Current File : /var/www/html/digiprint/public/site/cache/0f93bf7b0fba3e36e61015c01fb6cef6
a:5:{s:8:"template";s:10823:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Libre+Franklin%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Libre+Franklin-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Questrial%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Questrial-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dosis%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Dosis-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C400%2C700%2C300&ver=4.7.16" id="google-fonts-Poppins-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";.pull-left{float:left}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-LightItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa454xm1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-Italic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizBREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa6zUTiw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold Italic'),local('LibreFranklin-BoldItalic'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizGREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUa4442m1npiA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local('Libre Franklin Light'),local('LibreFranklin-Light'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi20-SI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Libre Franklin'),local('LibreFranklin-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizDREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRiUf2zI.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:'Libre Franklin';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local('Libre Franklin Bold'),local('LibreFranklin-Bold'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/librefranklin/v4/jizAREVItHgc8qDIbSTKq4XkRi2k_iI0q14.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Questrial;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local('Questrial'),local('Questrial-Regular'),url(http://fonts.gstatic.com/s/questrial/v9/QdVUSTchPBm7nuUeVf70viFg.ttf) format('truetype')} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-size:2em}input{margin:0;font:inherit;color:inherit}input::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border:0}input{line-height:normal} @media print{*,:after,:before{color:#000!important;text-shadow:none!important;background:0 0!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a,a:visited{text-decoration:underline}a[href]:after{content:" (" attr(href) ")"}a[href^="#"]:after{content:""}.navbar{display:none}} *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}input{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#23527c;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:thin dotted;outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}h1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h1{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}h1{font-size:36px}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col-lg-4,.col-md-4,.col-sm-4,.col-xs-12{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}.col-xs-12{float:left}.col-xs-12{width:100%}@media (min-width:768px){.col-sm-4{float:left}.col-sm-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-md-4{float:left}.col-md-4{width:33.33333333%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-lg-4{float:left}.col-lg-4{width:33.33333333%}}.collapse{display:none}.dropdown{position:relative}.nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background-color:#eee}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar{border-radius:4px}}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-header{float:left}}.navbar-collapse{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;overflow-x:visible;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border-top:1px solid transparent;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1);box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-collapse{width:auto;border-top:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.navbar-collapse.collapse{display:block!important;height:auto!important;padding-bottom:0;overflow:visible!important}}.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}@media (min-width:768px){.container>.navbar-collapse{margin-right:0;margin-left:0}}.navbar-nav{margin:7.5px -15px}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;line-height:20px}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-nav{float:left;margin:0}.navbar-nav>li{float:left}.navbar-nav>li>a{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}}.navbar-default{background-color:#f8f8f8;border-color:#e7e7e7}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{color:#777}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:focus,.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#333;background-color:transparent}.navbar-default .navbar-collapse{border-color:#e7e7e7}.clearfix:after,.clearfix:before,.container:after,.container:before,.nav:after,.nav:before,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-collapse:before,.navbar-header:after,.navbar-header:before,.navbar:after,.navbar:before,.row:after,.row:before{display:table;content:" "}.clearfix:after,.container:after,.nav:after,.navbar-collapse:after,.navbar-header:after,.navbar:after,.row:after{clear:both}.pull-left{float:left!important}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width}.pull-left{float:left}body{background:#f6f6f6;margin:0;position:relative}a{color:#222;text-decoration:none!important;text-transform:capitalize}h1{color:#222;margin:0;padding:0;font-family:Dosis,sans-serif}ul{list-style:none;padding:0}li{list-style:none}h1{font-size:60px}.clearfix:after{content:'';clear:both;display:block}.site-branding a{color:#5a679e}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a,.site-branding a{text-transform:uppercase}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%;margin:0 auto;box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.navbar{margin-bottom:0;background:#222;border-radius:0}.navbar-default{border:none}.header_top_wrap{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 10px;box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.navbar-header{margin:0}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a{font-size:16px;color:#fff}.navbar-default .navbar-nav>li>a:hover{color:#626ea3}.navbar-nav>li{position:relative}.site-branding{text-align:center;margin:0;padding:20px 0 0}.site-branding h1.site-title{margin:0;font-size:inherit}.site-branding a{font-family:Dosis,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:28px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{background:#333}.header_top_wrap .search{float:left}.form-open input{background:0 0;width:100px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid #111;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;outline:0;padding:5px 0 5px 5px;-webkit-transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1);transition:.5s all cubic-bezier(.55,0,.1,1)}.header_top_wrap .search input:focus{width:200px}.header_top_wrap .search{margin:20px 0 0}.header_top_wrap .search a{font-size:16px}footer{background:#fff}.footer-coppyright{background:#222;padding:20px 0;margin:80px 0 0}@media screen and (max-width:1200px){.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:95%}}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.header_top_wrap .search{float:none;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:20px}.header_top_wrap{padding:0}.footer-coppyright{text-align:center}footer{padding:20px 0}.popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout{width:100%}}</style>
</head>
<body class="woocommerce-no-js hfeed popular-ecommerce-theme-box-layout columns-3">
<div class="site" id="page">
<div>
<div class="header-wrap-2" id="header-wrap">
<div class="header_top_wrap">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="search">
<a href="#">
<form action="#" class="form-open clearfix" method="GET" name="myform">
<input class="searchbox" maxlength="128" name="s" placeholder="Search..." type="text" value=""/>
<input name="post_type" type="hidden" value="product"/>
</form>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-4 col-xs-12">
<div class="site-branding">
<h1 class="site-title"><a href="#" rel="home">{{ keyword }}</a></h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="header-section">
<nav class="primary-menu style-4 navbar navbar-default " id="primary-menu" role="navigation">
<div class="navbar-header">
<div class="container">
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse pull-left" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav dropdown navbar-nav default-nav-menu" id="menu-primary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-2639" id="menu-item-2639"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2387" id="menu-item-2387"><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2400" id="menu-item-2400"><a href="#">My account</a></li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2388" id="menu-item-2388"><a href="#">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul> </div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="" id="content">
{{ text }}
<br>
<br>
{{ links }}
<footer class="ostore-footer">
<div class="footer-coppyright">
<div class="container">
<div class="row" style="text-align:center;color:#FFF">
{{ keyword }} 2020
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</div></div></body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:6983:". Calculate the factorial of a positive integer. Tutorials on evaluating and simplifying expressions with factorial notation. For example, a positive diagnostic result of 'hypertension' is a diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg; whereas for 'anaemia', a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl is required. .…is a crude measure of whether these events are independent. The probability of having both a positive exercise test and coronary artery disease is thus P(T+ and D+). Company Information - Public Health Action Support Team CIC, [registered in England and Wales under Company No. In other situations it may be by 'expert' opinion. Now specificity is the probability of a negative test result (event T-) given that the disease is absent (event D-) and can be written as P(T-|D-). Therefore, for mutually exclusive events the probability of either A or B occurring is given by: Example: If event A is that a person is blood group O and event B is that they are blood group B, then these events are mutually exclusive since a person may only be either one or the other. .…which is what we previously calculated (bar a small rounding error). Tutorial on how to read and interpret stem and leaf diagrams. Thus the specificity is h/(g+h)=300/307=0.977 or 98%. stream Bayes' theorem enables the predictive value of a positive test to be related to the sensitivity of the test, and the predictive value of a negative test to be related to the specificity of the test. . Statistics: Elementary Probability Theory. Thus the Likelihood Ratio of a positive test is the probability of getting a positive result when a subject has the disease, to the probability of a positive test given the subject does not have the disease. In terms of Bayes' theorem, the diagnostic process is summarised by: \({\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{D}} + {\rm{|T}} + } \right) = {\rm{\;}}\frac{{{\rm{P}}({\rm{T}} + |{\rm{D}} + ){\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{D}} + } \right)}}{{{\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{T}} + } \right)}}\). These concepts are summarised in Table 2. It can be shown that Bayes' theorem can be summarised by: Odds of disease after test = Odds of disease before test x likelihood ratio, From Table 3, the likelihood ratio is 0.80/(1–0.74)=3.08, and so the odds of the disease after the test are 3.08x2.33=7.2. P(A and B)=0. This can be verified from the post-test probability of 0.88 calculated earlier, so that the post-test odds are 0.88/(1–0.88)=7.3. Heart failure was identified when NT-proBNP > 36 pmol/l. Example: If event A is a person getting neuropathy and event B that they are diabetic, then P(A|B) is the probability of getting neuropathy given that they are diabetic. Discrete probability distributions, normal probability distributions and introduction to inference The probability of the ace of hearts given that the card is red is 1/26. Statistics and Probability Problems with Answers - sample 1: Statistics and Probability Problems with Answers - sample 2: Statistics and Probability Problems with Answers - sample 3: Linear Regression - Problems with Solutions, Normal Distribution Problems with Answers. In terms of betting, one would be willing to lay odds of about 7:3 that the patient does have coronary artery disease. Tutorial on how to read and interpret pie charts. A similar result is obtained for specificity. mean, mode, standard deviation, quartiles, frequency distribution of qualitative data. The usefulness of a test will depend upon the prevalence of the disease in the population to which it has been applied. Elements of Probability and Statistics Probability Theory provides the mathematical models of phenomena governed by chance. 227 0 obj Conditional Probabilities Examples and Questions, Binomial Probabilities Examples and Questions, Poisson Probabilities Examples and Questions, Geometric Probabilities Distributions Examples, Hypergeometric Probabilities Distributions Examples, Multiplication Rule for Probabilities for Independent Events, Properties of the Normal Distribution Curve. << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 739 >> In this case the sensitivity would be 70/206=0.34, which is unchanged from the previous value. Table 1: Results of NT-proBNP assay in the general population over 45 and those with a previous diagnosis of heart failure (after Hobbs, David, Roalfe et al, BMJ 2002). Calculate the number of permutations of n elements taken r at the time. Mutually Exclusive Events - Examples With Solutions, Tutorial on Discrete Probability Distributions, Binomial Probability Distribution Calculator, Normal Distribution Probability Calculator, Mean and Standard deviation - Problems with Solutions. \({\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{D}} + {\rm{|T}} + } \right) = {\rm{\;}}\frac{{1{\rm{\;}} \times 0.001}}{{0.05095}} = 0.02\). A probability gives the likelihood that a defined event will occur. An interactive tutorial using an applet to explore the effects of the mean and standard deviation on the graph of a normal distribution. The prevalence of coronary artery disease in these patients is 1023/1465=0.70. The current series of Probability Theory and Statistics are based on two introductory books for beginners : A Course of Elementary probability Theory and A course on Descriptive Statistics. x�m�Oo�0���)8)<6���n�V��&��`�$V6P��߾c��M�B��ޛ1�zS|U2Cu��ϙ,��1 The question of deciding whether events are or are not independent is clearly an important one and belongs to statistical inference. Suppose a doctor is confronted by a patient with chest pain suggestive of angina, and that the results of the study described in Table 3 are available. Reading and Interpreting Stem and Leaf Diagrams - Examples With Solutions. Elementary Statistics and Probability Tutorials and Problems. If A and B are independent events, then the probability of event B is unaffected by the probability of event A (and vice versa). This is an example of a conditional probability, the condition being that event A has happened. Table 2: Summary of definitions of sensitivity and specificity. Probability and statistics problems are also included. Sometimes students confuse independent events and mutually exclusive events, but one can see from the above that mutually exclusive events cannot be independent. Reading Pie Charts - Examples With Solutions. Counting problems are presented along with their detailed solutions. Thus the sensitivity is given by e/(e+f)=35/103=0.340 or 34%. This is because the numbers of subjects with the disease may be small, and in this case the proportion correctly diagnosed will have considerable uncertainty attached to it. Probability can be expressed in a number of ways. Statistical Theory provides the mathe-matical methods to gauge the accuracy of the probability models based on observations or … \({\rm{\;P}}\left( {{\rm{D}} + {\rm{|T}} + } \right) = {\rm{\;}}\frac{{{\rm{P}}({\rm{T}} + |{\rm{D}} + ){\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{D}} + } \right)}}{{{\rm{P}}\left( {{\rm{T}} + } \right)}}\). ";s:7:"keyword";s:37:"elementary probability and statistics";s:5:"links";s:3149:"<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-pizza-club-discount">Pizza Club Discount</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-personal-life-blogs">Personal Life Blogs</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-toyota-bus-price">Toyota Bus Price</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-family-practice-midwest-city%2C-ok">Family Practice Midwest City, Ok</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-the-masons-apron-song">The Masons Apron Song</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-tomato-towers-canada">Tomato Towers Canada</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-6-or-8-inch-shiplap">6 Or 8 Inch Shiplap</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-big-4-accounting-firms-ranking-2020">Big 4 Accounting Firms Ranking 2020</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-2005-ford-five-hundred-limited">2005 Ford Five Hundred Limited</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-sonny-stitt-death">Sonny Stitt Death</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-a-letter-to-my-mom-in-heaven">A Letter To My Mom In Heaven</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-harry-hood-jr">Harry Hood Jr</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-audio-visual-in-tagalog">Audio Visual In Tagalog</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-transferor-meaning-in-english">Transferor Meaning In English</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-defective-charge-sheet-labour-law">Defective Charge Sheet Labour Law</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-slow-growing-chick">Slow Growing Chick</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-marion-county%2C-fl-homes-for-sale">Marion County, Fl Homes For Sale</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-2016-e350-0-60">2016 E350 0-60</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-year-9-english-curriculum-2020">Year 9 English Curriculum 2020</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-kidnapping-books-non-fiction">Kidnapping Books Non Fiction</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-fender-drive-pedal">Fender Drive Pedal</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-chihuahua-puppies-for-sale-in-va">Chihuahua Puppies For Sale In Va</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-ford-fiesta-performance-upgrades">Ford Fiesta Performance Upgrades</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-carolina-movie-horror">Carolina Movie Horror</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-bmw-breakers-kent">Bmw Breakers Kent</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-diabetic-custard-powder">Diabetic Custard Powder</a>,
<a href="http://digiprint.coding.al/site/page.php?tag=41e064-lisa-brenner-instagram">Lisa Brenner Instagram</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}
Mini Shell