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</body></html>";s:4:"text";s:17960:"The history of the Outer Hebrides begins with the melting of the ice-sheets and the arrival of Mesolithic Man. With the implementation of the Treaty of Union in 1707 the Hebrides became part of the new Kingdom of Great Britain, but the clans' loyalties to a distant monarch were not strong. The Arnish yard has had a chequered history but has been a significant employer in both the oil and renewables industries. [151][152], Archipelago and council area off the west coast of mainland Scotland, "Na h-Eileanan an Iar" redirects here. Far and wide the people were driven to flight. The council has its base in Stornoway on Lewis and is often known locally simply as "the Comhairle" or a' Chomhairle. Thompson (1968) p. 41. [90] Although their contribution to the islands can still be found in personal and placenames, the archaeological record of the Norse period is very limited. [119], Modern commercial activities centre on tourism, crofting, fishing, and weaving including the manufacture of Harris tweed. Figure 2: Natural Change and Net Migration in the Outer Hebrides 2009 to 2019. The Western Isles became part of the Norse kingdom of the Suðreyjar, which lasted for over 400 years until sovereignty for the Outer Hebrides was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. [72] Pliny probably took his information from Pytheas of Massilia who visited Britain sometime between 322 and 285 BC. There are about 100 islands, which covers a total area of 1,181 square miles. The granite here is anorthosite, and is similar in composition to rocks found in the mountains of the Moon. Most of the islands have a bedrock formed from ancient metamorphic rocks and the climate is mild and oceanic. Scottish Gaelic is the predominant spoken language, although in a few areas English speakers form a majority. The Highland Clearances of the 19th century had a devastating effect on many communities and it is only in recent years that population levels have ceased to decline. The greatest increase by age group has occurred in the 65-74 category (from representing 11.3% of the population in 2009 to 13.7% in 2019). Modern navigation systems now minimise the dangers but in the past the stormy seas have claimed many ships. Some are not geologically part of the Outer Hebrides, but are administratively and in most cases culturally, part of Comhairle nan Eilean Siar. The Outer Hebrides /ËhÉbrɪdiËz/ or Western Isles (Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan Siar [nÉ ËhelanÉn ËÊiÉɾ] (listen) or Na h-Eileanan an Iar [nÉ ËhelanÉn ÉËɲiÉɾ] (listen); Scots: Waster Isles), sometimes known as Innse Gall ("islands of the strangers") or the Long Isle/Long Island (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Eilean Fada), is an island chain off the west coast of mainland Scotland. [71] Watson (1926) states that the meaning of Ptolemy's Eboudai is unknown and that the root may be pre-Celtic. 152â158, See for example Maclean (1977) Chapter 10: "Arcady Despoiled" pp. The whole Outer Hebrides area is also a stronghold for the Gaelic language; estimates of around 60% of the population speaking it to some degree. The 15 inhabited islands have a total population of 26,830[4] and there are more than 50 substantial uninhabited islands. [79] Hanson (2003) writes: "For many years it has been almost axiomatic in studies of the period that the Roman conquest must have had some major medium or long-term impact on Scotland. [86] Norse control of the Hebrides was formalised in 1098 when Edgar, King of Scotland formally signed the islands over to Magnus III of Norway. Stornoway is the only settlement, which can really be described as having any 'urban' characteristics. Traditional Harris Tweed has become just one example of how the industry of the Outer Hebrides has impacted well beyond their shores. 15. inhabited islands. Thousands of northern gannets nest here, and by special arrangement some of their young, known as gugas are harvested annually by the men of Ness. Calvay in the Sound of Barra provided the inspiration for Compton Mackenzie's novel Whisky Galore after the SS Politician ran aground there with a cargo of single malt in 1941. Overall, the area is relatively reliant on primary industries and the public sector, and fishing and fish farming in particular are vulnerable to environmental impacts, changing market pressures, and European legislation. [15] Barra is 58.75 square kilometres (23 sq mi) in extent and has a rugged interior, surrounded by machair and extensive beaches.[16][17]. The Seaforth's royalist inclinations led to Lewis becoming garrisoned during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms by Cromwell's troops, who destroyed the old castle in Stornoway and in 1645 Lewismen fought on the royalist side at the Battle of Auldearn. "The ancient geography of Scotland" in Smith and Banks (2002) pp. Christianity has deep roots in the Western Isles, but owing mainly to the different allegiances of the clans in the past, the people in the northern islands (Lewis, Harris, North Uist) have historically been predominantly Presbyterian, and those of the southern islands (Benbecula, South Uist, Barra) predominantly Roman Catholic. This decrease can be attributed to the low net migration (50) but is mainly due to  the negative ânatural changeâ. All Lewis and Harris Records Available Now There are also more than 7,500 freshwater lochs in the Outer Hebrides, about 24% of the total for the whole of Scotland. It is not clear from the text which of MacKenzie's five books quoted in the bibliography spanning the years 1903â52 the quote is taken from. MacMahon, Peter and Walker, Helen (18 May 2007) "Winds of change sweep Scots town halls". 4 â NW Scotland & Outer Hebrides. [123], The Outer Hebrides became a unitary council area in 1975, although in most of the rest of Scotland similar unitary councils were not established until 1996. His skald Bjorn Cripplehand recorded that in Lewis "fire played high in the heaven" as "flame spouted from the houses" and that in the Uists "the king dyed his sword red in blood". [51][52], Most of the islands have a bedrock formed from Lewisian gneiss. The islands form an archipelago whose major islands are Lewis and Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, and Barra. As figure 4 illustrates, the greatest decline by age group has occurred in the 30-44 year category (from representing 18.8% of the population in 2009 to 15.9% in 2019). The colonists tried again in 1605 with the same result but a third attempt in 1607 was more successful, and in due course Stornoway became a Burgh of Barony. [132] However, by 2011 the overall percentage of Gaelic speakers in the Outer Hebrides had fallen to 52%.[133]. [87] The Scottish acceptance of Magnus III as King of the Isles came after the Norwegian king had conquered Orkney, the Hebrides and the Isle of Man in a swift campaign earlier the same year, directed against the local Norwegian leaders of the various islandsâ petty kingdoms. The best known find from this time is the Lewis chessmen, which date from the mid 12th century. In 2003 Scottish Natural Heritage undertook culls of hedgehogs in the area, but these were halted in 2007; trapped animals are now relocated to the mainland. The largest settlement in the Outer Hebrides is Stornoway on Lewis, which has a population of about 8,100. (Opens in a new window or downloads a file). The estimated decrease in the population of the Outer Hebrides from 2018-2019 can be attributed to  low net migration (more in-migration than out-migration) which was estimated to be 50 but is mainly due to  negative ânatural changeâ. The. A two-week festival, it has inspired 43 other feisean throughout Scotland. [148] The Lewis Pipe Band was founded in 1904 and the Lewis and Harris Piping Society in 1977. [9] North and South Uist and Lewis, in particular, have landscapes with a high percentage of fresh water and a maze and complexity of loch shapes. [147], Outdoor activities including rugby, football, golf, shinty, fishing, riding, canoeing, athletics, and multi-sports are popular in the Western Isles. [112] In July 1906 grazing land on Vatersay was raided by landless men from Barra and its isles. The summer days are relatively long and May to August is the driest period. [45] On Barra Head, for example, Historic Scotland have identified eighty-three archaeological sites on the island, the majority being of a pre-medieval date. [147] Fèis Bharraigh began in 1981 with the aim of developing the practice and study of the Gaelic language, literature, music, drama and culture on the islands of Barra and Vatersay. Tide. [ 127 ] [ 52 ], modern commercial activities centre on tourism,,... Around 130, scattered along the 5 km or so of road 1,100 1,200. Here lives with you, your family and your friends forever ( )! 130 mi ) to the low net migration in the affairs of the British Isles a string of islands the... Surviving through harsh weather, cancelled ferries and social isolation for example (... Whole of Scotland apparently was of little service to the Norwegian crown, although in a few areas speakers! Metamorphic rocks and the climate is mild and oceanic loggerheads again water has! 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