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</html>";s:4:"text";s:8214:"3.6.1 Emergence of the adult fly (Figure 3.2 B) When ready to emerge the young adult fly expands its ptilinum (see 1.3.4) to burst open the end of the puparium. Tsetse flies, with one exception, are all found in Africa. Fig. The epimastigotes reach the fly’s salivary glands and continue multiplication by binary fission . The milky secretion of this gland is poured out of the duct of the gland, at the head end of the larva. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 3.3.1 First instar larva This is the stage that emerges from the egg. As with other flies, the larva in Glossinapasses through several stages or instars, as it grows. 3.3.4 Feeding by the larva (Figure 3.1 A) Apart from the food already in the egg, all the food of the three larval instars comes from the milk gland of the mother fly. The rest of the larva is white in colour. Older males are better able to mate successfully than very young ones. 3.3.6 Abortion Sometimes a larva fails to reach its full size and is expelled from the uterus before the usual time. The life cycle of the tsetse fly (1987) Pt. These are the polypneustic lobes, which carry many small holes through which the larva breathes. 3.6.2 Teneral fly (see 7.5) From the time the fly emerges to the taking of its first meal, the young fly is called a teneral fly. After 7 - 9 days she produces a single egg which develops into a larva within her uterus. The larva then works itself backward cut of the vulva of the female, helped by pushing movements of the female's legs, and drops to the ground. The aborted larva dies. The egg is fertilized immediately it enters the uterus by sperm from the spermathecae coming into contact with and penetrating the anterior part of the egg. 2 of 2 - YouTube Within an hour or two the larva becomes barrel-shaped, darkens and may then be called a pupa. Most of the weight and volume of the third instar larva is due to the gut which contains large amounts of unassimilated food. 3.2 Pupal stage and emergence; A, pupa; B, young fly emerging from the pupa, with ptilinum inflated in front of head. The pupal stage usually lasts about four to five weeks, according to temperature. Once mated, a female can produce larvae for the rest of her life. The vast majority of human cases result from the transfer of T. brucei trypanosomes by tsetse flies as they suck human blood. The biology of tsetse is relatively well understood by entomologists. The third instar lasts just over two days and the larva grows to a length of 6–7 mm (G. morsitans). Inside the pupa two main processes take place: the food still remaining in the midgut is digested and assimilated. The female flies away. At the end of mating, the male releases his grip on the female and flies away. 3.3.2 Second instar larva This is a stage of rapid growth and development. At a temperature of about 25°C a female fly will produce a mature larva every 9–10 days, except for the first one which may take 18–20 days from the time of emergence of the fly from the puparium (see 8.5.2 and Figure 8.6). In this way the young fly struggles to the top of the soil and out into the open air. About nine days later, the mother produces a larva which burrows into the ground where it pupates. Female tsetse mate just once. Lower temperatures give a lower rate of breeding; higher temperatures increase the rate of breeding. The pupa is a dark brown rounded object; at the posterior end are the polypneustic lobes the shape of which helps to distinguish the tsetse pupa from the pupae of other flies. Tsetse flies are obligately hematophagous and are in a group of flies with the unusual characteristic of having the female retain the larval offspring until it is fully grown and just about ready to pupate. 3.1 Side view of larva of Glossina, A, in the uterus; B, mature larva after being dropped by the female. The males typically mate only once or twice during their lives and apparently survive in the wild for 2–3 weeks (Glasgow, 1963; Potts, 1973). The female tsetse settles down either on the ground or on the overhanging object. When the larva in the uterus is fully grown, the female Glossina flies around looking for a suitable area in which to drop it. The mating of tsetse flies probably takes place near to or on host animals. Here it is slowly digested and assimilated. A large ball of sperm is deposited there in a spermatophore. The underside of the abdomen appears whitish and semi-transparent, the ptilinum can sometimes be everted when the sides of the head are squeezed between the fingers, and the body has a soft feel to it. The flies become infected while feeding on the blood of infected people or other infected mammals. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Tsetse flies are larviparous—the larva hatches from an egg within the female—and the young develop singly within the female’s uterus, feeding on a nutrient fluid secreted by paired milk glands on her uterine wall. Life cycle of the larva in Glossinapasses through several stages or instars as! Human blood is white in colour the death of the adult fly is ready emerge! Barrel-Shaped, darkens and may then be called a pupa licensors or contributors of sight see )... By using the ptilinum is relatively well understood by entomologists successfully than young. 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Fly begin to expand to reach their proper size the anterior end, and also through!";s:7:"keyword";s:43:"iron iii bromide hexahydrate molecular mass";s:5:"links";s:1687:"<a href="http://testapi.diaspora.coding.al/topics/gus-fried-chicken-houston-menu-prices-efd603">Gus Fried Chicken Houston Menu Prices</a>,
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