Current File : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/cache/1f23237359367a38389b209f5fa79db2
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:10823:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Franklin%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Libre+Franklin-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Questrial%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Questrial-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dosis%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Dosis-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Poppins-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";.pull-left{float:left}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-LightItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa454xm1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-Italic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizBREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa6zUTiw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-BoldItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa4442m1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light'),local('LibreFranklin-Light'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi20-SI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin'),local('LibreFranklin-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizDREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUf2zI.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold'),local('LibreFranklin-Bold'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi2k_iI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Questrial;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Questrial'),local('Questrial-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/questrial/v9/QdVUSTchPBm7nuUeVf70viFg.ttf) format('truetype')} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em}input{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit}input::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}input{line-height:normal} @media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}.navbar{display:none}} *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}input{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#23527c;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:thin dotted;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}h1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}h1{font-size:36px}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col-lg-4,.col-md-4,.col-sm-4,.col-xs-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col-xs-12{float:left}.col-xs-12{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.col-sm-4{float:left}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-md-4{float:left}.col-md-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-lg-4{float:left}.col-lg-4{width:33.33333333%}}.collapse{display:none}.dropdown{position:relative}.nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background-color:#eee}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar{border-radius:4px}}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-header{float:left}}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;overflow-x:visible;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border-top:1px solid transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-collapse{width:auto;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:block!important;height:auto!important;padding-bottom:0;overflow:visible!important}}.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width:768px){.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}.navbar-nav{margin:7.5px -15px}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;line-height:20px}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-nav{float:left;margin:0}.navbar-nav>li{float:left}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}}.navbar-default{background-color:#f8f8f8;border-color:#e7e7e7}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{color:#777}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#333;background-color:transparent}.navbar-default .navbar-collapse{border-color:#e7e7e7}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before,.container:after,.container:before,.nav:after,.nav:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar:after,.navbar:before,.row:after,.row:before{display:table;content:" "}.clearfix:after,.container:after,.nav:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar:after,.row:after{clear:both}.pull-left{float:left!important}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}.pull-left{float:left}body{background:#f6f6f6;margin:0;position:relative}a{color:#222;text-decoration:none!important;text-transform:capitalize}h1{color:#222;margin:0;padding:0;font-family:Dosis,sans-serif}ul{list-style:none;padding:0}li{list-style:none}h1{font-size:60px}.clearfix:after{content:'';clear:both;display:block}.site-branding a{color:#5a679e}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a,.site-branding a{text-transform:uppercase}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%;margin:0 auto;box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.navbar{margin-bottom:0;background:#222;border-radius:0}.navbar-default{border:none}.header_top_wrap{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 10px;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.navbar-header{margin:0}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{font-size:16px;color:#fff}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#626ea3}.navbar-nav>li{position:relative}.site-branding{text-align:center;margin:0;padding:20px 0 0}.site-branding h1.site-title{margin:0;font-size:inherit}.site-branding a{font-family:Dosis,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:28px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{background:#333}.header_top_wrap .search{float:left}.form-open input{background:0 0;width:100px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #111;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;outline:0;padding:5px 0 5px 5px;-webkit-transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1);transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1)}.header_top_wrap .search input:focus{width:200px}.header_top_wrap .search{margin:20px 0 0}.header_top_wrap .search a{font-size:16px}footer{background:#fff}.footer-coppyright{background:#222;padding:20px 0;margin:80px 0 0}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%}}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.header_top_wrap .search{float:none;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:20px}.header_top_wrap{padding:0}.footer-coppyright{text-align:center}footer{padding:20px 0}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:100%}}</style>
</head>
<body class="woocommerce-no-js hfeed popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout columns-3">
<div class="site" id="page">
<div>
<div class="header-wrap-2" id="header-wrap">
<div class="header_top_wrap">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="search">
<a href="#">
<form action="#" class="form-open clearfix" method="GET" name="myform">
<input class="searchbox" maxlength="128" name="s" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value=""/>
<input name="post_type" type="hidden" value="product"/>
</form>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="site-branding">
<h1 class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="header-section">
<nav class="primary-menu style-4 navbar navbar-default " id="primary-menu" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<div class="container">
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse pull-left" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav dropdown navbar-nav default-nav-menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-2639" id="menu-item-2639"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2387" id="menu-item-2387"><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2400" id="menu-item-2400"><a href="#">My account</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2388" id="menu-item-2388"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul> </div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="" id="content">
{{ text }}
<br>
<br>
{{ links }}
<footer class="ostore-footer">
<div class="footer-coppyright">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" style="text-align:center;color:#FFF">
{{ keyword }} 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</div></div></body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:9114:"Source(s): hybridization oxygen: https://tr.im/50lYZ. Organophosphates are made up of a phosphorus atoms bonded to four oxygens, with one of the oxygens also bonded to a carbon. Legal. In both cases the sulfur is sp3 hybridized, however the sulfur bond angles are much less than the typical tetrahedral 109.5o being 96.6o and 99.1o respectively. In a thiol, the sulfur atim is conded to one hydrogens and one carbon and is analogous to an alcohol. Both the sets of lone pair electrons on the oxygen are contained in the remaining sp3 hybridized orbital. Due to the sp3 hybridization the nitrogen has a tetrahedral geometry. Note that, in this course, the term “lone pair” is used to describe an unshared pair of electrons. In other compounds, covalent bonds that are formed can be described using hybrid orbitals. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Note that in acetic acid one of the oxygen atoms is bonded to only one atom. After hybridization these five electrons are placed in the four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals. Missed the LibreFest? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. One of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with an sp3 hybridized orbital from carbon to form the C-N sigma bond. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. However, the H-N-H and H-N-C bonds angles are less than the typical 109.5o due to compression by the lone pair electrons. Hybridization of Oxygen? When determining the hybridization, do I count the lone pairs? 1.10: Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur, 1.9: \(sp\) Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, 1.11: The Nature of Chemical Bonds- Molecular Orbital Theory. In a sulfide, the sulfur is bonded to two carbons. The three unpaired electrons in the hybrid orbitals are considered bonding and will overlap with the s orbitals in hydrogen to form N-H sigma bonds. As with carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms can be sp3-, sp2- or sp‑hybridized. Typically, phosphorus forms five covalent bonds. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Dimethyl amine would have one lone pair and would show a pyramidal geometry around the nitrogen. However, phosphorus can have have expanded octets because it is in the n = 3 row. Note! Diethyl ether would have two lone pairs of electrons and would have a bent geometry around the oxygen. Two of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with s orbitals from hydrogens to form the two N-H sigma bonds. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. In biological system, sulfur is typically found in molecules called thiols or sulfides. As with carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms can be sp3-, sp2- or sp‑hybridized. The nitrogen is sp3 hybridized which means that it has four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The simplest example of a thiol is methane thiol (CH3SH) and the simplest example of a sulfide is dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)3S]. Note! Watch the recordings here on Youtube! One of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with s orbitals from a hydrogen to form the O-H signma bonds. The valence-bond concept of orbital hybridization can be extrapolated to other atoms including nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Dr. Dietmar Kennepohl FCIC (Professor of Chemistry, Athabasca University), Prof. Steven Farmer (Sonoma State University). Just as for sp3 nitrogen, a pair of electrons is left on the nitrogen as a lone pair. Diethyl ether would have two lone pairs of electrons and would have a bent geometry around the oxygen. Insert the missing lone pairs of electrons in the following molecules. Phosphorus can have have expanded octets because it is in the n = 3 row. Dr. Dietmar Kennepohl FCIC (Professor of Chemistry, Athabasca University), Prof. Steven Farmer (Sonoma State University). This bonding configuration was predicted by the Lewis structure of NH3. Nitrogen will also hybridize sp2 when there are only two atoms bonded to the nitrogen (one single and one double bond). These electrons will be represented as a two sets of lone pair on the structure of H2O . Have questions or comments? After completing this section, you should be able to apply the concept of hybridization of atoms such as N, O, P and S to explain the structures of simple species containing these atoms. The three N-H sigma bonds of NH3 are formed by sp3(N)-1s(H) orbital overlap. The two electrons in the filled sp3 hybrid orbital are considered non-bonding because they are already paired. One of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with an sp3 hybridized orbital from carbon to form the C-O sigma bond. There are two lone pairs of electrons located on the oxygen atom (not shown) and the resulting geometry is bent with a bond angle ~109 degrees. However, the H-O-C bond angles are less than the typical 109.5o due to compression by the lone pair electrons. The oxygen is sp3 hybridized which means that it has four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Missed the LibreFest? Organophosphates are made up of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygens, with one of the oxygens also bonded to a carbon. The four sp3 hybrid orbitals of nitrogen orientate themselves to form a tetrahedral geometry. Note that in acetic acid one of the oxygen atoms is bonded to only one atom. Nitrogen is frequently found in organic compounds. Oxygen bonded to two atoms also hybridizes as sp3. After hybridization these six electrons are placed in the four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals. In biological molecules, phosphorus is usually found in organophosphates. However, the H-N-H and H-N-C bonds angles are less than the typical 109.5o due to compression by the lone pair electrons. One of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with an sp3 hybridized orbital from carbon to form the C-O sigma bond. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. The electron configuration of oxygen now has two sp3 hybrid orbitals completely filled with two electrons and two sp3 hybrid orbitals with one unpaired electron each. The oxygen is sp3 hybridized which means that it has four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The geometry about nitrogen with three bonded ligands is therefore trigonal pyramidal. The two O-H sigma bonds of H2O are formed by sp3(O)-1s(H) orbital overlap. Both the sets of lone pair electrons on the oxygen are contained in the remaining sp3 hybridized orbital. The geometry of sulfur compounds is essentially the same as for oxygen compounds with sp3 hybridization found with two atoms bonded to sulfur. The carbon atom has a negative charge, and the oxygen atom has a positive charge. The interaction between the transition metal 3 d and the oxygen 2 p states via hybridization underpins many of the phenomena in transition metal oxide materials. Have questions or comments? The four sp3 hybrid orbitals of oxygen orientate themselves to form a tetrahedral geometry. One of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with an sp3 hybridized orbital from carbon to form the C-N sigma bond. For instance, I have CH3OCH3 with 2 lone pairs around the oxygen. However, the H-O-C bond angles are less than the typical 109.5o due to compression by the lone pair electrons. The oxygen in H2O has six valence electrons. Because sulfur is positioned in the third row of the periodic table it has the ability to form an expanded octet and the ability to form more than the typical number of covalent bonds. Make certain that you can define, and use in context, the key term below. 1.9: sp Hybrid Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene, 1.11: Describing Chemical Bonds- Molecular Orbital Theory. In hybridization of H 2 O, the oxygen atom is sp 3 hybridized. Note that, in this course, the term “lone pair” is used to describe an unshared pair of electrons. During the formation of a water molecule, we focus on the oxygen atom. The nitrogen atom also hybridizes in the sp2 arrangement, but differs from carbon in that there is a "lone pair" of electron left on the nitrogen that does not participate in the bonding. 1.10: Hybridization of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur. The fourth sp3 hybrid orbital contains the two electrons of the lone pair and is not directly involved in bonding. The two remaining sp3 hybrid orbitals each contain two electrons in the form of a lone pair. In a thiol, the sulfur atom is bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon and is analogous to an alcohol O-H bond. Legal. Nitrogen is frequently found in organic compounds. Two of the sp3 hybridized orbitals overlap with s orbitals from hydrogens to form the two N-H sigma bonds. ";s:7:"keyword";s:23:"hybridization of oxygen";s:5:"links";s:3009:"<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-corona-beer-name-change">Corona Beer Name Change</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-simple-harmonic-motion-spring">Simple Harmonic Motion Spring</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-beethoven-moonlight-sonata-no-14">Beethoven Moonlight Sonata No 14</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-wendy%27s-chili-recipe">Wendy's Chili Recipe</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-industrial-engineering-and-management-journal">Industrial Engineering And Management Journal</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-rollator-wheel-replacement">Rollator Wheel Replacement</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-homemade-reese%27s-peanut-butter-bars">Homemade Reese's Peanut Butter Bars</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-hypergeometric-distribution-calculator">Hypergeometric Distribution Calculator</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-pink-bridesmaid-dresses-with-sleeves">Pink Bridesmaid Dresses With Sleeves</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-tilda-lime-and-coriander-rice">Tilda Lime And Coriander Rice</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-yugioh-card-shop">Yugioh Card Shop</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-nitration-of-anisole-major-product">Nitration Of Anisole Major Product</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-buy-non-alcoholic-beer">Buy Non Alcoholic Beer</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-social-media-marketing-trends-2021">Social Media Marketing Trends 2021</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-kid-friendly-fruit-and-vegetable-recipes">Kid-friendly Fruit And Vegetable Recipes</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-3-methyl-3-hexanol-%2B-hcl">3-methyl-3-hexanol + Hcl</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-simon-belmont-death">Simon Belmont Death</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-diet-generator-login-page">Diet Generator Login Page</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-doterra-bug-spray-recipe">Doterra Bug Spray Recipe</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-atlantic-city-michelin-star-restaurants">Atlantic City Michelin Star Restaurants</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-what-is-classical-physics-class-11">What Is Classical Physics Class 11</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-beach-cliff-sardines-in-mustard-sauce-review">Beach Cliff Sardines In Mustard Sauce Review</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-great-value-energy-drink-mix-ingredients">Great Value Energy Drink Mix Ingredients</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
Mini Shell