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</html>";s:4:"text";s:32931:"Since individual steel pellets weigh less than lead pellets of the same size, hunters must typically use larger diameter steel shot or suffer degraded terminal performance. of the tungsten-based shot. Obviously, 3-1/2″ in the smaller 12 bore can’t hold the same amount of lead and powder as 3-1/2″ in the larger bore of the ten if all things are equal. If we were to fire it out of a 7 lb Winchester Model 101 Field, it would generate 13.9 ft lbs recoil energy. Indeed, the relatively low felt recoil of the 20 gauge also makes it well suited for self defense and makes it easier to take a rapid follow-up shot. Marketing forces drive physics, not the other way around. I’ll go over the history of shotshells, how they got their naming convention, compare and contrast some of the more popular shotgun gauges (the 12 gauge vs 20 gauge in particular), and provide some recommendations on the best uses for each. The 3-1/2″ 12 is the hot gun now, so it gets the attention and development work. The scale for wire thickness ascends in reverse order by two. Anybody who leads you to believe that a .0597" difference is the difference between being able to get in and not is pulling your leg. It is for me and I have long arms. For this reason, they are also the most likely to get mixed up. In my personal hunting experiences (I’m 65 now), I found the 28gauge to be the most versitile shooter for anything from small game (like rabbit/squirrel) to dove and quail. My Grandad told me that he had two double barrel shotguns when he was growing up, a 10 and an 8 guage (which I never saw but wish I had), and that his father had a 4gauge double. Yes, not as wide a pattern, not as much shot capacity, but easier to swing onto target, and reaches out almost as far as a 12. The 10Ga is a SXS and weighs about 10 pounds. Obviously they do nothing about recoil. GAUGE TO THICKNESS CHART Gauge Stainless Galvanized Sheet Steel Aluminum Fraction inches (mm) inches (mm) inches (mm) inches (mm) 30 0.0125 (0.33) 0.0157 (0.40) 0.0120 (0.30) 0.0100 (0.25) (Often in error. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute (SAAMI) standards for those same shotgun bore sizes are listed below. This will obviously cause a barrel obstruction with potentially catastrophic results if the shotgun is subsequently fired without removing the obstruction. When a short shell is used in a long chamber, normal pattern variance is accentuated. Note that the published standards are for a smooth barrel and have a tolerance of +.020″ (.51mm). If it is a 16, he is pretty good. Glad you enjoyed the article Jeremy! This is also true with a 10 gauge (or 10 bore) ball compared to a 12 gauge (or 12 bore) round ball. In between is in between. This might be an unusual application for some, but we felt it represented a great scenario. The 12 gauge is so popular because it’s powerful enough to hunt most species of game, but the recoil of a 12 gauge is much more manageable than the 10 gauge. A 20-amp circuit requires wire that’s 12-gauge or larger. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. For instance, a 12 pound cannon (aka a 12 pounder) shot a round ball that weighed approximately 12 pounds. With that being the case, only one of our recommendations hit that level, the 100-foot 12-gauge extension cord with a full 15A draw. All things being equal, a larger bore has more potential to heave more shot faster. The difference in 3″ vs 3-1/2″ 12 payload is only 3/16 oz of steel (Reminton 1-3/8 oz 3″ vs 1-9/16 3-1/2″) or 1/4 oz of lead (Remington 2 oz 3″ vs 2-1/4 oz 3-1/2″). If they are correct it means that you will get a better pattern from a 2-3/4″ shell used in a 2-3/4″ chamber than you will with that same shell used in a 3″ or 3-1/2″ chamber. So, 20 gauge shells are yellow in order to make them easy to identify and to minimize the chances of loading a 20 gauge shell in a 12 gauge shotgun. All other things being equal, a larger bore shotgun with a heavier load of shot will throw more pellets and therefore produce a denser shot pattern at a given range than a smaller bore shotgun with a lighter load of shot. This is why a 10 gauge shotgun has a larger diameter than a 12 gauge shotgun, which has a larger diameter than a 20 gauge shotgun, etc. The 3½” 12 gauge, on the other hand, tops out at 2¼ ozs., and … Is the 10 (3.5) more powerful than the 12 gauge (3.5) Can you shoot at longer ranges with the 10 instead of the 12, using the same shot size in a 3.5 inch shell? Everyone thinks that if they buy a 3-1/2″ 12, that they can shoot everything from light 2-3/4″ target loads up to 3-1/2″ Roman candles. I’m sure that you could get away with a modest amount. Most people probably know that there are 16 ounces in a pound. For this reason, most 16 gauge shells are loaded with #4, 5, 6, 7 1/2, and 8 sized shot. Hunting larger game animals, like turkey and goose, usually requires heavier loads of larger sized shot. Bottom line: 3-1/2″ 12 or 10? Continuing down that same line of thought from 12 to 8 to 4 pound projectiles, the naming convention switches from “pounds” to “bore” when we drop below 1 pound of lead. ONLY reload shells in accordance with the data supplied by a good reloading manual. Hint: a higher number gauge is not better! For example, a 2 Bore rifle has a nominal bore diameter equal to the diameter of lead ball weighing 1/2 pound, a 4 Bore rifle has a bore diameter of a 1/4 pound lead sphere, etc. 10 Gauge: The 10 gauge shotgun is primarily used by waterfowl hunters, especially for goose hunting. than the 10 gauge which weighs around 10 pounds. Furthermore, smokeless powder is considerably more powerful than black powder and you should NEVER reload shotgun shells using “drams” or “dram equivalents” of smokeless powder. This is a very smart, well articulated article which I found to be very informative; particularly the history behind Drams (never knew)! The 19th Century became the 20th Century, and as the years and decades went by the 10 gauge continued to slip in popularity. So, 12 round lead balls of 12 gauge diameter would weigh 1 pound, but since they’re smaller, it would take 20 balls of 20 gauge diameter to weigh a pound. One final thing to keep in mind about 20 gauge shotgun shells is that, regardless of the manufacturer, current production 20 gauge shells are ALWAYS yellow. Back in the days of black powder, drams were commonly used to measure the amount of black powder in a particular load. Obviously, the 12 will have a longer shot column and more shot deformation with lead shot, so it will require more tweaking for it to pattern as tightly at distance. Well, are you related to the Marquis de Sade? There’s yet another consideration with the long shells. Its stout recoil coupled with the heavy weight of most 10 gauge shotguns also limits the appeal of that bore size to most hunters. In the 10 gauge the heaviest factory turkey loads (available from HEVI-Shot) feature an enormous 2 3/8 ozs. It’s also found a niche in combination and/or survival guns like the M6 Aircrew Survival weapon, which had a .22 Hornet barrel over a .410 shotgun barrel. There is a slight edge to the 10, but not much. Back then, cannons were named in accordance with the mass of the projectile they shot, not by their bore diameter. A shotgun with a longer chamber can generally safely use smaller shells, but the opposite is not true. For instance, lead free, non-toxic shot is mandated for waterfowl hunting in North America. While that’s extremely important, there are many other important characteristics of shotgun shells to keep in mind as well. Thanks for your support. Lets break down what each of those things means. There are two black bear seasons per year: no rifles, no slugs allowed, besides deer and elk openings. 28 gauge and .410 shells are small enough they they’ll travel all the way through a 12 gauge barrel without getting stuck. The 12Ga being able to shoot 2 3/4" shells is a better all around gun as it can easily shoot dove to geese. The 10 will be more comfortable to shoot and offer slightly superior ballistic performance. Do you understand the word pain? load), but that’s about it. .410 Bore: As the smallest shotgun bore in common use, the diminutive .410 is commonly used for small game hunting. That being said, the 16 gauge can do just about everything else almost as good as the 12 gauge, but with a little bit less recoil. Reference the table below to see the diameter of some of the most common shot sizes as well as the approximate number of lead pellets of that size that weigh one ounce. This helps support the blog and allows me to continue to create free content that’s useful to hunters like yourself. 3-1/2″ 12 1-1/2″ oz steel 1390 fps, Remington factory: Fortunately, it’s no longer necessary to actually do the calculations necessary to determine the internal diameter of the barrel for the most popular shotgun bores. The pump action of the 3-1/2″ Remington 870 requires comprehensive medical insurance. Almost all 28 gauge ammunition options are concentrated in the smaller 6, 7 1/2, 8 , and 9 shot sizes ideal for skeet shooting as well as squirrel, rabbit, dove, grouse, and quail hunting. For example, take a look at the photo below of a box of 20 gauge shotgun shells. Winchester markets this particular ammunition for upland bird hunting, sporting clays, skeet, and trap. They enable the 12 gauge to function almost similar to the 10 gauge. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. BUY A GREAT ALL-AROUND 12 GAUGE SHOTGUN HERE, BUY SOME EXCELLENT 12 GAUGE SHOTSHELLS HERE. 1/21/21 Update From President of Federal Ammo, Cole Gunsmithing:Behind The Scenes At Naples, FL, Hartmann’s Hint #76: Cell Phones on the Field. For all practical purposes, these numbers are pretty close. To put it into perspective, here are the thicknesses of the gauge steels in inches: 7 gauge .1793" 10 gauge .1345" 11 gauge .1196" The difference between 11 gauge and 7 gauge is .0597". It isn’t always successful. It’s also based on an old, outdated measuring system that has gradually evolved over the years. The difference between 10- and 12-ga. payloads is most apparent in turkey ammunition. This means that with your 12 you shoot trap one day and launch a 3-1/2″ satellite the next, all with the same gun. The 28 gauge is commonly available in a number of lightweight and easy to carry shotguns. BUY SOME EXCELLENT 20 GAUGE SHOTSHELLS HERE. While the 20 gauge is on the light side for deer, turkey, and waterfowl hunting, it will work in a pinch for those situations. Shot patterns are traditionally measured by shooting at the center of 30″ circle at 40 yards and counting the number of pellets that hit inside the circle. As you can see, the number of individual pellets in an ounce decreases as the pellets increase in size. Doing anything else can be very dangerous. Several factors contributed to this state of affairs, but the transition to steel shot for waterfowl in particular really hurt usage of the 16 gauge and it’s now one of the least commonly used shotgun sizes used in North America. Well, there are 16 drams in an ounce. For example, the Federal Premium’s 2.75-inch shells loaded with sabot slugs in 12-gauge and 20-gauge have noticeable differences in ballistics. Produced in just about every type of shotgun from semi-automatics to pump actions and everything in between, the 12 gauge is the shotgun of choice for big game, turkey, waterfowl, upland, and small game hunters. So, a 2 1/2 dram load of black powder would weigh 68.35 grains. Large bore black powder rifles were named in this manner and this also is where the system for measuring shotgun gauges comes from. The ten has got to hold more stuff if everything is optimized. The individual shells are loaded with a 2 1/2 dram equivalent of powder and 7/8 of an ounce of 7 1/2 size shot. For blowers will 12 amps or less, use a 16-gauge light-duty cord within 50 feet of your outlet. So therefore, there are 256 drams in a pound. So, 7 1/2 birdshot is .095″ in diameter (.17 – .075 = .095). To determine the size of birdshot, just subtract the shot size from .17″. It’s available in a wide variety of shotgun types (primarily pump and semi-auto) and 20 gauge loads are manufactured in just about every size from #9 all the way up to #2 buckshot loads and slugs. The longer shell capability necessitates a longer “shuck” stroke. “Power” and “range” pale in importance when compared to “accuracy”. Would never attempt using it for duck or geese, but then I would never use my 30-06 on a rhino hunt either, and I still shoot trap/skeet with my 12g 870 Wingmaster, not prefered by many in that application but does wonders for me. If you’re looking for the most versatile shotgun possible, then the choice is clear: get a high quality 12 gauge shotgun, preferably one with a 3″ chamber than can accommodate both 2 3/4″ and 3″ shells. A 3″ 12 will be better for target shooting practice before hunting season, particularly if you prefer a gas auto. Gauge SlipX Solutions® Shower Curtain Liner Weights & Gauges; 3: Click to View All Lightweight Shower Liners: Thin … The 10 gauge is also known to have more power, more recoil, and larger shells. If you’d rather listen than read, you can either just press play below or click the appropriate link to download the episode through your preferred service. If you’re a little bit more sensitive to recoil, then get a 20 gauge shotgun, which has a marked recoil advantage over the 12 gauge. However, the actual diameter of the bore will sometimes vary. Remember when we talked about how lead is more dense than steel earlier in the article? So in this case, you could safely fire those 2 3/4″ shells in a 20 gauge shotgun with either a 2 3/4″ or a 3″ chamber. What is Wire Gauge? In addition to the fact that 20 gauge shells are so common, they’re also the perfect size to cause an especially dangerous situation. To really understand the naming convention of shotgun gauges, we need to head back to the days of black powder. plastic drum weighing around 50 lbs. The spot where it says “2 3/4 inches” references the length of one of these shells after it has been fired. The 10 gauge and 16 gauge are much less common than the rest, but are by no means rare. The 3 1/2″ 12 gauge shells are best suited for waterfowl hunting, particularly for geese. In addition to gauge, shotgun shells also come in varying lengths with different loads of powder, shot weight, shot size, and shot composition. With all of those things in mind, we can determine that the box of 20 gauge shells we’ve been talking about contains approximately 306 lead pellets that are .095″ in diameter (350 7 1/2 size pellets in an ounce multiplied by 7/8 of an ounce). In short, the smaller the gauge of a shotgun, the larger the bore diameter. .410 ammunition and shotguns are pretty common and easy to find as well. Change ). They use the lighter loads when their plaintive calls and quacks actually work and use the monsters on the bluebird days when a SAM missile is more appropriate. Hodgdon: This means that a given number of individual lead pellets will weigh more than the same number of pellets of the same diameter made out of some other material. I’m not taking sides on this one yet as it is still winter in Connecticut where I live so I won’t pattern. Here is a nice 12 Gauge shell with ⅞ oz of shot and a 1,200 fps muzzle velocity. The numbers are often referred to as just “gauge,” so 14AWG wire is the same as 14-gauge wire. My 12 gauge merely rocked the barrel back and forth. Both models are available in 12 gauge and 20 gauge variants. The end result is something of a convoluted mess that the average hunter can really struggle to make heads or tails out of. So, increasing the shot size comes at the expense of a thinner shot pattern if the total shot weight remains the same. Additionally, I recorded an entire podcast episode on this exact subject. Hunters can tighten up the shot spread to a certain extent by using a choke, which is a constriction on the muzzle of the shotgun. They’re usually about 1/2″ shorter when loaded. Obviously, if they’re made out of the same material, a 12 pound round ball will be larger in diameter than an 8 pound ball. While the .410 bore is available in most shot sizes, its light payload and correspondingly thinner pattern can make the .410 a challenging shotgun to hunt with at anything other than short range. It’s very appealing in concept. This is not the case with other types of shot like BB and buckshot. A 10 gauge cable will not get you enough juice to jump your vehicle, and a 6 gauge should give you plenty of oomph unless you need to jump-start a dump truck. Your odds are certainly better at longer distances with a 12-gauge if you're using buckshot loads. A long time ago, somebody somewhere determined that a certain 12 gauge shotgun load firing 1 1/8 ounces of shot with 3 drams of black powder (82 grains) had a muzzle velocity of 1,200 feet per second. The Technoid writing for Shotgun Report, LLC I’m 65 and have seen a lot in my day, but to watch a 4″ gun touch off black powder would have been a real sight. Similarly, people will use a 12-gauge for small-game hunting like rabbits and squirrels. Look on the barrel or chamber of your shotgun to determine the proper length shell it can use. Additionally, many gun enthusiasts know that there are 7,000 grains in a pound. Never in doubt.). The 12 gauge can be brutal to shoot for a grown man, not to mention a smaller woman or a teen in the house. Also, look at the breaker for the circuit in question to see if it’s a 15-amp or a 20-amp breaker. The shell lengths and gauges listed below are standardized by SAAMI and are therefore the most widely available and easy to find. You’ll still occasionally run into boxes still bearing dram equivalent markings, but they’re getting less and less common. The 10 was always a step child. There is one exception to this rule: the .410 bore. It’s really confusing, but ever since then, companies manufactured shotgun shells listing the powder load in terms of drams of black powder. Image credit: KYTan/Shutterstock.com. John, You’re welcome! Up to you. Thank you for the detailed explanations for the gauges. This is because of the previously discussed advantages of the larger bore and longer shell length offered by the 10 gauge when using non-toxic shot compared to all other shotgun gauges in common use. A gas action 3-1/2″ 12 like the Browning Gold helps a great deal. Now we get to the 2 1/2 dram equivalent part. Dram equivalents are good for making an apples to apples comparison (all other things equal, a 2 3/4 dram eq. 3-1/2″ 10 1-3/4 oz steel 1260 fps Additionally, some upland and turkey hunting loads intended for use on larger birds will sometimes use copper-plated shot that’s less likely to deform on impact. 10 gauge shot guns tend to be much heavier than 12 gauges. Hence, if you are using 10 gauge for an application requiring only 30 gauge, it will more than handle any current flow. Though not as tightly defined as machine screws and nuts which must mate with one another, nails are standardized to some degree, particularly those used for structural purposes. ( Log Out / They’ll also do the trick for waterfowl, turkey, and big game, but the larger 3″ magnum shells are more popular for hunting those species. ( Log Out / The light recoil of the 20 gauge, combined with the fact that it has a much denser shot pattern than the .410 bore, helps explain why the 20 gauge is so popular among small framed as well as younger shooters and hunters. Well, I disagree. Not surprisingly, 12 gauge ammunition is also widely available in virtually every shot size from #9 up to 000 Buckshot and slugs. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Thanks for your comment! 3-1/2″ 12 2-1/4 oz lead 1150 fps, Alliant: Leaf blower. As you can probably imagine, there’s something of a sweet spot when it comes to shot size and weight for certain game. However, the shot weight can only be increased to a certain degree for a particular gauge and shell length. Thanks so much for taking the time to share this and keep up the good work as I truly enjoyed it. For turkey hunting, it makes sense to use all you can for that one head shot at 50 yards. Though they are far from the only really good shotgun options, I personally prefer either a Remington Model 870 or a Mossberg 500. The big thing is that the 12 will also handle inexpensive target loads and this will allow you to practice, practice, practice on clays so that you can actually hit something when … Dear Dave, I would get a 12 instead of a 10. Glad you found the article useful! Aside from shotgun slugs, shotgun shells are loaded with a large number of pellets. I can’t emphasize enough how important this is. So, in theory, the 3-1/2″ ten is more potent than the 3-1/2″ 12 because it’s a .775″ bore 10 against a .729″~.742″ (backbore) 12. For that reason, the .410 is most commonly used by brand new sportsmen, expert clay shooters, or well seasoned hunters looking for a challenge like Ruark described in his quail hunting quote above. Almost all the 3-1/2″ pumps are converted from the 3″ models by lengthening the receiver and bolt, while redoing some internal stuff. The 10 versus 12 gauge is simply a function of ballistics. A different way of saying the same thing would be to describe shotgun gauges in terms of the number of lead balls of a certain diameter necessary to weigh 1 pound. 12 and 20 gauge are by far the most commonly used shotgun gauges. Lets be clear here: dram equivalents should only be used for a general comparison between two different shotgun loads. Lots of guys with 3-1/2″ 12s carry a number of shells of different length. Indeed, advances in non-toxic shotgun ammunition over the past few decades have dramatically improved the suitability of the 20 gauge for waterfowl hunting. This makes it easier to hit a target, particularly one that is moving, out to a certain range. Personally, I prefer the 3″ 12. All things being equal, a larger bore has more potential to heave more shot faster. No wonder they were eventually outlawed. However, increasing the size of shot results in fewer individual pellets. The same goes for taking longer range shots. A brief discussion of nails and standard nail sizes. There’s a bit on this in the Browning FAQ section on their internet site. Around here, I would say that 10Ga. Guess that’s enough clearance depending on which projectile you use. Additionally, the individual pellets all slow down as they leave the barrel. 10 vs 12 is just a simple function of ballistics. (The men riding "shotgun" on Wells Fargo stagecoaches in the Old West were issued 10 gauge doubles.) 16 Gauge: While it remains relatively popular in Europe, the 16 gauge never really caught on with American hunters. The Big Game Hunting Blog is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk, Amazon.ca, Amazon.com.au, and other Amazon stores worldwide. There’s a reason for that. This means that there are 27.34 grains in a dram. Shoulder fired weapons that fired projectiles weighing less than 1 pound used a closely related system. So, we have a system where a 10 gauge shotgun has a bore diameter the same size as a 1/10 pound ball of lead and the diameter of the barrel on a 12 gauge shotgun is the size of a 1/12 pound lead ball. Please regard this as second priority and I am looking forward to your response. 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