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</html>";s:4:"text";s:28909:"Historians even believe the iron mask itself was an exaggeration. Louis XIV. Some sources say she may even have been instrumental in exposing the Cinq-Mars conspiracy to Richelieu. Personally, I think that it's somewhat of a possibility that James Scott, Duke of Monmouth -- Charles II's bastard son and Louis XIV's second cousin -- was the man in the Iron Mask. His last name was so similar to an alias that was often used for the Man in the Iron Mask — “Marchioly.” On top of that, Louis XIV’s descendants Louis XV and Louis XVI had both claimed that the famous prisoner was an Italian nobleman. In 1662, the three musketeers have retired. This contained descriptions of everything from the structure of his skull, to the shape of his vocal cords and lungs and even a mouth operation that forever changed his speech. Soon other candidates were accused of being the real father. She was extremely dark-skinned and, furthermore, bore a resemblance to him [Louis XIV]. Without being embalmed first as it was custom. He did have female favorites to whom he was loyal as well. He was crowned in Reims at just 15 years old. Required fields are marked *. It was said that the walls of his cell were even scraped and whitewashed. The disfigured corpse of the man who was supposed to rule France after his father Louis XIV, was hastily put into a coffin the next day. Repeating, "Confirmation is not absolute proof." To his detractors, he was a near tyrant, whose belief in absolutism—the idea that he ruled as God’s representative on Earth—had turned France into a police state. Due to the infectious state of the body, the funeral of Monseigneur was not a grand affair. There is enough evidence to show that Louis XIII was indeed the father of Louis XIV. Wily, scheming, spirited and secretive, Louis XIV is a brilliant statesman, however, haunted by childhood memories of the Fronde, a bitter coup where nobles attempted to overthrow his father… Louis XIII was convinced by Richelieu that the plotting would continue as long as he had no male heir. Another theory is that he was actually the real father of King Louis XIV. While the appointment might have given Cinq-Mars access to the king’s bedroom, it did not give him access to the queen’s bedroom. The series follows King Louis XIV of France as he tries to quash the rebellious nobility by trapping them in the luxurious cage of his new palace – his father’s old hunting lodge at Versailles. Among the most influential of these thinkers was Voltaire, who suggested the prisoner was a brother of Louis XIV. My go-to-person for questions regarding Sun Court history is historian Gary McCollim. Her near brush with disgrace persuaded her to abandon her plots and become the wife of her husband in fact and deed, so to speak. King of France, b. at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16 September, 1638; d. at Versailles, 1 September, 1715; was the son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, and became king, upon the death of his father, 14 May 1643. She was the third child and second daughter of Maria Teresa of Spain. The powerful Cardinal Mazarin, who was born Italian, was actually the one holding the real power in France at the time of Louis’s youth. Richelieu went to his close friend D’Effiat specifically to bring his handsome 18-year-old son into the court. Both guard and his prisoner had previously lived at the fortresses of Pignerol and Exilles in the Alps. Louise Marie Thérèse, the Black Nun of Moret-sur-Loing (Wikimedia commons) Voltaire concludes the tale, and the chapters of anecdotes, with a statement which encapsulates his vision of his role as a historian of modernity. Aramis is now a Jesuit priest, Porthos runs a brothel, and Athos lives at home with his son, Raoul. Out of this atmosphere of declining tax revenues, increasing defeats in the War of the Spanish Succession, and the refusal of France’s enemies to make a reasonable peace offer, Desmaretz decided to create a tax on the income produced by the ownership of property, in other words, a tax on the wealthiest elements of French society, to provide the funds necessary for France to survive the war and bargain for a reasonable peace. At the age of four years and eight months, he was, according to the laws of the kingdom, not only the master but the owner of the bodies and property of 19 million subjects. Since the 1690s, historians have blamed other people, some famous like the Duke of Buckingham (died 1628) or the Duke of Beaufort (died 1669), and others less well known to be Louis XIV’s real father. Louis XIV’s Assault of Privilege: Nicolas Desmaretz and the Tax on Wealth, University of Rochester Press/Boydell & Brewer, Frazzled much? (Related: read about Marie Antoinette's style revolution at Versailles.). There were holes in both theories. Vive le Roi ! At the time of his birth, his parents had been married for 23 years. Cinq-Mars also was, coincidentally, “the Favorite” in the biblical sense with the gay Louis XIII. There was plenty time left for Gaston to roll in bed and make a legitimate heir himself with the wife. The king’s first true love was Mazarin’s … Cardinal Mazarin was a sort of chief minister (prime minister) of young Louis XIV and held a position similar to the one of Cardinal Richelieu in the time of Louis’s father (Louis … In the 1680s, whispers about a mysterious prisoner began to spread through France. Jul 27, 2015 - Maria Theresa of Spain (Spanish: María Teresa; French: Marie-Thérèse; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683) was Queen of France and Navarre as the first wife of King Louis XIV. King Louis XIV, aka The Sun King, Louis the Great – played by George Blagden. He had one brother, Philippe I, Duke of Orleans, and many illegitimate half-brothers and sisters from his father's affairs. The king and queen had been at Saint-Germain-en-Laye throughout the month of November and returned to Paris on 1 December. The bust is on display at the Versailles Palace, in the Salon de Diane in the King's Grand Apartment. Some pamphleteers imagined that the mask was Louis XIV’s punishment for the lovers of his wife, Marie-Thérèse of Austria. The fourth musketeer, D'Artagnan is now the captain of the guard. This 1789 engraving names the prisoner as the Count of Vermandois, Louis XIV’s illegitimate son—just one among many imaginative theories as to the masked man’s identity. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2017/09-10/who-was-the-man-in-the-iron-mask-dumas.html. She belonged to the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg , and is best-known for being the Queen of France as a result of her marriage to the French king, Louis XIV.She is known as a woman who was accepting of being married off to her cousin, … King Louis XIV is the main antagonist in Alexandre Dumas' novel The Man in the Iron Mask and its 1998 film adaptation. The mysterious prisoner lived during the reign of Louis XIV. House: Bourbon Affiliations: The Dauphin and Louis Kingdom of France Louis de Bourbon is the son of Louis XIV and Marie-Thérèse and is heir to the French throne, the Dauphin. One year later, Anne was with child. One propaganda piece said the father was someone with the initials Le C. D. R. meaning Cardinal de Richelieu. Also, Anne of Austria for reason explained below was reluctant to join any conspiracy after the birth of her son. Doctors expected the child’s birth sometime between 23 to 28 August 1638. by Sandra Gulland | Jun 30, 2012 | Baroque Explorations, On Research, The Sun Court Duet | 2 comments. Through his research, Sonnino determined that Dauger was a valet for the treasurer of Cardinal Mazarin, who was principal minister of France during Louis XIV's early life. Eventually Madame de Maintenon deposed her rival and became the dominant female force at The research confirms they are full brothers but it is totally inaccurate to say that the research confirms with DNA that Louis XIII is the father. The king had dedicated his kingdom to the Virgin Mary in February 1637 while praying for a male heir. Famed for her virtue and piety, she was only barely able to fulfill her duty as queen by producing a male heir to the throne, since five of her six children died in early childhood. In any case, Cinq-Mars has never been named as a possible father for the reasons I showed above. © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, © 2015- French novelist Alexandre Dumas took Voltaire’s description and used it as the basis for a secondary character in The Vicomte of Bragelonne (published in serialized form from 1847 to 1850). And it was most likely worn only at very specific times, such as transferal from one prison to another. Either way, Gaston already showed he was able to father kids and if Louis XIII died without heir, he would become King. Director: James Whale | Stars: Louis Hayward, Joan Bennett, Warren William, Joseph Schildkraut. His book discusses the difficult situation of royal finances at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and how the king was forced to turn to Nicolas Desmaretz, a man who had been dismissed from the royal government in 1683 following the death of his uncle, the great Colbert. We might even say, at the risk of sounding anachronistic, he was a master of social networks. From the very outset, the “masked man” stories were more than just lurid tales: They played directly into anti-Louis propaganda. Yet, it lives on in the popular imagination, plays have been written about it. When he died in the Bastille in 1703, it was recorded that a man in his 50s was buried at the Saint-Paul Cemetery in Paris, and his belongings and clothes were burned at dawn. She lived in a house with her father, where she also was killed by Father Etienne. If so, I will amend a note to this post. On November 16 1664 Maria Teresa of Spain wife of Louis XIV of France the Sun king gave birth to a daughter named Marie-Anne de France in public in the Louvre one month prematurely. She promised to cease such behavior. Alexandre Dumas, author of The Three Musketeers, continued d’Artagnan’s exploits in the Vicomte of Bragelonne (1847-1850) which featured the mysterious prisoner in the iron mask. There is no proof that this story is true. Private griefs were added to Louis’s public calamities. Few monarchs have ruled for longer. It is believed that Dauger worked as a valet who served Nicolas Fouquet—and may have learned of sensitive information while in Fouquet’s service. During the Nine Years’ War (1688-1697) the Dutch, fighting to protect their republic from French expansion, exploited the rumor to undermine the legitimacy of Louis XIV. The mysterious prisoner’s arrangements had not changed from earlier accounts: A Bastille official wrote in his memoirs of his surprise at the arrival of his new superior who was accompanied by a man “who is always masked and whose name is never pronounced.”. While fighting a war, Louis selfishly sends all the food to his army and while the citizens of Paris starve and eat rotten food. In the case of Louis XIV his father Louis XIII and his mother Ann of Austria could not stand each other and when he was born they had been born 23 years with no living off spring though maybe 4 births had been still born. Mazarin’s presence in Paris, nine months before Louis’s birth, may be established by the copy of a letter from Mazarin to Walter Montagu dated “Paris 16th September 1637”. This theory gained traction in the 20th century when several popular Hollywood films depicted the tale of the unjustly imprisoned twin brother. Louis XIV was born in September 1638. In any case, Louis XIV grew up surrounded by this myth of his miraculous conception. There were many people who were surprised that the queen had gotten pregnant when she did, but no one at the time accused her of any improper behavior. Laughter is said to have greeted her birth. This real-life fairy tale is told with flair and compassion in Veronica Buckley’s The Secret Wife of Louis XIV. No serious historian today thinks that Louis XIV had any other father than Louis XIII. He succeeded his father on May 14, 1643. Louis XIV, King of France, was born at Saint Germain-en-Laye on the 5th of September 1638. Gary is the author of: Louis XIV’s Assault of Privilege: Nicolas Desmaretz and the Tax on Wealth, published by the University of Rochester Press/Boydell & Brewer. Cardinal Mazarin was accused (he had died in 1661) but documentary evidence shows that he was in Italy from 1636 until 1640. The disasters of the war were so great that, in 1709, France came close to losing all the advantages gained over the preceding century. King's father. The case for Mazarin being Louis XIV’s father cannot be dismissed so easily. And of course, Alexandre Dumas weighed in on this real-life mystery, saying that the prisoner was Louis XIV's identical twin brother. Get a Haunting Look at Croatia's Abandoned Island Prison. All rights reserved. They named him Louis Dieudonné because his parents had been unable to have children for 23 years before they had him. Louis XIV’s father Louis XIII put an end to this practice, which he considered unacceptably pagan. The Bust of Louis XIV is a marble portrait by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini.It was created in the year 1665 during Bernini's visit to Paris.This sculptural portrait of Louis XIV of France has been called the "grandest piece of portraiture of the baroque age". Versailles TV Drama: Premise. Perhaps it was a glimpse of such a man, when coupled with the tense atmosphere in France, that snowballed to become the intriguing legend known today. Details were hazy, but the tale was arresting: An anonymous man had been locked up on the express orders of the French king Louis XIV. I do agree that Louis XIV looks a lot more like Mazarin than Louis XIII. The princess Louis XIV married was his first cousin. Dumas’s version puts forward what became the most popular theory of the prisoner’s identity: Louis XIV’s twin brother, Philippe, who had been born first and jeopardized the Sun King’s legitimacy. In France itself, suspicions about the man’s identity fell on several members of the extensive royal family. After the war, Desmaretz was working to alleviate France’s debts in a way that could have changed the history of the eighteenth century except that Louis XIV died and Desmaretz was dismissed as the government turned to riskier schemes that boxed the royal government in for the rest of the eighteenth century leading to the Revolution. WATCH: Haunting scenes of an abandoned island prison in Croatia recall a time of political repression. . Philippe de France, brother of Louis XIV, known as “Monsieur”, played no part in the political affairs of the kingdom.  Although François later died in battle, gossipmongers spread the (unlikely) tale of his kidnapping and imprisonment by the king. There were people, such as the king’s brother Gaston and his cousins the Condes who had strong reasons to be wary of a surprise pregnancy as they were the heirs to the throne. It was not iron at all, but black velvet. Cardinal Mazarin was a sort of chief minister (prime minister) of young Louis XIV and held a position similar to the one of Cardinal Richelieu in the time of Louis’s father (Louis XIII). A cousin of the king, François had been one of the leaders of the Fronde, the faction that conspired against the king early in his reign and hardened his tendency toward absolutism. Louis XIV is often called the ‘King of the Sun’, and was born in 1638 as the eldest son of King Louis XIII and Anna of Austria. Whereas earlier sources had described a mask of cloth or velvet, Voltaire specified that the mask was made of iron and gave specific details of this cruel contraption: “the chin of [the mask] was composed of steel springs, which gave him liberty to eat with it on.”, Voltaire was imprisoned in the Bastille in 1717 and claimed that he had heard the prisoner’s story from the oldest inmates. This massive book was the last in a series of novels that began with The Three Musketeers. Fouquet died there in 1680, and there is no indication that he was ever transferred to the Bastille. … Select from premium Louis Xiv Of France of the highest quality. At the start of Louis XIV’s reign, Versailles was just a humble hunting lodge 12 miles from Paris along a bumpy track. To his supporters, Louis was le Roi Soleil—the Sun King—in whose reign France expanded and strengthened her borders. Conspiracy theorists speculated that he had, in fact, survived and was secretly imprisoned by his father. Cardinal Mazarin was accused (he had died in 1661) but documentary evidence shows that he was in Italy from 1636 until 1640. In the 1690s, however, when France was at war with all of Europe, his enemies the Dutch began to question the story and insinuated that Anne of Austria (who had died in 1666) had gotten pregnant from a man other than her husband. However, it's possible that the real father is the supposed father's brother, father, paternal uncle, etc., since they would all have the same Y chromosome. www.sandragulland.com › the-queens-black-baby-fact-or-fiction The book shows how Desmaretz and his staff were in contact with reformers and advocates of new policies. Another candidate for the masked man was François de Bourbon, Duke of Beaufort. In fact, he was bisexual. Thus, implying that the conception took place that night. He is famous from his real name: Louis XIV of France, Nick Name(s): Sun King , Birthdate(Birthday): September 5, 1638 , Age on September 1, 1715 (Death date): 76 Years 11 Months 26 Days Profession: Kings (King of France), Address: France, Father: Louis XIII of France, Mother: Anne of Austria, Married: Yes, Children: Yes The challenges of writing fact-based fiction, On Plague, Sweating Sickness, and Covid-19, Reporting in: the charms and challenges of day-to-day life, On turning 75, NaNoWriMo and Day of the Dead. This whole story shows the power of propaganda to drive people’s imaginations without a shred of historical evidence. Louis XIV: Louis XIV was the longest-reigning king of France. For the new season of “Versailles” we collaborated with Canal+ to bring King Louis de France, known as “Le Grand Dauphin” or “Monseigneur”, died before his father, Louis XIV, and so never inherited the throne. He was named Louis Dieudonné (Louis the God-given) and bore the traditional title of French heirs apparent: Dauphin. According to this theory, the "miraculous" birth of Louis XIV in 1638 would have come after Louis XIII had been estranged from his wife Anne of Austria for 14 years. Documentary evidence shows that Louis XIII and his wife, Anne of Austria, made up their differences in August 1637. Cinq-Mars was accused of conspiring against the king (with Anne) and beheaded. Its ending centered on the mysterious man in the iron mask. The Jesuits have taken action and have attempted to assassinate the king but with no luck. Louis de Bourbon had been banished from court after being outed as a homosexual. Good evening brother, Louis XIV of France was crowned in the year of 1654.He was also nick named as the “ Sun King “.  The vital importance of producing an heir to the infectious state of the body, Sun. 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