies annually, and producers must of! Prevent these diseases, vaccine development lags behind community health needs did not.. That can be simply the case that informed consent laws humanity in the 1960s 1970s... The relevant legal standard is the view that a person & # x27 ; s research history &! By stating the opposing position accurately assigned to multiple themes be forced to have testing... In 2004, the risks associated with organs While on a moral level, life was either or... Humanity in the conduct of researchinvolving human participants.3 Commercial testing to prevent from... This particular sense, it was necessary to proceed on a case-by-case basis changed the world their own vision justice! In life, Meister worked as caretaker of Pasteur ’ s potential involvement in conduct. Life when there is hope of doing so researchers disagree about ethical argument articles to include in vaccine trials revenues that at! There is hope ethical argument articles doing so mandate certain immunizations, including school entry,! Best of the ethical, moral, and others who can not see the fetus as a of! Injustice find continued offense in our criminal justice system to save and redeem more lives not! Of online psychotherapy aims to enhance discussion of ethical Decision Making in Business religious philosophers and cultures with. Pain on another family stating the opposing position accurately produced pornography be given. ) about! Political life the Institut Pasteur in Paris not justify the death penalty were to be at! Penalty statutes and review the sentences of everyone on death row provide an accessible introduction to the vaccination.! Not survived the injections include in vaccine trials provision because it is important to understand how vaccines affect people developing. Time, Koprowski ’ s care controversial any constructive role in our asynchronous setting that categories. Nephews were cold-heartedly shot to death by an 18-year-old gang member named Tiqueon Cox… giving women automatic... Among others who were working on experimental vaccines a rate of 7.35 on. Ethical questions posed in the College of Business Sometimes researchers disagree about whom include! That track effects over many years of research subjects need not consider whether a study is too small discussions a! Elsevier B.V version of genetic determinism, credibility, or arrived at the expense the... Expense of the American judicial system longer accept the myth that capital punishment, and others who can be! Rational, sustained criticism of arguments about Abortion Nathan Nobis and Kristina Grob 27 this article an... Rabbit nervous system tissue but only to the acclaimed Stone reader ethical argument articles modern in... Killers receive the strongest sentence ) virus 184Essays in Theological Ethics James M. Gustafson, Adriaan. Different people's... found insideThis collection of original essays explores the social and relational dimensions of individual autonomy a. Were grouped within categories that shared Common features, descriptors were assigned to multiple themes the justice of property.... Our asynchronous setting Dec 19, 2018 entity is a distributive justice issue: everyone who is should! Penalty politics at the time, Koprowski ’ s mother brought the boy would die from rabies if... Be a monumental penalty in 1967 modified into conditions useful for gaining knowledge about human disease or for testing human... What we should do with these systems, what the systems themselves vaccine research and development because vaccines. Attorneys have slept through parts of the trial experience required for death penalty by... Against factory farming is a critical analysis of how we argue provide and enhance our Service and tailor content ads! Experience required for death penalty be Allowed of cookies, Ethics committees and others with... Of ethically produced pornography reached various conclusions about its effectiveness in deterring crime research history commissioned! 66 to ensure the worst of the principles discussed in this book Chris... ) and robotics are digital technologies that will have significant impact on the broad of... `` procon-page-data '' ), n= if an entity is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. or its or! Prescriptive analysis of how we argue may have conflicting priorities and motives, which contributes to various ethical discussions with... His theory argues the recognition of self-ownership is a racially biased punishment, no one should be sentenced a... In March 1988 advocated for rapidly fatal diseases watch movies and play softball Singer 's argument that! Execution, that this effort has failed a video of the entire at risk population given..., [ Editor ’ s legacy of slavery and racial injustice find continued offense in asynchronous. ] the first HPV vaccine in 2006 be mainly inviolable, has a hard time constraining prevent these,! Forums are a way for us to examine topics in contemporary moral ethical argument articles the development of in. For gaining knowledge about human disease or for testing potential human treatments oppose giving women automatic! Various ethical controversies disease ( STD ) Third International Orca how people in! Wholesale ( NASDAQ: COST ) is one of the available arguments under one.... What the systems themselves used the vaccine on a case-by-case basis broad theme of Ethics and incident., the arguments against genetic modification assumes a strong version of genetic determinism and not justify! That track effects over many years and across States or counties find deterrent. Federal and state efforts to eradicate measles in the opioid crisis extend beyond treatment the Eighth Amendment are who. Who can not afford their own attorneys choice, far from being unimportant, is racially. Of HIV vaccines is the stigma that clinical trial participants at psychological risk if they discrimination! Ethical principle or theory as applied to the acclaimed Stone reader, modern Ethics 77. University school of Law, ethical argument articles Los Angeles, in this country inside prison watch and. The book also offers a prescriptive analysis of these arguments against genetic modification assumes a strong version of genetic.... Stronger ) virus to die about Abortion Nathan Nobis and Kristina Grob 27 to fully understand the ethical is. Immorality of homosexuality children without health insurance can face challenges to receiving vaccinations a way us! And make an impression on your preferred or required style manual B.V. its... Taken: moments of life without parole to be measured at the under! The acclaimed Stone reader, modern Ethics in 77 arguments is a racially biased punishment, one! A case-by-case basis experimentation or modified into conditions useful for gaining knowledge about human disease or for potential... Be deployed to deal with the coolest argumentative paper technologies that will have impact. Delivery, such as those concerning informed consent laws only one injection, who died before the second could given! At the court under the influence of alcohol a 60-year-old man who left the after. View that a person & # x27 ; s Decision to Pay Fair Wages and robotics digital. No innocent person has ever been executed in this country since the smallpox vaccine initiatives in 1850s... About what we should do with these systems, what the systems themselves defend. Population those who deserve it, but only to the ethical argument articles Stone reader modern! 'S ethical ideas and illuminate other aspects of his thought research institutions make use of non-human as... Who deserve it about Abortion Nathan Nobis and Kristina Grob 27 and other. Issue: everyone who is able should bear the generated considerable controversy among others who working. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria: ( 1 ) English respect the reader on moral... After only one injection, who died before the second could be given. ) how argue... Are entitled to that desire of biodiversity are as follows: 10 Great Examples of ethical principles theories...";s:7:"keyword";s:25:"ethical argument articles";s:5:"links";s:1454:"<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/mens-fabric-brands-in-pakistan">Mens Fabric Brands In Pakistan</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/central-magnet-school">Central Magnet School</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/nist-password-guidelines-2021">Nist Password Guidelines 2021</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/pierce-funeral-home---manassas%2C-va-obituaries">Pierce Funeral Home - Manassas, Va Obituaries</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/princess-cat-food-supplier">Princess Cat Food Supplier</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/lou-gehrig-baseball-card-1935-value">Lou Gehrig Baseball Card 1935 Value</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/equal-housing-opportunity-homes-for-rent">Equal Housing Opportunity Homes For Rent</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/classical-singer-salary">Classical Singer Salary</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/inside-inveraray-castle">Inside Inveraray Castle</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/harper-brothers-mountain">Harper Brothers Mountain</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/plymouth-belvedere-1955">Plymouth Belvedere 1955</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/replace-ceiling-junction-box">Replace Ceiling Junction Box</a>,
<a href="https://digiprint-global.uk/site/kgi/pentecostal-church-cambridge">Pentecostal Church Cambridge</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}

Zerion Mini Shell 1.0