Current File : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/cyykrh/cache/7a08da85b6129d328fb5ff5f55439282
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:9437:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300%2C400%2C600%2C700%2C800%7CRoboto%3A100%2C300%2C400%2C500%2C600%2C700%2C900%7CRaleway%3A600%7Citalic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext" id="quality-fonts-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,nav{display:block}a{background:0 0}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}@media print{*{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}p{orphans:3;widows:3}.navbar{display:none}}*{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:62.5%;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}a{color:#428bca;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#2a6496;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:thin dotted;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}p{margin:0 0 10px}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.container-fluid{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col-md-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}@media (min-width:992px){.col-md-12{float:left}.col-md-12{width:100%}}.collapse{display:none} .nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background-color:#eee}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar{border-radius:4px}}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-header{float:left}}.navbar-collapse{max-height:340px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;overflow-x:visible;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border-top:1px solid transparent;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-collapse{width:auto;border-top:0;box-shadow:none}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:block!important;height:auto!important;padding-bottom:0;overflow:visible!important}}.container-fluid>.navbar-collapse,.container-fluid>.navbar-header{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width:768px){.container-fluid>.navbar-collapse,.container-fluid>.navbar-header{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}.navbar-brand{float:left;height:50px;padding:15px 15px;font-size:18px;line-height:20px}.navbar-brand:focus,.navbar-brand:hover{text-decoration:none}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar>.container-fluid .navbar-brand{margin-left:-15px}}.navbar-nav{margin:7.5px -15px}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;line-height:20px}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-nav{float:left;margin:0}.navbar-nav>li{float:left}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}.navbar-nav.navbar-right:last-child{margin-right:-15px}}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-right{float:right!important}}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before,.container-fluid:after,.container-fluid:before,.container:after,.container:before,.nav:after,.nav:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar:after,.navbar:before,.row:after,.row:before{display:table;content:" "}.clearfix:after,.container-fluid:after,.container:after,.nav:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar:after,.row:after{clear:both}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}html{font-size:14px;overflow-y:scroll;overflow-x:hidden;-ms-overflow-style:scrollbar}@media(min-width:60em){html{font-size:16px}}body{background:#fff;color:#6a6a6a;font-family:"Open Sans",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5;font-weight:400;padding:0;background-attachment:fixed;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;overflow-x:hidden;transition:.5s ease all}p{line-height:1.7;margin:0 0 25px}p:last-child{margin:0}a{transition:all .3s ease 0s}a:focus,a:hover{color:#121212;outline:0;text-decoration:none}.padding-0{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}ul{font-weight:400;margin:0 0 25px 0;padding-left:18px}ul{list-style:disc}ul>li{margin:0;padding:.5rem 0;border:none}ul li:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.site-footer{background-color:#1a1a1a;margin:0;padding:0;width:100%;font-size:.938rem}.site-info{border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);padding:30px 0;text-align:center}.site-info p{color:#adadad;margin:0;padding:0}.navbar-custom .navbar-brand{padding:25px 10px 16px 0}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#f8504b}a{color:#f8504b}.navbar-custom{background-color:transparent;border:0;border-radius:0;z-index:1000;font-size:1rem;transition:background,padding .4s ease-in-out 0s;margin:0;min-height:100px}.navbar a{transition:color 125ms ease-in-out 0s}.navbar-custom .navbar-brand{letter-spacing:1px;font-weight:600;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.5;color:#121213;margin-left:0!important;height:auto;padding:26px 30px 26px 15px}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-custom .navbar-brand{padding:26px 10px 26px 0}}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav li{margin:0 10px;padding:0}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav li>a{position:relative;color:#121213;font-weight:600;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.4;padding:40px 15px 40px 15px;transition:all .35s ease}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{background:0 0}@media (max-width:991px){.navbar-custom .navbar-nav{letter-spacing:0;margin-top:1px}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav li{margin:0 20px;padding:0}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav li>a{color:#bbb;padding:12px 0 12px 0}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{background:0 0;color:#fff}.navbar-custom li a{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(73,71,71,.3)!important}.navbar-header{float:none}.navbar-collapse{border-top:1px solid transparent;box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:none!important}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav{background-color:#1a1a1a;float:none!important;margin:0!important}.navbar-custom .navbar-nav>li{float:none}.navbar-header{padding:0 130px}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media (max-width:768px){.navbar-header{padding:0 15px}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}}@media (max-width:500px){.navbar-custom .navbar-brand{float:none;display:block;text-align:center;padding:25px 15px 12px 15px}}@media (min-width:992px){.navbar-custom .container-fluid{width:970px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}}@media (min-width:1200px){.navbar-custom .container-fluid{width:1170px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}} @font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Open Sans Light'),local('OpenSans-Light'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem5YaGs126MiZpBA-UN_r8OXOhs.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Open Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Open Sans Regular'),local('OpenSans-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v17/mem8YaGs126MiZpBA-UFW50e.ttf) format('truetype')} @font-face{font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Roboto Bold'),local('Roboto-Bold'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlfChc9.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Roboto;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;src:local('Roboto Black'),local('Roboto-Black'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v20/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmYUtfChc9.ttf) format('truetype')} </style>
</head>
<body class="">
<nav class="navbar navbar-custom" role="navigation">
<div class="container-fluid padding-0">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">
{{ keyword }}
</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="custom-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right" id="menu-menu-principale"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-169" id="menu-item-169"><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-121" id="menu-item-121"><a href="#">Location</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-120" id="menu-item-120"><a href="#">Menu</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-119" id="menu-item-119"><a href="#">FAQ</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-122" id="menu-item-122"><a href="#">Contacts</a></li>
</ul> </div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
{{ text }}
<br>
{{ links }}
<footer class="site-footer">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="site-info">
<p>{{ keyword }} 2021</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:15584:"A rate variance is the difference between the actual price paid for something and the expected price, multiplied by the actual quantity purchased. if ΔP = P TY – P LY (change in price) and ΔV = V TY – V LY (change in volume) Each variance listed below has a clear explanation, formula, […] Download 1, Price Volume Mix Template, is the template that allows for other types of costs/prices. Variance analysis volume mix price fx rate published on may 1 2016 may 1 2016 770 likes 84 comments. Here is the summary of Selling price variances, So, we can say out of total change in profit margin of $268, Price variance represents $113 (rounded), and we can also see that oranges are the largest contributors to the fav. This is an Excel model template for Master Revenue Variance Analysis (Volume, Mix, Price, Fx Rate). Sales mix variance measures the change in profit or contribution attributable to the variation in the proportion of different products from the standard mix. Use either the approach from chapter 8 or from Appendix 8-A to solve. In the case of margin variances, the calculation for product cost is an additional component. revenue finance planning variance analysis volume. The difference between the price of the individual product and the Actual Group Budget Price. How did they turn out from a profit perspective? by P Barber . . Re-examination of Sales Price & Volume Variance. Top Keywords . Baseline Sales figures ~ Would be sales figures if no promotion. Price volume mix analysis formula EDIT 2021-01-12: the latest post and a video on how to calculate a perfect PVM is available here: DAX for the Perfect Price Volume Mix (PVM) Calculation (Power BI Tutorial) EDIT: the most recent post on this topic (and a video) can be found here: The first time I covered PVM for Revenue analysis, I focused more on the implementation Sales volume variance = Sales mix variance + Sales quantity variance Sales volume variance = -3,840 + 8,040 = 4,200 Using the sales volume variance formula. What is the Variance Analysis Formula? variances have been completely eliminated (a difficult task to be sure). Explanation: Sales Mix Variance. (1) Sales price variances are calculated by comparing the actual selling price per unit and the budgeted selling price per unit;each price variance is multiplied by the number of units for each type of product. My first one disappeared. This chart is included in the downloadable bundle. From the above example, management can draw several conclusions: For the standard ticket, the actual sales mix is lower than originally budgeted, leading to an unfavorable sales mix variance. We missed our budgeted profit before taxes rate by only 3.2% so this ghastly unfavorable ‘miss’ in the gross profit rate more than accounts for our profitability problem. I'm looking to compare volume, mix, price, & cost between budget and actuals. The bare minimum you need is data by products — this can be products at the most basic levels like SKUs for each and every product, product groups or even more sophisticated hierarchies with subproducts Sales Mix Variance basically the changing between the budgets Sales Mix and the actual Sales Mixed at the Standard Price. Excel template cost volume profit analysis. Clearly label the calculations of the required variances using Excel. In production departments, variance analysis may be done for different cost components, i.e. VOLUME AND MIX ANALYSIS. This is an Excel model template for Master Revenue Variance Analysis (Volume, Mix, Price, Fx Rate). Hi, could someone please talk me through calculating the price, mix and volume variance. rate-volume-mix-variance-analysis-example-excel 1/4 Downloaded from www.sriphalagroup.org on May 25, 2021 by guest [Book] Rate Volume Mix Variance Analysis Example Excel When people should go to the books stores, search establishment by shop, shelf by shelf, it is essentially problematic. List down the name of brands which sell the same product. pvm price volume mix analysis sales analysis price volume mix effect variance analysis pricing business analysis waterfall revenue bridge financial analysis Description Price-volume-mix analysis is vital in understanding the changes in sales and profits between two periods, between budget and actual or between model scenarios. price volume mix analysis excel template. I've taken your point, though, and I've edited my post to say "change" instead of "variance". This is an Excel model template for Master Revenue Variance Analysis (Volume, Mix, Price, Fx Rate). ... Subtract the variable cost per unit from the sales price per unit to determine each unit’s margin. solve out from volume/price to product mix to channel to region mix, and reveal how each is driving gross margin $ and % changes. Hasaan Fazal. ... a whopping unfavorable variance of 7.7%. Volume price mix costs analysis (VMPC) is a common tool in FMCG companies to break down drivers of Gross Profit (GP) and Net Sales Value (NSV) variances. Price volume mix analysis (pvm) excel template to better understand your sales and improve pricing strategy. Contribution margin is revenue minus all variable expenses. First, this is the second post. The four categories are Sales Volume, Sales Price, Cost Inflation, and Productivity. free by Umit Coskun Price-Volume-Mix Analysis. 1. Volume impact: (FY16 volume – FY15 volume) * FY15 average price (135-120)*0.67 = 9.4; Price impact: (FY16 average price – FY15 average price) * FY16 volume (0.67-0.63)*120 = 5.6; Therefore, in this example, a revenue increase of 15 was driven by a mixture of volume and price. A company’s margin mix is based on its sales mix. In trend analysis the results of multiple periods are listed side-by-side, making it easy to detect trends. This correct methodology provides the ability to drill down to each individual constituent component's contribution to the total mix variance of its' group. Price Volume Mix Analysis Excel Template : Price Volume Mix Analysis Excel Template - Templatesz234 / A given month actual (ytd) vs target/forecast ytd the variance is analyzed through three variables:. ... analysis, one approach is to take the +33 revenue change and split it up into ... Quarterly Price Volume Mix Variance .xlsx This site will give additional background regarding this topic: Contribution Analysis is a special type of part-to-whole analysis where we use the so-called “Waterfall Chart” to assess the contribution of specific data elements to the whole value. Let’s first use an example in normal Excel to see how its logic works and how it influences the calculation of the “Expression”. 6.3%. 5.8%. Let’s first define some values for easier reading. Volume and mix analysis can be a difficult challenge. The next step would be to subject each component product of the group to this analysis, splitting each product's profit variance into its component volume and mix variance contributions. Remember that the sales mix percentage is the product's percentage of total sales. Feel free to use an example that. Back. One of the tools I use at Vendavo, a pricing optimization software company, is a price-volume-mix analysis. The main point in the analysis is the correct extraction of Mix Variance from Volume Variance. . The Volume Variance of Product A is Total Variance minus Mix Variance. Hi, could someone please talk me through calculating the price, mix and volume variance. Var. 3D is sold than expectation of 40%. You will need to defend your reasoning. Method 12: Actual vs target variance charts with floating bars You will have to assign volume and prices as you see fit. To learn how to make this chart head over to this detailed tutorial. Sales Price Variance = (Actual Price – Standard Price) × Actual Sales Units. Hi, could someone please talk me through calculating the price, mix and volume variance. ; For the standard ticket, the actual sales volume is higher than originally estimated, leading to a favorable sales quantity variance. Split the revenue and gross profit changes into three components: price effect, mix effect, and volume effect 7. Our goal is to arrive at a formula where Gross Margin variance (R TY – R LY) (I will explain all buckets of the PVM in my video) is represented by. Values: Formulas of price and quantity effects. Do the same for each of the products sold. Sales mix variance = (Actual sales quantity – Actual sales volume at budgeted mix) * Standard price. $\endgroup$ – Greg Bunker May 21 '16 at 22:35 Competitor pricing analysis template excel templatedesign cf. . So I would like to implement a 'mix' element in the variance analyis. price variance. The Mix Variance amount for each individual product is determined by 3 amounts:. This price volume mix analysis excel template is an unlocked fully automated pvm excel model (100% pure excel, no vba included in the model) which allows you to simply input your revenue, volume sold and direct costs by product for several periods (months. Variance analysis of costs is performed by comparing actual costs and budgeted costs. The Volume Variance isolates the impact on the income statement due to the fact that the average balance was different than expected. Bookmark File PDF Rate Volume Mix Variance Analysis Example Excel 0.236364 x 1.50 x 1100 Mix Variance = 390 The simple math dynamic at the heart of Mix Variance is the This changing Sales Mix will lead to a decrease in profit in 2015. Price Volume Mix Analysis Excel Template / Explaining The Impact Of Sales Price Volume Mix And Quantity Variances On Profit Margin Current Year Vs Last Year Practical Accounting And Finance Training To Get The Job Keep The Job : Pricing modelssales mixvolume price mix analysisprice volume mix analysisvolume price analysis 7,4826add_shopping_cart. Explicit in my recommendations is that "Volume and Mix" differential analysis calculations are completely separate from any considerations of Price, Cost or Fx variances. This may or may not be true. 1. The concept is used to track down instances in which a business is overpaying for goods, services, or labor. Sales Dashboards for retail companies are considered operational analysis tools and are used by sales and product managers analyze important retail metrics. All that is left is to interpret the numbers and determine what management action, if any, is required. Microsoft is working with nasdaq and refinitiv to pull current financial data directly into your. Sales Variance and Profitability Analysis (Price, Mix, Vol) Calculate in Excel and explain variances in Gross profit and Sales versus Budget and Prior periods with recommendations Rating: 4.4 … Get this great template for free here! The Gross Margin increase could be due to either an increase in the price, or reduction in the COGS, and this can only be determined by further analysis of per unit price and cost. price volume mix analysis calculation. 1,876 Discuss add_shopping_cart. $\begingroup$ Hi, thank you for the link but I know what variance is. I'm not referring to the statistical definition of variance, I'm referring to the colloquial definition just meaning the change in income. Chart for analyzing the effects of the variance of price, volume price volume mix analysis is a powerful tool that you can expand with various additional data points to look at the factors that affect your revenues. variances have been completely eliminated (a difficult task to be sure). here you are at our site, article 10753 (10 price volume mix analysis excel templatejb7299) xls published by @excel templates format. You get to decide what assumptions to use for 2010. Sometimes mix is categorized as the fall out – explaining changes in revenue after price and volume are incorporated into the analysis. It still intends to produce 5,000 lamps, but under the new model, each lamp only costs $17 to produce and sells for $55. Get traffic statistics, SEO keyword opportunities, audience insights, and competitive analytics for Volume-and-mix-analysis. The Mix Variance amount for each individual product is determined by 3 amounts:. But the goal of the analysis is to understand the contributing factors that drive up or … Price comparison and analysis excel template features: This price volume mix analysis excel template is an unlocked fully automated pvm excel model (100% pure excel, no vba included in the model) which allows you to simply input your revenue, volume sold and direct costs by product for several periods (months. Basically, there are three type of effects or components that should be considered in order to explain the gap: Price effect: deviation due to apply higher or lower selling prices. In other words, sales price variance is the product of actual units sold and the difference between actual price per unit and standard price per unit. Price Volume Mix Analysis Excel Template / Price volume mix variance analysis adds a little bit more sophistication to the aforementioned approach as it enhances our initial analyses by decomposing how volume or pricing changes of our product assortment contributed to the difference in performance between the actual and target values.. Use this template to perform breakeven analysis. Volume and mix analysis can be a difficult challenge. Compute the volume, mix, and price revenue variances. In theory, V&M should only be carried out after ALL Price, Cost, Fx, etc., etc. by Umit Coskun Financial Affairs Manager at Kordsa Global Follow 16 Consolidated period total analysis Price Variance = 200*(5.2-4.0) = 240 Volume Variance = (200-230)*4 = -120 Sequence of Files. We will discuss later in the sales mix variance. Template For Price-Cost-Volume-FX Mix (PVM) Variance Analysis This document contains design samples and templates for conducting detailed Sales/COGS/GP Variance analysis. You just need to run a price analysis on your excel program based on the data that you already have on the prices that you are currently charging for. Price mix volume analysis excel template / price volume mix analysis eloquens : Analysing the headline revenue numbers of a business can tell you whether sales mix (i.e. Many businesses sell more than one product or service, and those businesses must determine which products are the most profitable. ... Subtract the variable cost per unit from the sales price per unit to determine each unit’s margin. rate mix analysis. ... (Price - Cost)/Unit 1,000 Fav Sales Volume Variance /\ Units Budget (Price - Cost)/Unit 6,400 Fav /\ Mkt Size X X NOTE: Sales Vol. 6.25%. Created Excel models and best practices for download as an author on Eloquens.com with over 180 downloads in four months. 3) Identify the reasons for variations between the years or between the budget and actual (calculate price, volume and mix effects for the whole portfolio and by category). price volume mix analysis excel template. The sales mix variance for A = 1,000 actual units sold * (33.3% actual sales mix - 40% budgeted sales mix) * ($12 budgeted contribution margin per unit), or an ($804) unfavorable variance. Mix effect will be meaningful when analyzing the revenue variance of the portfolio of a product group. 6. GM TY – GM LY = Price Impact + Volume Impact + Mix Impact. This price volume mix analysis model template contains a set of tools, methods, and techniques that will help you calculate and depict variances in a special focus is. Subtract budgeted unit volume from actual unit volume and multiply by the standard contribution margin. then R TY – R LY = P TY *V TY – P LY *V LY. ";s:7:"keyword";s:40:"price volume mix variance analysis excel";s:5:"links";s:818:"<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/winning-and-losing-is-a-part-of-game-quotes">Winning And Losing Is A Part Of Game Quotes</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/benefits-of-sidr-leaves-for-skin">Benefits Of Sidr Leaves For Skin</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/blue-banisters-genius">Blue Banisters Genius</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/site-and-situation-of-settlement-ppt">Site And Situation Of Settlement Ppt</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/absorption-chiller-heat-pump">Absorption Chiller Heat Pump</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/waiting-for-tonight-release-date">Waiting For Tonight Release Date</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/cyykrh/miami-marketing-group">Miami Marketing Group</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
Mini Shell