Current File : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/cache/49c3b2ec5e60562e415657859f57fd59
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:10823:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Franklin%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Libre+Franklin-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Questrial%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Questrial-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dosis%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Dosis-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Poppins-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";.pull-left{float:left}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-LightItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa454xm1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-Italic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizBREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa6zUTiw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-BoldItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa4442m1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light'),local('LibreFranklin-Light'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi20-SI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin'),local('LibreFranklin-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizDREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUf2zI.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold'),local('LibreFranklin-Bold'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi2k_iI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Questrial;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Questrial'),local('Questrial-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/questrial/v9/QdVUSTchPBm7nuUeVf70viFg.ttf) format('truetype')} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em}input{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit}input::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}input{line-height:normal} @media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}.navbar{display:none}} *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}input{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#23527c;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:thin dotted;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}h1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}h1{font-size:36px}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col-lg-4,.col-md-4,.col-sm-4,.col-xs-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col-xs-12{float:left}.col-xs-12{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.col-sm-4{float:left}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-md-4{float:left}.col-md-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-lg-4{float:left}.col-lg-4{width:33.33333333%}}.collapse{display:none}.dropdown{position:relative}.nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background-color:#eee}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar{border-radius:4px}}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-header{float:left}}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;overflow-x:visible;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border-top:1px solid transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-collapse{width:auto;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:block!important;height:auto!important;padding-bottom:0;overflow:visible!important}}.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width:768px){.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}.navbar-nav{margin:7.5px -15px}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;line-height:20px}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-nav{float:left;margin:0}.navbar-nav>li{float:left}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}}.navbar-default{background-color:#f8f8f8;border-color:#e7e7e7}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{color:#777}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#333;background-color:transparent}.navbar-default .navbar-collapse{border-color:#e7e7e7}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before,.container:after,.container:before,.nav:after,.nav:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar:after,.navbar:before,.row:after,.row:before{display:table;content:" "}.clearfix:after,.container:after,.nav:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar:after,.row:after{clear:both}.pull-left{float:left!important}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}.pull-left{float:left}body{background:#f6f6f6;margin:0;position:relative}a{color:#222;text-decoration:none!important;text-transform:capitalize}h1{color:#222;margin:0;padding:0;font-family:Dosis,sans-serif}ul{list-style:none;padding:0}li{list-style:none}h1{font-size:60px}.clearfix:after{content:'';clear:both;display:block}.site-branding a{color:#5a679e}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a,.site-branding a{text-transform:uppercase}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%;margin:0 auto;box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.navbar{margin-bottom:0;background:#222;border-radius:0}.navbar-default{border:none}.header_top_wrap{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 10px;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.navbar-header{margin:0}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{font-size:16px;color:#fff}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#626ea3}.navbar-nav>li{position:relative}.site-branding{text-align:center;margin:0;padding:20px 0 0}.site-branding h1.site-title{margin:0;font-size:inherit}.site-branding a{font-family:Dosis,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:28px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{background:#333}.header_top_wrap .search{float:left}.form-open input{background:0 0;width:100px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #111;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;outline:0;padding:5px 0 5px 5px;-webkit-transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1);transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1)}.header_top_wrap .search input:focus{width:200px}.header_top_wrap .search{margin:20px 0 0}.header_top_wrap .search a{font-size:16px}footer{background:#fff}.footer-coppyright{background:#222;padding:20px 0;margin:80px 0 0}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%}}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.header_top_wrap .search{float:none;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:20px}.header_top_wrap{padding:0}.footer-coppyright{text-align:center}footer{padding:20px 0}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:100%}}</style>
</head>
<body class="woocommerce-no-js hfeed popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout columns-3">
<div class="site" id="page">
<div>
<div class="header-wrap-2" id="header-wrap">
<div class="header_top_wrap">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="search">
<a href="#">
<form action="#" class="form-open clearfix" method="GET" name="myform">
<input class="searchbox" maxlength="128" name="s" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value=""/>
<input name="post_type" type="hidden" value="product"/>
</form>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="site-branding">
<h1 class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="header-section">
<nav class="primary-menu style-4 navbar navbar-default " id="primary-menu" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<div class="container">
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse pull-left" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav dropdown navbar-nav default-nav-menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-2639" id="menu-item-2639"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2387" id="menu-item-2387"><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2400" id="menu-item-2400"><a href="#">My account</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2388" id="menu-item-2388"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul> </div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="" id="content">
{{ text }}
<br>
<br>
{{ links }}
<footer class="ostore-footer">
<div class="footer-coppyright">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" style="text-align:center;color:#FFF">
{{ keyword }} 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</div></div></body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:6204:"The $\sigma$ bond can maintain a full degree of overlap while its two ends rotate. So at normal temperatures, the carbon-carbon bond is constantly rotating. draw the conformers of ethane using both sawhorse representation and Newman projection. d) An sp hybrid orbital from carbon and an a sp orbital from nitrogen. In the case of ethene, there is a difference from, say, methane or ethane, because each carbon is only joining to three other atoms rather than four. It is a region of space in which you can find the two electrons which make up the bond. The H-C-H bond angle is 117°, which is very close to the ideal 120° of a carbon with \(sp^2\) hybridization. These structures are very similar to a 'peace' sign, there is a central atom with three atoms around it, all on one plane. In order to better visualize these different conformations, it is convenient to use a drawing convention called the Newman projection. After completing this section, you should be able to. Ethane Bond Angles. Therefore the molecule would be strained to force the 180° to be a 109°. Interesting note: Rotation about triple bonds is actually okay; Overlap between p orbitals is continuous enough through rotation. The carbon-carbon triple bond in acetylene is the shortest (120 pm) and the strongest (965 kJ/mol) of the carbon-carbon bond types. Conformational isomerism involves rotation about sigma bonds, and does not involve any differences in the connectivity of the atoms or geometry of bonding. The modern structure shows that there are only 2 unpaired electrons to share with hydrogens, instead of the 4 which the simple view requires. The two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms would look like this before they joined together: The various atomic orbitals which are pointing towards each other now merge to give molecular orbitals, each containing a bonding pair of electrons. Legal. Notice two things about them: They all lie in the same plane, with the other p orbital at right angles to it. Have questions or comments? Now that we've got 4 unpaired electrons ready for bonding, another problem arises. Structure and Bonding in Ethene: The \(\pi\) Bond, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_planar, http://bcs.whfreeman.com/vollhardtsc...5e/default.asp. This is the highest energy conformation because of unfavorable electrostatic repulsion between the electrons in the front and back C-H bonds. You should read "sp3" as "s p three" - not as "s p cubed". All double bonds (whatever atoms they might be joining) will consist of a sigma bond and a pi bond. These different conformations result in higher and lower energy forms of Ethane. The number of bonds it makes determines the structure. 4. The lowest energy conformation of ethane, shown in the figure above, is called the ‘staggered’ conformation. A single carbon atom can make up to four bonds, but by looking at its electron configuration this would not be possible because there are only two electrons available to bond with. Notice that when drawing the Newman projection of the eclipsed conformation of ethane, you cannot clearly draw the rear hydrogens exactly behind the front ones. The explanation here is relatively straightforward. In the staggered conformation, all of the C-H bonds on the front carbon are positioned at an angle of 60° relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon. After completing this section, you should be able to. Ethene is the formal IUPAC name for H2C=CH2, but it also goes by a common name: Ethylene. When a + lobe overlaps with a - lobe this creates an anti-bonding orbital interaction which is much higher in energy, and therefore not a desirable interaction. Well it is, in order to make the four bonds, the carbon atom promotes one of the 2s electrons into the empty \(2p_z\) orbital, leaving the carbon with four unpaired electrons allowing it to now form four bonds. You will be familiar with drawing methane using dots and crosses diagrams, but it is worth looking at its structure a bit more closely. There is a serious mis-match between this structure and the modern electronic structure of carbon, 1s22s22px12py1. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Since the \(\pi\) bond is essential to the structure of Ethene it must not break, so there can be not free rotation about the carbon-carbon sigma bond. You aren't going to get four identical bonds unless you start from four identical orbitals. An electron group can mean either a bonded atom or a lone pair. Bonds involving sp3-sp3overlap (as in alkane A) are the longest and weakest of the group, because of the 75% ‘p’ character of the hybrids. In the diagram, the black dots represent the nuclei of the atoms. This reorganises the electrons into four identical hybrid orbitals called sp3 hybrids (because they are made from one s orbital and three p orbitals). If this is the first set of questions you have done, please read the introductory page before you start. In this conformation, the distance between the bonds (and the electrons in them) is maximized. Another 60° rotation returns the molecule to a second eclipsed conformation. For clarity, the nucleus is drawn far larger than it really is. Nothing changes in terms of the shape when the hydrogen atoms combine with the carbon, and so the methane molecule is also tetrahedral with 109.5° bond angles. Sites such as these are referred to as functional groups or functionalities. Figure 3.6.1: The potential energy associated with the various conformations of ethane varies with the dihedral angle of the bonds. 0 0. If we now rotate the front CH3 group 60° clockwise, the molecule is in the highest energy ‘eclipsed' conformation, and the hydrogens on the front carbon are as close as possible to the hydrogens on the back carbon. These are sigma bonds - just like those formed by end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals in, say, ethane. It does this by using the \(2s\) electron and two of the \(2p\) electrons, leaving the other unchanged. Two or more structures that are categorized as conformational isomers, or conformers, are really just two of the exact same molecule that differ only in rotation of one or more sigma bonds. ";s:7:"keyword";s:20:"bond angle of ethane";s:5:"links";s:4196:"<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-what-bird-lays-blue-eggs-with-brown-spots">What Bird Lays Blue Eggs With Brown Spots</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-turner-sports-car-for-sale">Turner Sports Car For Sale</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-solignum-soil-guard-price-philippines">Solignum Soil Guard Price Philippines</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-heaviest-dog-in-the-world-2020">Heaviest Dog In The World 2020</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-used-ford-focus-hatchback-for-sale">Used Ford Focus Hatchback For Sale</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-queens-wood-cafe">Queens Wood Cafe</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-plank-with-dumbbell-raise">Plank With Dumbbell Raise</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-cadbury-orange-creme-eggs-discontinued">Cadbury Orange Creme Eggs Discontinued</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-effective-teaching-strategies-that-accommodate-diverse-learners-pdf">Effective Teaching Strategies That Accommodate Diverse Learners Pdf</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-kate-bush-wave">Kate Bush Wave</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-why-is-my-cat-water-fountain-not-working">Why Is My Cat Water Fountain Not Working</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-carl-rogers-on-becoming-a-person-quotes">Carl Rogers On Becoming A Person Quotes</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-nature%27s-care-insecticidal-soap-home-depot">Nature's Care Insecticidal Soap Home Depot</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-how-do-i-get-rid-of-bugs-on-my-gardenia%3F">How Do I Get Rid Of Bugs On My Gardenia?</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-fort-sam-houston-independent-school-district">Fort Sam Houston Independent School District</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-garden-city-community-college-jobs">Garden City Community College Jobs</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-is-sanchez-an-italian-name">Is Sanchez An Italian Name</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-chinese-font-generator">Chinese Font Generator</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-new-beginning-in-tagalog">New Beginning In Tagalog</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-donkey-ear-kalanchoe">Donkey Ear Kalanchoe</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-continental-tires-rebate">Continental Tires Rebate</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-warhammer-40k-necrons">Warhammer 40k Necrons</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-ks2-maths-targeted-question-book---year-5">Ks2 Maths Targeted Question Book - Year 5</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-best-album-covers-2019-rap">Best Album Covers 2019 Rap</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-scale-model-cars-meaning">Scale Model Cars Meaning</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-girl-names-that-start-with-t">Girl Names That Start With T</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-goblin-encounter-ideas">Goblin Encounter Ideas</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-cheap-lat-pulldown-machine">Cheap Lat Pulldown Machine</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-nsw-casual-teacher-pay-dates-2020">Nsw Casual Teacher Pay Dates 2020</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-homemade-fruit-fly-trap-plastic-bottle">Homemade Fruit Fly Trap Plastic Bottle</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-lg-uk6090pua-65">Lg Uk6090pua 65</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-when-do-husky-tool-boxes-go-on-sale">When Do Husky Tool Boxes Go On Sale</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
Mini Shell