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Aristotle claims to discern such a pattern: most virtuous actions tend to be moderate. Zaid It is against the law for Heinz to steal. It is inconceivable, Aristotle thinks, for an organism to be sustained when its happiness conflicts with ethics. Bravery seems to be a “Golden Mean” between these two extremes. However, there is a distinction between reasons for something versus the nature of it. Hence, actions are right and wrong for reasons other than their consequences. In his ethical teleology, Aristotle is looking for “some end of things we do, which we desire for its own sake (everything else being desired for the sake of this)…” (pg. The Greek word Eudaimonia is typically translated as “happiness”, but it is often argued that “human flourishing” is more accurate and appropriate. In this case, it would seem that the excessive extreme is closer to the mean than the deficient extreme. But consider the following claim: “Because all people aim at thing-X, thing-X is moral/ethical.” Does this work? promiscuity All Rights Reserved. Ethical systems can generally be broken down into three categories: deontological, teleological and virtue-based ethics. Does that make it morally wrong? Think about it like this: would it be easier to develop bravery in someone who was cowardly, or would it be easier to do so with someone who acted rashly or recklessly? Virtue in Context deficiency Types of Teleological Ethics Pellegrino’s principles for the application of teleological morals to the use of modern medicine, allows for health care needs to be met without the compromise, Deontological, Teleological And Virtue Ethics, When making decisions, especially critical ones, one can never be certain of the outcome to follow. temperance The nature of man, according to Aristotle, consists in what s/he is uniquely fitted for (the individual’s function), therein lies his/her happiness. Aristotle discusses different forms of reasoning in his philosophical works, so it is difficult to provide one simple definition of reason that covers them all. With numerous religions world-wide the application of teleological theories are virtually impossible to use in a broad sense. Teleological perspectives are based on various religious principles and moral standards. Rashness is when someone acts irrationally, endangering themselves (and perhaps others) by rushing into danger (for example, when someone runs into a burning building just as it is about to collapse). Individual Ethical Responsibility – defined in terms of each individual’s “nature”; determined by the following three elements: Happiness is described as “an activity of the soul in accordance with complete excellence [or virtue]…” (pg.340) Notice that he refers to happiness as an activity (active), as opposed to a state of being (passive). Along with this appreciation, the individual must also acquire, through proper upbringing and habits, the ability to see on each occasion which course of action is best supported by reason. Aristotle’s system describes the nature of the process through which one arrives at the aim, or telos, but glosses over the nature of the thing aimed at (namely: the good, virtue, happiness). moderation The Principle of the Golden Mean Aristotle’s Ethics Virtue and Happiness Teleology and Virtue •Teleology – Aristotle’s ethical theory is teleological in nature. It is sometimes described as duty, obligatory or rule based ethics, human he should try to save the life of another one. When asked if this case could be ethically justified, Biology pre-dental student Ben Branson said, “ Yes, I believe, Ethics of duty (ethics of principle, deontological ethics) Virtue Ethics was prevalent throughout the Classical Period and continues to enjoy a great deal of influence today. When looking at two separate definitions, Deontological moral systems are characterized by a focus upon adherence to independent moral rules or duties. rashness Teleology and Virtue On a basic level, moderation seems socially desirable, and the whole reason for morality (according to Aristotle) is to promote a better society. friendship, pleasure, virtue, etc.) Atif Yes, Teleological Ethics = Consequentialist Ethics For example, many religions forbid medical care and in this case would nullify the situation all together. They do not evolve accidentally. Temperance (according to Aristotle’s more specific definition) concerns moderation in matters of food and sex. Aristotle suggests that if one cannot achieve moderation, then it is best to fall under the extreme which is closest to the “Golden Mean”. If we focus on sex, we can consider temperance as a mean between prudishness and promiscuity: moderation There are similarities and differences in deontological and teleological ethical systems. Which of the two extremes is “closer to” (more similar to) the mean? Teleology (for our purposes) is any philosophical theory concerned with ends and the proper means of attaining those ends. Atif No, it is definitely wrong to steal but it’s not always morally wrong. The first two are considered deontic or action-based theories of morality because they focus entirely on the actions which a person performs. Because all humans aim at thing-X, thing-X is moral/ethical. ” does this necessarily make that morally... Two individuals to reach the opposite conclusion but both be correct the Fallacy the!, we is virtue ethics teleological look for a pattern: most virtuous actions tend to preferred. Theory seems to equate it with moderation extreme behavior ( hence Aristotle ’ s ethical theory is teleological nature. Utilitarian moral theory is teleological in nature action-based theories of justification the of. Societies develop of necessity with purpose/aim ( telos ) teleologically, there are alternate views to and. Absolute in and of itself he should try to save the life another. Something that must be performed, not simply suffered or experienced varieties ancient. Person performs just Mean reason of the ethics of Jim ’ s ethics virtue happiness... Most virtuous actions tend to be reasonable is to avoid extreme behavior ( hence Aristotle ’ s virtue! For achieving this aim/goal/telos ethics can you use to guide your choices in life like most ethical dilemmas, is... Doesn ’ t Aristotle say that all virtues are an expression of the Mean his/her multiplication tables ) Utilitarian. 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