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</html>";s:4:"text";s:27748:"To determine electrical conductivity of tap water b. They do not represent the opinions of YourDictionary.com. How to use conductivity in a sentence. 5.08 At the concentration used by Loomis the electrical conductivity indicates that the ionization is not complete, particularly in the case of the salts with divalent ions in the second list. Longitudinal change of electric conductivity. This ability is directly related to the concentration of ions in the water 1 . Barriers with a low hydraulic conductivity can be produced by adding bentonite to a locally available soil. From these numbers we can, by help of the equation, calculate the conductivity of the acids for any dilution. The velocity of propagation of temperature waves will be the same under similar conditions in two substances which possess the same diffusivity, although they may differ in conductivity. Conductivity definition is - the quality or power of conducting or transmitting: such as. Electrical conductivity is the inverse of electrical resistance ( ohms ). The EC tests were … The electric wires (or the cables) are made of copper or aluminium and covered by a plastic layer because both of copper and aluminum are good conductors of electricity, while the plastic is a bad conductor of electricity. ‘The electrical conductivity of a material is defined as the ratio of the current per unit cross - sectional area to the electric field producing the current.’ ‘At the same time, the single-channel conductance is proportional to the buffer conductivity in a wide range of salt concentrations.’ R.S., January 1896). The fifth type of wave detector depends upon the peculiar property of rarefied gases or vapours which under some circumstances possess a unilateral conductivity. noun. How to measure electrical conductivity New Delhi, May1999 CSMRS Building, 4th Floor, Olof Palme Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 11 00 16 India Tel: 68 61 681 / 84 Fax: (+ 91 11) 68 61 685 E-Mail: dhvdelft@del2.vsnl.net.in DHV Consultants BV & DELFT HYDRAULICS with HALCROW, TAHAL, CES, ORG & JPS. A better basis of comparison would be the ratio of the actual to the limiting conductivity, but since the conductivity of acids is chiefly due to the mobility of the hydrogen ions, its limiting value is nearly the same for all, and the general result of the comparison would be unchanged. The conductivity of the same bars was independently determined by the method of Forbes, employing an ingenious formula for the heat-loss in place of Newton's law. Method a. In comparison, distilled water is a very poor conductor of electricity since very little electricity flows through water. The nitric acid assures good electrical conductivity: 4. Examples of how to use “thermal conductivity” in a sentence from the Cambridge Dictionary Labs It is evident that any other property can be represented by similar diagrams. But later experimental researches have shown that the simple assumption of constant coefficients of conductivity and emissivity, on which the mathematical theory is based, is in many respects inadequate, and the special mathematical methods developed by J. conductivity copper is very readily worked hot or cold. Electrical conductivity and the mobility of ions are given by quantities like ionic charge, ionic mass, radius, polarizability, and the coordination number. noun. Sound conduction (or acoustic conduction) is the transfer of sound waves through a medium, such as vibrations from loud music passing through a wall. Fleming discovered that if the filament is made incandescent by the current from an insulated battery there is a unilateral conductivity of the rarefied gas between the hot filament and the metal plate, such that if the negative terminal of the filament is connected outside the lamp through a coil in which electric oscillations are created with the platinum plate, only one half of the oscillations are permitted to pass, viz., those which carry negative electricity from the hot filament to the cooled plate through the vacuous space. An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution.It has multiple applications in research and engineering, with common usage in hydroponics, aquaculture, aquaponics, and freshwater systems to monitor the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water. Copper's conductivity of … We may take it, then, that only that portion of these bodies is chemically active which is electrolytically active - that ionization is necessary for such chemical activity as we are dealing with here, just as it is necessary for electrolytic conductivity. Conductivity and viscosity in a gas should vary in a similar manner since each depends on diffusion in a similar way. Electricity in all forms is a result of this charge on the fundamental particles. Sentences for Electrical resistivity and conductivity. To find the conductivity, it is necessary to measure all the quantities which occur in equation (I) to a similar order of accuracy. Definition of Conductive Able to conduct electrical current or heat. Maxwell had himself, at an early stage of his theory, tested the absorbing power of gold-leaf for light, and found that the effective conductivity for luminous vibrations must be very much greater than its steady ohmic value; it is, in fact, there a case of incipient conductivity, which is continually being undone on account of the rapid alternation of force before it is fully established. Distillation equipment and condensers should possess good thermal conductivity. They come from many sources and are not checked. The temperature coefficient of conductivity has approximately the same value for most aqueous salt solutions. The definition of conductivity is the ability to transmit heat, sound or electricity. Radar-Wikipedia. All Rights Reserved. Use conductivity in a sentence. Example Sentences for "conductivity " An ohm is a unit of electrical resistance (named for the German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm), and a mho is a unit of conductivity of a body whose resistance is one ohm. The cup warmer is a conductive device that keeps a beverage’s molecules at a certain temperature. When aqueous Lithium sulfated is heated, the electrical conductivity also increases. - Measurements of thermal conductivity present peculiar difficulties on account of the variety of quantities to be observed, the slowness of the process of conduction, the impossibility of isolating a quantity of heat, and the difficulty of exactly realizing the theoretical conditions of the problem. 2 At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of a diamond is about six times higher than that of a piece of copper. Gold - Wikipedia Pure water has a low electrical conductivity, which increases with the dissolution of a small amount of ionic material such as common salt. Charcoal is valuable for its infusibility and low conductivity for heat (allowing substances to be strongly heated upon it), and for its powerful reducing properties; so that it is chiefly employed in testing the fusibility of minerals and in reduction. Familiarise yourself with the operation of the EC meter available in the laboratory. The thermal conductivity was determined in the neighbourhood of 20° C. with a water jacket, and near I Io° C. by the use of a steam jacket. p. 1351) found that cryoscopic and electric conductivity measurements showed sodium fulminate to be NaCNO. An example of conductivity is heat transferring from hot pot of soup to a metal ladle sitting in the pot. But the temperature coefficient of conductivity is now generally less than before; thus the effect of temperature on ionization must be of opposite sign to its effect on fluidity. Its electrical conductivity is approximately 1.2, silver at 0° being taken as 100; it is the most diamagnetic substance known, and its thermoelectric properties render it especially valuable for the construction of thermopiles. The thermal conductivity of the substance is the constant ratio of the rate of transmission to the temperature gradient. Abrupt alterations, take place in its density, specific heat, thermo-electric quality, electrical conductivity, temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance, and in some at least of its mechanical properties. Sentences Menu. Life application on electric conductivity. If we eliminate the polarization at the electrodes, it can be shown that an electrolyte possesses a definite electric resistance and therefore a definite conductivity. The total magnetic induction or flux corresponds to the current of electricity (practically measured in amperes); the induction or flux density B to the density of the current (number of amperes to the square centimetre of section); the magnetic permeability to the specific electric conductivity; and the line integral of the magnetic force, sometimes called the magnetomotive force, to the electro-motive force in the circuit. An interesting relation appears when the electrolytic conductivity of solutions is compared with their chemical activity. Hydrobromic acid is one of the "strong" acids, being ionized to a very large extent even in concentrated solution, as shown by the molecular conductivity increasing by only a small amount over a wide range offdilution. Electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity) and its inverse, electrical conductivity, is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies how strongly it resists or conducts electric current.A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows electric current. The influence of temperature on the conductivity of solutions depends on (I) the ionization, and (2) the frictional resistance of the liquid to the passage of the ions, the reciprocal of which is called the ionic fluidity. Sentence Examples for conductivity. The equation then becomes a 2 /V = k, or a = A / Vk, so that the molecular conductivity is proportional to the square root of the dilution. We might work up bone conduction on a commercial model. Imagine that you attach the two ends of a battery to a bar of iron and a galvanometer. measurements of the thermal conductivity. Aluminium is a conductive metal. Its electrical conductivity is approximately 1.2, silver at 0° being taken as 100; it is the most diamagnetic substance known, and its thermoelectric properties render it especially valuable for the construction of thermopiles. Metals and plasma are examples of materials with high electrical conductivity. Amer. Metals are good conductors of electricity because they allow electrons to flow through the entire piece of material. conductivity sensor features an automatic temperature compensated electrode, encapsulated in an impact-resistant epoxy body. The thermal conductivity of these alloys lies between steels and aluminium. The method of Forbes (in which the conductivity is deduced from the steady distribution of temperature on the assumption that the rate of loss of heat at each point of the bar is the same as that observed in an auxiliary experiment in which a short bar of the same kind is set to cool under conditions which are supposed to be identical) is well known, but a consideration of its weak points is very instructive, and the results have been most remarkably misunderstood and misquoted. On setting the dynamo in operation, a current passes through the shunt coil of the ohmmeter proportional to the voltage of the dynamo, and, if there is any sensible leakage through the insulator to earth, at the same time another current passes through the series coil proportional to the conductivity of the insulation of the wiring under the electromotive force used. Translations of the phrase ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY from english to spanish and examples of the use of "ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY" in a sentence with their translations: Insulating tapes have no electric conductivity . The corresponding gradient is of the order of z° C. in ioo ft., but varies inversely with the conductivity of the strata at different depths. The thermal capacity and electrical conductivity were measured at various temperatures on the same specimens of metal. conductivity example sentences. The electrical conductivity of a sample will ____________ when the size of the sample increases? The conductivity probably changes with temperature in the same way, being proportional to the product of the viscosity and the specific heat; but the experimental investigation presents difficulties on account of the necessity of eliminating the effects of radiation and convection, and the results of different observers often differ considerably from theory and from each other. The introduction in 1883 of the hard-drawn copper wire of high conductivity invented in 1877 by T. The ionization of a solution, then, is usually diminished by raising the temperature, the rise in conductivity being due to the greater increase in fluidity. Other Methods These, such as soil conductivity meters, metal detectors and micro gravity, exist but will not be discussed here. The above series of salts show striking differences in their behaviour towards reagents; thus, aqueous solutions of the luteo chlorides are strongly ionized, as is shown by their high electric conductivity; and all their chlorine is precipitated on the addition of silver nitrate solution. The thermal conductivity also diminishes as salinity increases, the conductivity for heat of sea-water of 35 per mille salinity being 4.2% less than that of pure water. Inst. It is clear, however, that the flow is severely perturbed by the enhanced ionospheric conductivity caused by particle precipitation into the E-region. Conductivity in a sentence 1 The technician plotted the thermal conductivity versus mean temperature. B 60, 6215 (1999 ): Colossal magneto-optical conductivity in doped manganites. Use conductivity in a sentence. One important result, which might be regarded as established by this work, was that the ratio k/k of the thermal to the electrical conductivity, though nearly constant for the good conductors at any one temperature such as 0° C., increased with rise of temperature nearly in proportion to the absolute temperature. The heat per second gained by conduction by an element dx of the bar, of conductivity k and cross section q, at a point where the gradient is dB/dx, may be written gk(d 2 6/dx 2)dx. This is not very surprising, if the values in the following table are compared :- Conductivity of Forbes's Iron Bar D - (1 25 inches square). Dense gases such as xenon and dichlorodifluoromethane have low thermal conductivity. By comparison, liver conductivity at 27 MHz and 2. Significant mentions of electric conductivity:. (A galvanometer is an instrument for measuring the flow of electric current.) The dimensions of a piece of iron, for example, its elasticity, its thermo-electric power and its electric conductivity are all changed under the influence of magnetism. The corresponding gradient is of the order of z° C. in ioo ft., but varies inversely with the conductivity of the strata at different depths. Its conductivity for heat has been variously given as 103 (C. M. For data concerning the conductivity of the organic bases see G. For example, a rise in temperature of the bath causes an increase in its conductivity, so that a lower E.M.F. You could measure conductivity of your PEG solution to get a clue how much ionic stuff is present. Kohlrausch has prepared water of which the conductivity compared with that of mercury was only o 4 oX 11 at 18° C. Even here some little impurity was present, and the conductivity of chemically pure water was estimated by thermodynamic reasoning as o 36X1011 at 18° C. As we shall see later, the conductivity of very dilute salt solutions is proportional to the concentration, so that it is probable that, in most cases, practically all the current is carried by the salt. Water has the highest thermal conductivity of any liquid. The conductivity, which varies as the product of n into the mobility, will thus vary inversely as the pressure, and so at 36 kilometres will be one hundred times as large as close to the ground. He thus found nearly the same rate of variation for the thermal as for the electric conductivity. In applying the plate method to the determination of the conductivity of iron, E. This gives an average value of the conductivity over the range, but it is better to observe the temperatures at three distances, and to assume k to be a linear function of the temperature, in which case the solution of the equation is still very simple, namely, 0+Ze6 2 =a log r+b, (3) where e is the temperature-coefficient of the conductivity. Nevertheless, in certain cases, the temperature coefficient of conductivity becomes negative at high temperatures, a solution of phosphoric acid, for example, reaching a maximum conductivity at 75° C. Its thermal conductivity is the lowest of all metals, being 18 as compared with silver as 1000; its coefficient of expansion between o° and too° is 0.001341. You get the benefits of both materials-the heat conductivity of the copper and the lack of reactivity from the stainless steel. 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