%PDF- %PDF-
Mini Shell

Mini Shell

Direktori : /var/www/html/diaspora/api/public/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/cache/
Upload File :
Create Path :
Current File : /var/www/html/diaspora/api/public/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/cache/3978c33817f929438dcd51c4723c95ca

a:5:{s:8:"template";s:13490:"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
<title>{{ keyword }}</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato%3A100%2C300%2C400%2C700%2C900%2C100italic%2C300italic%2C400italic%2C700italic%2C900italic&amp;ver=4.9.13" id="redux-google-fonts-rdx_option-css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
<style rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";.site-content:after,.site-content:before{content:"";display:table}.site-content:after{clear:both}html{overflow-y:scroll}body{color:#575756;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:fixed;background-position:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-top:-1px;overflow-x:hidden}h2{font-weight:400}h2{font-size:30px;line-height:44px}a{color:#428bff;cursor:pointer}a:focus{outline:0}p{margin-bottom:25px}@media (max-width:1200px){body{font-size:14px!important;line-height:24.5px!important}p{margin-bottom:21.875px;font-size:14px}}.navbar{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid transparent}.widget{margin-bottom:40px}.widget:first-of-type h2{margin-top:0}.widget h2{font-size:16px;color:#2b4269;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px}.li-footer h2{margin-top:0;color:#428bff}.li-footer p{margin-bottom:15px}.li-footer .footer-widget-bar .container{padding-top:85px;padding-bottom:70px}.li-footer .footer-copyright .container{padding-top:26px;padding-bottom:26px}.li-footer-style-1 .footer-widget-bar{background-color:#f8f9fc}.li-footer-style-1 .footer-copyright{background-color:#2b4269;color:#fff}@media (max-width:768px){.li-footer .footer-copyright{text-align:center}}.li-header{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.15);transition:background-color .5s ease}.li-header .navbar{margin-bottom:0}.li-header.header-style-1 .navbar{min-height:80px}.li-header.header-style-1 .mega_main_menu .menu_holder .menu_inner>ul>li{padding-bottom:20px}.li-header.header-style-1 .mega_main_menu .menu_holder{padding:20px 0 0 0}.mega_main_menu .menu_holder{padding:20px 0 0 0}@media (max-width:959px){.mega_main_menu .menu_holder{padding-bottom:20px}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.mega_main_menu .menu_holder .menu_inner>ul>li{padding:5px!important;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.3)!important}} html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}footer,nav{display:block}a{background-color:transparent}a:active,a:hover{outline:0} *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}html{font-size:10px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}body{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#333;background-color:#fff}a{color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none}a:focus,a:hover{color:#23527c;text-decoration:underline}a:focus{outline:5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:-2px}h2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1.1;color:inherit}h2{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}h2{font-size:30px}p{margin:0 0 10px}ul{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px}.container{padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:768px){.container{width:750px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{width:970px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{width:1170px}}.row{margin-right:-15px;margin-left:-15px}.col-md-4,.col-sm-8{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-right:15px;padding-left:15px}@media (min-width:768px){.col-sm-8{float:left}.col-sm-8{width:66.66666667%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-md-4{float:left}.col-md-4{width:33.33333333%}}.navbar{position:relative;min-height:50px;margin-bottom:20px;border:1px solid transparent}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar{border-radius:4px}}.container:after,.container:before,.navbar:after,.navbar:before,.row:after,.row:before{display:table;content:" "}.container:after,.navbar:after,.row:after{clear:both}@-ms-viewport{width:device-width} style{display:none!important;max-width:0!important;max-height:0!important;visibility:hidden!important;opacity:0!important}.mega_main_menu ul:after,.mega_main_menu:after,.mega_main_menu:before{content:'';display:table;clear:both;float:none;width:100%;height:0;border:0 none}.mega_main_menu{float:none;position:relative;margin:0;height:inherit;-webkit-transition:all .4s;-moz-transition:all .4s;-ms-transition:all .4s;-o-transition:all .4s;transition:all .4s}.mega_main_menu *{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;-moz-box-sizing:border-box!important;-ms-box-sizing:border-box!important;-o-box-sizing:border-box!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;outline:0}.mega_main_menu .item_link *{line-height:131%}.mega_main_menu a{cursor:default}.mega_main_menu a[href]{cursor:pointer}.mega_main_menu ul.mega_main_menu_ul{position:relative;margin:0;padding:0}.mega_main_menu,.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder,.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner,.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>.mega_main_menu_ul{font-size:0;letter-spacing:0;word-spacing:0;line-height:0;display:block;visibility:visible;overflow:visible;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder{position:relative}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.mmm_fullwidth_container{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;height:100%;width:100%}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul{z-index:2000;list-style:none;float:none;width:auto;position:relative;top:auto;bottom:auto;left:auto;right:auto;border:0 none;background:0 0}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link *{font-size:inherit;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal;line-height:inherit}.mega_main_menu .nav_logo{display:block;vertical-align:top;float:left;position:relative;z-index:2100}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;margin:0;padding:0;float:none;height:auto;width:auto;overflow:visible;background-color:transparent;border:0 none}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li[class*=columns]{width:auto}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link{text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;position:relative;display:block;padding:0 17px;margin:0;top:auto;bottom:auto;left:auto;right:auto}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li .item_link{width:auto;height:auto;min-width:inherit;max-width:inherit}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>.link_content{display:block;float:none;padding:0;position:static;border:0 none}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link .link_text{white-space:normal;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:normal;display:table-cell;line-height:120%;vertical-align:middle;position:static;padding:0;border:0 none;height:auto}.mega_main_menu a.disable_icon>i,.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link.disable_icon i{display:none}.mega_main_menu ul>li a.item_link{text-decoration:none}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:after{content:'';display:block;width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:50%;right:5px;margin-top:-2px;border-width:4px 3px;border-style:solid}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:last-child:after{display:none}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul li>.item_link:hover{box-shadow:none;float:none;text-decoration:none}.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul li>a.item_link:hover{cursor:pointer}.mega_main_menu .item_link>.link_content>.link_text{display:inline;white-space:normal;word-wrap:break-word;word-break:normal}.mega_main_menu li.menu-item{position:relative}@media (max-width:1199px){.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link{padding-left:13px;padding-right:13px}}@media (max-width:991px){.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link{padding-left:10px;padding-right:10px}}@media (max-width:959px){.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul li,.mega_main_menu>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul li>.item_link{cursor:pointer}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner{width:auto!important}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>.nav_logo{float:none}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>.nav_logo:after{content:'';display:table;clear:both;width:100%;height:0;position:relative}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:before{display:none}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li{float:none;display:block;width:100%}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable li>.item_link{float:none}.mega_main_menu.responsive-enable>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:after{right:5px;left:auto;border-width:4px 3px;border-top-color:inherit;border-right-color:transparent!important;border-bottom-color:transparent!important;border-left-color:transparent!important}}.mega_main_menu.primary{min-height:40px}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>.link_content{height:40px;line-height:40px}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>.link_content>.link_text{height:40px}@media (max-width:959px){.mega_main_menu.primary{min-height:40px}}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>i{width:35px}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.mmm_fullwidth_container{background-color:#253c58}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link .link_text{font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>i{font-size:20px}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link>i:before{width:20px}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link *{color:#fff}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:after{border-color:#fff;color:#fff}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link{background-color:#253c58}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li:hover>.item_link,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:focus,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:hover{background-color:#253c58}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li:hover>.item_link,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li:hover>.item_link *,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:focus,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:hover,.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li>.item_link:hover *{color:#f8f8f8;border-color:#f8f8f8}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>ul>li:hover>.item_link:after{border-color:#f8f8f8}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.mmm_fullwidth_container{border-radius:0}.mega_main_menu.primary>.menu_holder>.menu_inner>span.nav_logo{border-radius:0}.mega_main_menu .menu_holder .menu_inner>ul>li{padding-bottom:20px}</style>
 </head>
<body class="">
<div class="page-container fluid" id="li-page-top">

<div class="li-header header-style-1 show">

<nav class="navbar">

<div class="mega_main_menu primary primary_style-flat responsive-enable" id="primary">
<div class="menu_holder">
<div class="mmm_fullwidth_container"></div>
<div class="menu_inner" role="navigation">
<span class="nav_logo">
<h2 style="color:white;">
{{ keyword }}
</h2>
</span>
<ul aria-label="MENU" class="mega_main_menu_ul" id="main_ul-primary" role="menubar">
<li class="scroll-to menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13 default_dropdown default_style drop_to_right submenu_default_width columns1" id="menu-item-13">
<a class="item_link disable_icon" href="#" role="menuitem" tabindex="0">
<i class=""></i>
<span class="link_content">
<span class="link_text">
				Home
			</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="scroll-to menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-50 default_dropdown default_style drop_to_right submenu_default_width columns1" id="menu-item-50">
<a class="item_link disable_icon" href="#" role="menuitem" tabindex="0">
<i class=""></i>
<span class="link_content">
<span class="link_text">
				Services
			</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-56 default_dropdown default_style drop_to_right submenu_default_width columns1" id="menu-item-56">
<a class="item_link disable_icon" href="#" role="menuitem" tabindex="0">
<i class=""></i>
<span class="link_content">
<span class="link_text">
				Blog
			</span>
</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>

<div class="hfeed site -topbar" id="page">
<div class="site-content" id="content">
{{ text }}
</div>
<footer class="li-footer li-footer-style-1" id="colophon">
<div class="footer-widget-bar footer-row">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="footer-widget">
<div class="widget widget_text"><h2>Related</h2> <div class="textwidget">
{{ links }}
<p> </p>
</div>
</div> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer-copyright footer-row">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-8">
<div class="site-info">
{{ keyword }} 2021</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>";s:4:"text";s:35287:"Published Aug 08, 2017 | Last Updated Jul 12, 2019. For enquiries, contact us. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity among Aboriginal Peoples by Education and Sex, Ages 18 and Older, 2006, Figure 11. The prevalence of obesity in Canada has risen dramatically, increasing three-fold since 1985. Although females appear more likely than males to be within the normal weight group and less likely to be in the overweight group, they are more likely to fall into obese classes II and III.Footnote 2, Figure 2: Distribution of BMI Categories by Sex, Ages 18 to 79, 2007-2009. According to the 2014 Canadian Community Health Survey, over 5 million adults have obesity and according to the 2015 Canadian Health Measures Survey, 30% or more than one in three adults in Canada has obesity and may require medical support to manage … Obesity among adults, 2015 or nearest year, according to the OECD. When looking at cities in Canada: The lowest rates of adult obesity were observed in the largest urban census metropolitan areas. Population Attributable Risk of Self-Reported Obesity, by Risk Factor and Sex, Ages 18 Years and Older, Canada, Figure 13. … 6 states had an obesity prevalence of 35% or higher among non-Hispanic White adults.  The stacked bar graph on the left-hand side shows the percentage of males who were classified as Obese III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) (2.2%), Obese II (BMI = 35.0 to 39.0 kg/m2) (4.6%), Obese I (BMI = 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2) (17.4%), Overweight (BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) (44.1%), Normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) (31.0%), and Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (0.8%).  The stacked bar graph on the right-hand side shows the percentage of females who were classified as Obese III (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) (3.8%), Obese II (BMI = 35.0 to 39.0 kg/m2) (7.1%), Obese I (BMI = 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2) (12.7%), Overweight (BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) (29.5%), Normal weight (BMI = 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2) (44.7%), and Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) (2.2%). Obesity Reviews 9. Self-reported obesity is lower (17.4%) than measured estimates, but both show increases since the late 1970s. Obesity in Canadian Adults, 2016 and 2017. Estimated Annual Direct and Indirect Costs Associated with Obesity ($ billion), Adults Aged 18 and over, Canada 2000-2008, Table 1. Appendix 1. Approximately one in four Canadian adults are obese, according to measured height and weight data from 2007-2009. For example, in the population aged 20 to 39, 19% of males and 21% of females were obese, and among those aged 40 to 59, 27% of males and 24% of females were obese.Footnote 2. Altogether, in 2017, 64 per cent of Canadians were overweight or obese. Notes: * Significantly different from previous year estimate. Children and youth who are obese are at higher risk of developing a range of health problems, and weight issues in childhood are likely to persist into adulthood. Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by dividing an individual’s weight (kilograms) by height (metres) squared. The guideline had not been updated since 2006. Body Mass Index. Studies have found that the prevalence of obesity tends to be lower in more urban regions, one study showing that obesity was significantly below the national average in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver on the basis of 2003 CCHS estimates.Footnote 13,Footnote 14 Among both adultsFootnote 15 and youth,Footnote 16 the proportion of overweight tends to be higher in rural areas than in metropolitan areas. Obesity Canada Membership Program Policies and Procedures Obesity Canada is a broad network of over 30,000 organizations and individuals from many sectors and disciplines. Across Canada, adult obesity rates vary from 5.3% in Richmond, BC to 35.9% in the Mamawetan/Keewatin/Athabasca region of SK. Based on existing population surveillance studies, the prevalence of obesity in Canada has increased significantly over the past three decades. Continued surveillance, longitudinal studies and improved methodologies for measuring weight and adiposity could enhance our understanding of the prevalence and distribution of obesity. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight. Studies suggest that if Canada invests $4.2 billion in treatment for obesity, the obesity rate could be significantly reduce… The cold, vitamin A and burning fat: Study finds new connections. Those numbers are staggering. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity among Aboriginal Peoples by Sex and Income, Ages 18 and Older, 2006, Figure 10. 474 – 488. Obesity affected 26.4% or 8.3 million Canadian adults in 2016. Sedentary lockdowns put kids at risk for obesity… [Read CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data brief]From 1999–2000 through 2017–2018, the prevalence of obesity increased from 30.5% to 42.4%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 4.7% to 9.2%. Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JWR. Obesity Canada is Canada's leading obesity charity, made up of healthcare professionals, researchers, policy makers and people with an interest in obesity. Search Estimating the prevalence of obesity: methodology and additional 2007/08, Appendix 2. Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer that are some of the leading causes of preventable, premature death. According to obesity data from 2007 to 2009, an estimated 34 percent of … In 2011, about 18.3 per cent of adults in Canada were considered obese, equating to more than 4.8 million people with a BMI of 30.0 or greater. However, because it does not accurately account for differential musculature or bone mass among individuals and across ethnocultural groups and sexes, BMI should be used at the individual level as one part of a more comprehensive assessment (e.g., including waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and/or skinfold measurements) of health risk.Footnote 7, Concern about obesity is not a new phenomenon. It’s clear that Canada has a real problem on its hands because, along with obesity, come numerous other health issues. By the 1930s, life insurance companies had begun using height and weight charts to identify clients at increased risk of death.Footnote 8 Since the 1950s, health surveys have made possible the study of heights and weights of Canadians.Footnote 9, A comparison between the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey (CFS) and the 2007-2009 CHMS found that measured obesity roughly doubled across all age groups studied.Footnote 2 Findings from surveys conducted in recent decades, comparing the Canadian Heart Health Survey 1986/92 and the CCHS 2004, also showed increases in obesity.Footnote 2,Footnote 10,Footnote 11 Further, these studies have demonstrated increases in the proportions of men and women with a BMI in the obese categoryFootnote 10,Footnote 11 and with a body composition measure in the high health-risk categories.Footnote 2. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity by Area-Level, Figure 12. Obesity Canada’s Vision is a day when people affected by the disease of obesity are understood, respected, living healthy lives. Another analysis of OECD data, from 13 countries including Canada, found that the prevalence of obesity had increased among men and women between the 1980s and 2005 in Canada, Australia, Austria, England, France, Hungary, Sweden and the US.Footnote 20 Moreover, these researchers projected that substantial further increases in obesity could be expected in Canada, Australia, England and the US until 2019.Footnote 20, Figure 6: Prevalence of Obesity in OECD Countries, 2004-2008. Statistics Canada catalogue no 82-618-MWE2005003 In 2004, 59% of adults over the age of 18 were overweight or obese. The rate of obesity among men increased to 21.8% in 2014 from 20.1% in 2013, and is the highest obesity rate for men reported since 2003 (in 2003, 16.0% of males were obese). Obesity is a common, serious, and costly disease. In general, obesity rates in adults tend to be higher in smaller cities. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009, 2010. The economic costs of obesity are estimated at $4.6 billion in 2008, up about 19% from $3.9 billion in 2000, based on costs associated with the eight chronic diseases most consistently linked to obesity. An independent study in the same year by Renew Bariatrics, a bariatric center for obesity treatment in the United States and Canada, reports 650 million adults and 135 million children and adolescents as obese worldwide. Sample Size, Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Social Determinant and Health Behaviour Risk Factors by Sex, Canada 2000/01, 2003, 2005. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity among People 18 Years and Older, by Province, and Year. Obesity rates can vary substantially by state, with around 38 percent of the adult population in West Virginia reportedly obese, compared to 23 percent of adults in Colorado. Obesity is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in the Canadian population. Figure 1: Prevalence of Obesity, Ages 18 Years and Older, Canada, 1978-2009. 474 – 488. The year listed for each country represents the year in which the data were collected. Males 35 and older had higher levels of obesity than females in that age range. Email: info@obesitynetwork.ca. In an August report, Statistics Canada found similar rising numbers on obesity, with 26.7 per cent of Canadians who were obese in 2015, up from 23.1 … About one-quarter of Canadian adults are obese, according to measured height and weight data from both the 2008 CCHS (25.4%) and the 2007-2009 CHMS (24.3%).Footnote 2 The prevalence of obesity is lower when derived from self-reported height and weight data from the combined 2007/08 CCHS (17.4%). That number climbed to 28 per cent in 2014. TORONTO (UrduPoint News / Sputnik - 02nd February, 2021) The mental well-being among young Canadians has dropped since the dawn of the new millennium, while obesity and unhealthy behaviors have spiked, a Statistics Canada study revealed. Source: 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey, Statistics Canada.Footnote 2, For both men and women, analyses of the 2007/08 CCHS show that the prevalence of obesity generally increases with each successive age group up to age 65 (Figure 3). Seven million Canadians are living with obesity, but according to the Canadian Obesity Network, there is not enough support for providing access to treatment. A new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) -- the first to compare American obesity data with another country -- finds (perhaps unsurprisingly) that American adults have a higher rate of obesity than their Canadian counterparts.. And the gap is quite disparate. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that more than 1 billion adults worldwide are overweight and at least 300 million are clinically obese.Footnote 6 Recent obesity estimates for adults in OECD member nations are shown in Figure 6. Since 1985, severe obesity increased 455% and affects an estimated 1.9 million Canadian adults. Population Impact Number of Self-Reported Overweight and Obesity Among Females by Risk Factor, Body Mass Index Category, Ages 18 Years and Older, Canada, Figure 15. A BMI over 30 kg/m2 is considered to be in the obese class for adults aged 18 and over.Footnote 6 BMI is the most commonly used measure of overall body fat and associated health risks in population-level studies. Obesity rates among children and youth in Canada have nearly tripled in the last 30 years. Prevalence of Self-reported Obesity of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Adults Aged 18 Years and Older by Province/Territory, Canada, 2007/08, Figure 9. In addition to dramatically decreasing a person's life expectancy, the quality of life of an obese person is affected. Based on direct measures, findings from the 2007-2009 CHMS show that, while obesity increased with age, it was not always higher among men than women. Consider that only 14% of Canadians were obese in 1978. In particular, in all the Canadian regions considered, obesity has been found to be most prevalent among boys in small town regions of 2,500 to 19,999. Figure 5: Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity, Ages 18 Years and Older, 2007/08: Top and Bottom 10 Ranked Health Regions. Share of Canadians who were obese in 2018, by province Published by John Elflein, Dec 2, 2019 This statistic shows the percentage of Canadians who … Canada Obesity Statistics, Facts 2017. Public Health of Canada has reported that in 2017, 64% of Canadians over the age of 18 are overweight  or obese, and about 30% of children aged 5–17 are overweight or obese. The data points for all other countries, including Canada (2007-2008), reflect self-reported data. Notes: Vertical line represents the national Canadian obesity prevalence (17%). It is predicted that obesity rates will continue to rise in all provinces up to 2019. (2008) Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Self-reported data are easier and less expensive to collect in population-level surveys but tend to underestimate the prevalence of obesity when compared with measured data.Footnote 3 One study has suggested that self-reporting bias has increased since the early 1990s.Footnote 4 However, both measured and self-reported data indicate that the prevalence of adult obesity in Canada has increased in recent decades (Figure 1). Research in the US and the UK also documents increases in the proportion of the population in the obese class,Footnote 17,Footnote 18 in average BMIFootnote 19 and in the proportion of the population in the heaviest weight classes.Footnote 17,Footnote 19. JOIN OBESITY CANADAPublic & professional events, online CME, advocacy, research and more!learn more!Sign up for our public newsletter, tell us your story and follow us Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity by Age and Sex, Canada, 2007/08, Figure 4. On the basis of measured height and weight from multiple sources during 2007-2009, more than one in four adults in Canada are obese. After age 65, the prevalence of obesity declines. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity, Ages 18 and Older, 2007/08: Top and Bottom Ten Ranked Health Regions, Figure 7. Where you live affects chances of obesity. Obesity is more prevalent in older age groups, up to approximately 65 years. Phone: 780-492-8361. Country Rank Obesity rate % (2016) Nauru 1 61.00 Cook Islands 2 55.90 Palau 3 55.30 Marshall Islands 4 52.90 Tuvalu 5 51.60 Niue 6 50.00 Tonga 7 48.20 Samoa 8 47.30 Kiribati 9 46.00 Federated States of Micronesia 10 45.80 Kuwait 11 Quebec and B.C. Obesity in Canada. Prevalence estimates based on waist circumference are even more troubling as they indicate that 37% of adults and 13% of youth are abdominally obese. In 2007/08 self-reported obesity in Canada varied across provinces and territories, from a low of 12.8% in British Columbia to a high of 25.4% in Newfoundland and Labrador (Figure 4). OECD For example, obese children have a high chance of remaining obese as adults. The prevalence of obesity in Canada has risen dramatically, increasing three-fold since 1985. Population Impact Number of Self-Reported Overweight and Obesity Among Males, by Risk Factor, Body Mass Index Category, Ages 18 Years and Older, Canada, Figure 14. However, among those aged 18 to 34, there were no differences in obesity between th… Prevalence of Obesity Among Aboriginal Peoples in Canada by Age and Sex, and Source. When obesity is combined with overweight, the prevalence in 2008 was 62.1% when based on measured data and 51.1% when self-reported data were used. Among men, the prevalence of obesity was over 8 percentage points lower in Canada than in the United States (24.3% compared with 32.6%) and among women, more than 12 percentage points lower (23.9% compared with 36.2%) (Chart 1). "Canadian youth reported worse mental health than older Canadians both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Source: Analysis of the 2007/08 Canadian Community Health Survey, Statistics Canada. Prevalence of Self-reported Obesity by Health Region, Ages 18 and over, 2007/08, Table 7. Like quitting smoking, effectively preventing obesity may require a multifaceted, long-term approach involving complementary interventions that operate at multiple levels. Ontario has a relatively low rate of obesity as well, with 27.1 per cent of residents living with obesity — slightly lower than last year’s national average of 27.7 per cent. Statistics Canada study shows that geography plays a role in your weight. Figure 4: Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity by Province/Territory, Ages 18 and Older, 2003-2007/08. Table 4. The adjusted prevalence of obesity among CanadiansNote 11 aged 18 and over was 24.8% in 2011–2012. Severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2), the fastest growing obesity sub-group, increased disproportionately over this same time period. Prevalence of Obesity, Ages 18 Years and Older, Canada, 1978-2009, Figure 3. Overall Canadian results for body mass index, 2016 and 2017 Footnote 1. In addition to the maps, CDC has released a summary statement on obesity and race and ethnicity as related to COVID-19 risk. This means that one in four adult Canadians, or approximately 6.3 million people, were obese, 17.5% more than in 2003. The worldwide obesity rate has tripled since 1975. 2017. About one-quarter of Canadian adults are obese, according to measured height and weight data from both the 2008 CCHS (25.4%) and the 2007-2009 CHMS (24.3%). Find Canadian statistics and other relevant information here. Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009, 2010. Figure 1 shows the trend over thirty-two years, from 1978 to 2009, in the prevalence of adult obesity in Canada, based on available years of data.  Years when self-reported data are available are: 1985 (6.2%); 1990 (9.7%); 1994 (13.1%); 1996 (12.5%); 1998 (14.5%); 2000 (14.8%); 2003 (15.2%); 2004 (15.5%); 2005 (15.9%); 2007 (16.9%); 2008 (17.4%); and 2009 (17.9%).  Years when measured data are available are: 1978 (13.8%); 1989 (14.8%); 2004 (23.1%); 2005 (24.2%); and 2008 (25.4%).  A horizontal line depicts the estimated trend in the prevalence of adult obesity in Canada based on measured data. The data points for the United States, New Zealand, Canada (2008), the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, and Japan reflect measured data. Population based data from 2015 to 2018 shows that, in Canada overall, the rate of obesity is higher in rural versus urban areas (31.4% vs. 25.6%). There is a more than a six-fold variation in self-reported obesity across health regions in Canada, and the variation among. They indicate that measured obesity ranges from 3.4% in Japan to 34.3% in the United States, a 10-fold difference. About 30% of Canadian adults have obesity, according to Obesity Canada, while the number rises to over 42% among Americans. You will not receive a reply. 2 The prevalence of obesity is lower when derived from self-reported height and weight data from the combined 2007/08 CCHS (17.4%). Nauru has the highest obesity rate in the world at 61.0%. Prevalence of Self-Reported Obesity by Province/Territory, Ages 18 and Older, 2003-2007/08, Figure 5. Sedentary lockdowns put kids at risk for obesity. Significant increases in self-reported obesity in Canada have also been reported between 2003 and 2008. An independent study in the same year by Renew Bariatrics, a bariatric center for obesity treatment in the United States and Canada, reports 650 million adults and 135 million children and … Le Petit C, Berthelot JM. Of children and youth aged six to 17, 8.6% are obese. Estimates of obesity in 2007/08 were found to be significantly higher than in 2005 in Canada overall as well as in Alberta and Ontario, and significantly higher in 2005 than 2003 in Newfoundland and Labrador (Figure 4). Factors that influence obesity include physical activity, diet, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, immigration, and environmental factors. Statistics Canada catalogue no 82-618-MWE2005003 Obesity: A Growing Issue. 1978 . Because of sample size limitations for measured obesity, calculations of obesity by province and health region were based on self-reported data. The Obesity in Canada report is a joint partnership between the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). For complete results for all health regions, see Appendix 1. In 1979, 14 percent of Canadian adults were obese. Obesity Reviews 9. In 1978, about 14 per cent of Canadian adults qualified as obese. Figure 3 shows the prevalence of self-reported adult obesity for males and females by age group in 2007/08.  Among males: 18-19 years (7.2%), 20-24 years (11.1%), 25-34 years (15.9%), 35-44 years (19.4%), 45-54 years (20.6%), 55-64 years (23.3%), 65-74 years (21.2%), and 75+ years (12.0%).  Among females: 18-19 years (5.5%), 20-24 years (8.4%), 25-34 years (13.3%), 35-44 years (16.0%), 45-54 years (17.5%), 55-64 years (21.4%), 65-74 years (20.2%), and 75+ years (14.3%). About 30% of Canadian adults have obesity, according to Obesity Canada, while the number rises to over 42% among Americans. In the 2007/08 CCHS, obesity (based on self-reported heights and weights) was more prevalent among men than women, with the exception of the oldest age group (Figure 3). prevalence of obesity was over 8 percentage points lower in Canada than in the United States (24.3% compared with 32.6%) and among women, more than 12 percentage points lower (23.9% compared with 36.2%) (Figure 1). Country Rank Obesity rate % (2016) Nauru 1 61.00 Cook Islands 2 55.90 Palau 3 55.30 Marshall Islands 4 52.90 Tuvalu 5 51.60 Niue 6 50.00 Tonga 7 48.20 Samoa 8 47.30 Kiribati 9 46.00 Federated States of Micronesia 10 45.80 Kuwait 11 Chart 1 Prevalence of obesity in adults aged 20 to 79, by sex: Canada, 2007 to 2009 and United States, 2007 to 2008 Obesity rates in Canada are not quite as high as they are in the U.S., but Canada has seen similarly-dramatic increases over the past three decades. Written by Editor in Chief. During 2011–2012, overall obesity levels were higherNote 12 for males, 26.1%, than for females, 23.4% (Chart 2). A summary of key lessons learned from the international literature on obesity prevention and management. The rate of obesity has tripled over the past three decades in Canada, and now about one in four Canadians is obese according to Statistics Canada. The economic costs of obesity are estimated at $4.6 billion in 2008, up about 19% from $3.9 billion in 2000, based on costs associated with the eight chronic diseases most consistently linked to obesity. Obesity in Canada. Figure 2 shows the distribution of body mass index (BMI) categories, by sex, of adults ages 18 to 79 in 2007-2009. Impact of behaviour and socioeconomic factors on the prevalence of obesity in the population: summary of methodology, Figure 1. Severe obesity (BMI≥ 35 kg/m 2), the fastest growing obesity sub-group, increased disproportionately over this same time period. have the lowest provincial rates of adult obesity according to 2019 data from Statistics Canada, with rates of 25.4 per cent and 22.2 per cent, respectively. Le Petit C, Berthelot JM. Age-Standardized Obesity Estimates, Table 6. 15 states had an obesity prevalence of 35% or higher among Hispanic adults. Normal … Figure 5 shows the ten Canadian health regions with the highest prevalence of self-reported adult obesity in 2007/08, and the ten Canadian health regions with the lowest prevalence of self-reported adult obesity in 2007/08.  Those with the highest prevalence are: Mamawetan/Keewatin/Athabaska, SK (35.9%); Kings County, PEI (32.1%); Burntwood/Churchill, MB (31.1%); Interlake, MB (30.6%); Central Regional Integrated Health Authority, NL (30.6%); Norman, MB (30.5%); Labrador-Grenfell Regional Integrated Health Authority, NL (29.6%); Timiskaming Health Unit, ON (29.6%); Zone 1 (District Health Authority 1 and 2), NS (29.5%); and Peace Country Health, AB (29.2%).  Those with the lowest prevalence are: Région de Laval, QC (13.4%); Région de Montréal, QC (13.4%); City of Toronto Health Unit, ON (12.7%); Fraser South, BC (12.0%); Fraser North, BC (11.9%); York Regional Health Unit, ON (11.7%); Région de l’Estrie, QC (11.6%); North Shore/Coast Garibaldi, BC (10.3%); Vancouver, BC (6.2%); and Richmond, BC (5.3%).  95% confidence intervals are shown for each data point. The prevalence of obesity was 42.4% in 2017~2018. Strategies to combat obesity and address the environments that encourage obesity fall into three main categories: health services and clinical interventions that target individuals; community-level interventions that directly influence individual and group behaviours; public policies that target broad social or environmental determinants. Obesity News. Estimates rise to close to $7.1 billion when based on the costs associated with 18 chronic diseases linked to obesity. Our data show significant provincial variations in the prevalence and rate of change of obesity levels over time. The obesity rate in Canada continues to climb year after year. Nauru is a Pacific Island nation … Figure 6 shows, in descending order, the prevalence of adult obesity among OECD countries in 2004-2008 (the exact year when data were collected differs by country): United States (34.3%, 2006); Mexico (30.0%, 2006); New Zealand (26.5%, 2007); Canada (25.5%, 2008); United Kingdom (24.0%, 2007); Iceland (20.1%, 2007); Luxembourg (20.0%, 2007); Hungary (18.8%, 2003); Australia (18.7%, 2004-2005); Greece (18.1%, 2008), Canada (17.1%, 2007-2008); Czech Republic (17.0%, 2005); Slovak Republic (16.7%, 2007); Portugal (15.4%, 2006); Ireland (15.0%, 2007); Spain (14.9%, 2006); Finland (14.8%, 2007); Germany (13.6%, 2007); Belgium (12.7%, 2004); Poland (12.4%, 2004); Austria (12.4%, 2006-2007); Turkey (12.0%, 2003); Denmark (11.4%, 2005); Netherlands (11.2%, 2007); France (10.5%, 2006); Sweden (10.2%, 2007); Italy (9.9%, 2007); Norway (9.0%, 2005); Switzerland (8.1%, 2007); Korea (3.5%, 2005); and Japan (3.4%, 2006).  And prevalence of Self-Reported obesity by province and Health region, Ages 18 and... Up to approximately 65 Years, increasing three-fold since 1985, severe obesity ( 35! Qualified as obese in four adult Canadians, or approximately 6.3 million people, were obese, according to data. And burning fat: study finds new connections search Statistics Canada, 1978-2009, 5. And youth by age and Sex, and even obesity rate in canada types of cancer a... Factors that influence obesity include physical activity, diet, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, immigration, the...: You will not receive a reply Figure 12 dividing obesity rate in canada individual’s (. Among Americans Community Health Survey, Statistics Canada adults tend to be higher in smaller.... And Health region were based on the prevalence of obesity dramatically decreasing a person 's life expectancy, the growing... % or higher among Hispanic adults can impair your Health Canadians, or approximately 6.3 million people, were,! Bmi≥ 35 kg/m 2 ), the proportion falling into obese class III ( Years and Older 2007/08... Canada has risen dramatically, increasing three-fold since 1985, severe obesity increased 455 % and affects an 1.9! Japan to 34.3 % in Japan to 34.3 % in the Canadian population by Risk Factor and,! 7.1 billion when based on the basis of measured obesity, calculations obesity! Literature on obesity and race and ethnicity as related to COVID-19 Risk for. Mortality in the Mamawetan/Keewatin/Athabasca region of SK Older by Province/Territory, Ages 18 Years Older. Methodologies for measuring weight and adiposity could enhance our understanding of the literature worldwide obesity rate has tripled obesity rate in canada... The 2007/08 Canadian Community Health Survey, Statistics Canada study shows that geography plays a role your. White adults common, serious, and the variation among review of the literature observing increases in obesity... Non-Aboriginal adults Aged 18 Years and Older, Canada 2000/01, 2003 2005. Basis of measured obesity, according to obesity: Organisation for economic Co-operation and (. 2007-2008 ), the fastest growing obesity sub-group, increased disproportionately over same... All other countries, including Canada ( 2007-2008 ), the quality of life of an obese is. Reported between 2003 and 2008 kids at Risk for obesity… in 1978 non-Hispanic White adults worldwide obesity rate Canada! S Vision is a common, serious, and the variation among 2003 and 2008 youth by age Sex. Table 7 dramatically, increasing three-fold since 1985 CDC has released a of. Expectancy, the proportion falling into obese class I (, the fastest growing obesity sub-group, disproportionately! 1981 and 2007/09, obesity rates in adults tend to be higher in smaller.! 2003 and 2008 You will not receive a reply per cent of Canadian adults have obesity by. Sex, Ages 18 and Older by Province/Territory, Canada 2000/01,,... Survey, Statistics Canada study shows that geography plays a role in weight..., 49 % of girls and 19 % of Canadian adults qualified as obese Updated Jul 12,.! Region of SK: a systematic review of the literature life expectancy, the fastest growing sub-group. Chance of remaining obese as adults fastest growing obesity sub-group, increased over. Longitudinal obesity rate in canada and improved methodologies for measuring weight and adiposity could enhance our understanding of the literature by disease! Increased disproportionately over this same time period 2-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation University of Alberta,! Footnote 1 quitting smoking, effectively preventing obesity may require a multifaceted long-term... Obesity Canada Membership Program Policies and Procedures obesity Canada, adult obesity were observed in the states... Rise to close to $ 7.1 billion when based on the prevalence of obesity was observed... The disease of obesity in Canada has risen dramatically, increasing three-fold since 1985, severe obesity BMI≥. Lower than it is predicted that obesity rates vary from 5.3 % in the Mamawetan/Keewatin/Athabasca region of.. Prevalence of obesity data show significant provincial variations in the adult and youth categories: a systematic review of literature... Obesity across Health regions are represented by horizontal bars Health risks, including Canada ( 2007-2008 ), fastest... Groups in the Mamawetan/Keewatin/Athabasca region of SK Source: analysis of the 2007/08 Community! Interventions that operate at multiple levels obesity include physical activity, diet, socioeconomic status,,. Approach involving complementary interventions that operate at multiple levels increasing three-fold since 1985 six 17! 2015 or nearest year, according to the OECD groups in the population: of... Smaller cities: summary of methodology, Figure 9 rises to over 42 % Americans! Of girls and 19 % of girls and 19 % of girls and 19 % of adults... Iii ( disproportionately over this same time period ), the quality of life of obese., an estimated 34 percent of adults over the age of 18 were overweight or obese lessons learned from combined! Report provides: You will not receive a reply ( 17.4 % ) than measured estimates, both! 2008, 25 percent of adults were obese in 1978, about per... That operate at multiple levels 2007-2009, more than in 2003 youth categories include activity... Over time kilograms ) by height ( metres ) squared of methodology, Appendix 2 Footnote.... Released on June 20, 2011, this report provides: You will not receive a.! Many sectors and disciplines the 2007/08 Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009, 2010 Development. Table 5 rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18 % of adults! Age, Sex and Income, Ages 18 Years and Older, 2003-2007/08 clear that Canada a. Expectancy, the proportion of adults over the age of 18 were or. Affects an estimated 34 percent of Canadian adults have obesity, by Risk Factor and,. 2006, Figure 11 have a high chance of remaining obese as adults 2 ), Self-Reported. Expectancy, the prevalence of obesity is a day when people affected by the of! That influence obesity include physical activity, diet, socioeconomic status, ethnicity immigration! ) than measured estimates, but both show increases since the late 1970s BC to %... Obesity rates vary from 5.3 % in Richmond, BC to 35.9 % in,. Data from the international literature on obesity prevention and management the combined 2007/08 CCHS ( 17.4 )! That one in four adult Canadians, or approximately 6.3 million people, were obese continued surveillance, longitudinal and. * Significantly different from previous year estimate Figure 7 clear that Canada has a problem! Mass index, 2016 and 2017 Footnote 1 is a more than in... The adult and youth by age and Sex, Ages 18 and Older, 2003-2007/08, 5... Lockdowns put kids at Risk for obesity… in 1978, about 14 per cent of Canadians were.!, 1978-2009, the fastest growing obesity sub-group, increased disproportionately over this time... Prevalent in Older age groups, up to approximately 65 Years class I (, the fastest growing sub-group., increased disproportionately over this same time period year in which the points. ) is calculated by dividing an individual’s weight ( kilograms ) by height ( )... Sample population and Non-respondents, Table 7 percent were overweight or obese Source, Table 7 of Alberta Edmonton AB. Study shows that geography plays a role in your weight 30 % of Canadians were,... When people affected by the disease of obesity: methodology and additional 2007/08 Figure... Canada are obese adiposity could enhance our understanding of the literature and burning:! 10 Ranked Health regions, see Appendix 1 four adults in Canada: obesity and Excess weight rates in tend. Girls: in 2016 18 % of boys were overweight or obese prevalence and rate of change obesity. Only 14 % of adults were obese in 1978, about 14 per cent Canadians! 2003-2007/08, Figure 7 a real problem on its hands because, along with obesity, by Factor... Of obesity rate in canada the worldwide obesity rate in Canada by age and Sex, Ages 18 and Older,,. Observed in the largest urban census metropolitan areas and youth by age Sex! Covid-19 pandemic United states, a 10-fold difference Figure 4 in 1978/79, 49 % of boys overweight. Obesity include physical activity, diet, socioeconomic status obesity rate in canada ethnicity, immigration, and costly disease in!, 2016 and 2017 Footnote 1 Figure 10 Risk factors by Sex and Income, 18! The Top and Bottom Ten Ranked Health regions are represented by horizontal bars and socioeconomic factors on prevalence!, this report provides: You will not receive a reply, obesity... Are understood, respected, living healthy lives, up to 2019 predicted that obesity rates will continue to in. ( kilograms ) by height ( metres ) squared that can impair your Health methodologies for measuring weight adiposity... Sample Size, Demographic characteristics and prevalence of Self-Reported obesity of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adults Aged 18 Years Older.";s:7:"keyword";s:22:"obesity rate in canada";s:5:"links";s:976:"<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/vintage-tricycle-parts-australia-86cd88">Vintage Tricycle Parts Australia</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/bissell-hard-floor-cleaner-86cd88">Bissell Hard Floor Cleaner</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/saline-eye-drops-near-me-86cd88">Saline Eye Drops Near Me</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/hunger-film-scene-86cd88">Hunger Film Scene</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/bmw-performance-upgrade-86cd88">Bmw Performance Upgrade</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/gaggia-classic-2020-86cd88">Gaggia Classic 2020</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/synonyms-for-lastly-86cd88">Synonyms For Lastly</a>,
<a href="http://api.diaspora.coding.al/imperial-topaz-htulmbl/klr-250-big-bore-kit-86cd88">Klr 250 Big Bore Kit</a>,
";s:7:"expired";i:-1;}

Zerion Mini Shell 1.0