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</html>";s:4:"text";s:27114:"Thatâs not enough to pay for the cost of traveling to their home village in South India, where they could live rent-free, nor to cover school tuition for the girls. âIt will be part of our continuous process from now on.â. âThis is the procedure. Whether in Nairobiâs Kibera or Rio de Janeiroâs hilltop favelas, slum economies are inextricably linked to the cities around them. â² Bhoyar prepares to visit Dharavi residents. Situated between Mumbai’s two main suburb lines – the Western and Central Railways, Dharavi stands as one of India’s largest slums. are very common in slum areas. The only solution, Dighavkar says, is âscreening, screening, screening,â an unrelenting effort to track down infected people and isolate them from the community. Only about two-thirds of the slumâs people are formal residents; the rest are rural migrants who traditionally slept on factory floors or shared rented rooms, returning to their hometowns a few times a year. Dharavi Slum Tour. As the Raj gave way to independent India and Mumbaiâs population swelled, the teeming slum eventually found itself not on the cityâs fringe but near its geographic center. Deprivation abounded, but Dharavi could also be a social accelerator, allowing the poorest to begin their long climb to greater prosperityâand to joining the consumer class that powers the $3 trillion Indian economy. She told the young man who answered the door that everyone who lived in the house needed to go to a quarantine center for observation and testing. A few minutes later they climbed back into their vehicle and were driven away. Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with cases a day of diphtheria and typhoid. But itâs a financial catastrophe for people like Ilaiyaraaja. But as the rain started to pick up again, Bhoyar said she was convinced that, in Dharavi, it would be enough to keep the virus at bay. When the system detected a fever, the monitor was supposed to show a red box around a patient, while normal temperatures would prompt a green box. â² Khwaja Qureshi is waiting for his employees to return. Those problems exist because those people aren't living on their own property and because it is a poor piece of land, so the government is trying to kick them out so that they can start a new project, this cause many problems and issues to the people such as poverty and hunger. This has resulted in some inconvenience for Mumbaiâs middle and upper classesâone local company had to suspend sales of dishwashers because of an overwhelming volume of orders. Next to the open sewers are water pipes, which can crack and take in sewage. Dharaviâs first coronavirus case was posthumous. The Dharavi slum is spread over 2.4 sqkm, has 850,000 residents and a population density of 354,167 per square kilometre, making it one of the more cramped spaces in … âWe have to make sure safety measures are taken.â His most urgent priority was to get as much protective gear to workers as possible. LEDC case study — Mumbai. But during a recent visit, the shredder was silent and the workers gone, decamped to their villages in Indiaâs north. There are 650 families or 3,300 people living in every hectare of that area. Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of Asia's largest slums. â² Valli Ilaiyaraaja in her Dharavi home. âWe are fed up with this virus,â Ilaiyaraaja said in her tiny tenement apartment, two of her daughters sitting shyly by her side, âand with waiting for this nightmare to be over.â. In simple words we could see that slums are treated as areas of extreme policy neglect over time to time whereas if we look more into the policy implications on slums especially that of Dharavi we could see that in the year 2009 the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) scheme to make India ‘slum-free’ within 5 years was announced and later the period is extended to 7 years. So the company was letting him stay on the premises for free, until he could find a more permanent arrangement. Spread over an area of 2.4 square kilometres, Dharavi is home to around 8.5 lakh people. After drawing the hoods over their hair, they looked a little like snowmen. Dharavi is a unique case. With redevelopment plans in flux, Dighavkarâs superiors had little enthusiasm for putting significant money into Dharavi. Suraj Ahmed was one of the few whoâd come backâin his case from a small village in Uttar Pradesh. Infections were soon spreading rapidly, prompting the Mumbai government to impose draconian containment measures. âI have to earn a living,â he said. âNow we have to live with this disease,â Dighavkar said in an interview at a temporary hospital, one of several heâd established to handle Covid-19 cases. Dighavkar, watching from inside the booth, was pleased. Qureshi, a stout, thick-fingered man of 43 whose father founded the operation, mostly ignored his feline workplace companions. The protection raises costs, âbut itâs required for the safety of everyone,â said floor manager Vijayanti Kewlani, whoâd donned the same gear. Dharavi is many things: Asia’s largest slum, one of the most densely populated areas in the world (with 3.6 lakh people per sq. That success has made Dharavi an unlikely role model, its methods copied by epidemiologists elsewhere and singled out for praise by the World Health Organization. Photographs and Video by Zishaan A Latif. They commandeered wedding halls, sports centers, and schools as isolation facilities to separate suspected cases from the rest of the population. There are also toxic wastes in the slum including hugely dangerous heavy metals. He couldnât afford to live in the room heâd been sharing with two co-workers, because neither had yet returned. Last year he was named assistant municipal commissioner for G Ward North, a swath of Mumbai that includes the slum. Whole streets were sealed off behind checkpoints, with officers on patrol and camera-equipped drones buzzing overhead. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Before the pandemic, it generated more than $1 billion a year in activity, providing a base for industries from pottery and leather-tanning to recycling and the garment trade. But successive consultations, proposals, tenders, and visioning exercises failed to settle on any plan. Made up of seven islands on the west coast of India since merged … km) and, now, also a containment zone. Similar policies remain in place across the city. So the family is in limbo, waiting both for the economy to pick up and for the stigma attached to slum dwellers to fade. The Dharavi slum was founded in 1884 during the British colonial era, and grew because the expulsion of factories and residents from the peninsular city centre by the colonial government and from t The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air pollution, it also has no sewage or drainage systems. 50, No. Some undertook a tricky maneuver that involved pulling the hems of their saris up and back between their legs, tucking the fabric behind their waists, to step into the white coveralls theyâd been issued. Many people in Dharavi work in unlicensed businesses that are in perpetual danger of being closed, and have good reasons to avoid contact with the authorities. The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air pollution, it also has no sewage or drainage systems. Qureshiâs own family is a case in point. The slum spread over 535 acres has over one lakh huts with a population of 15 to 16 lakh. The existence of slums worldwide is also a sign that the slum is a crucial element of contemporary urbanisation. Dharavi's first COVID-19 case was reported on April 1, about 20 Debate Essay Rubric For Middle School days after the first such patient was found in Mumbai. This kind of tedious work has none of the technological glitz of an innovative treatment or the silver-bullet promise of an effective vaccine. Slum & Rural Innovation Project, is a Storytelling and Technology Education platform in India, dedicated to ignite the curiosity, problem solving capabilities and innovative spirit of kids, youth and women in lower income groups of urban slums and rural communities. Dharavi is an urban slum with the highest density of people perhaps anywhere in the world. This article will attempt to define this phenomenon and understand its causes. Despite its absent workers and stepped-up protective measures, Dharavi could still provide an extremely hospitable environment for the virusâparticularly if a rush of returning migrants reintroduces it at large scale. There were only about 2,000 confirmed infections in India at the time, mostly traceable to international travel, and the news seemed to indicate a serious problem. What worried Dighavkar was the prospect of reopening factoriesâcramped, poorly ventilated places where laborers spend hours on end, elbow-to-elbow. Some scientists have suggested the impressive numbers arenât entirely the result of public-health measures. The tent housed a 192-bed field hospital for Covid-19 cases and had been carefully designed to triage incoming patients without letting them spread the virus. Dharavi Girls have created Mobile Apps. The trouble, though, was that all the boxes were greenânot something a physician greeting confirmed coronavirus carriers would expect to see. Just beyond is a bright workshop, where during a recent visit eight artisans sat cross-legged at workstations spaced about two feet apartâconsiderably less jammed-in than they would have been before this year. Bhoyar wasnât having it. Some were reluctant to cooperate. But the man, who said he worked as a sales manager at an insurance company, making him prosperous by local standards, was reluctant. The Dharavi Slums Asia's largest slum, Dharavi, lies in the heart of India's financial capital, Mumbai (Bombay). So in his first months in his new role he focused on the middle-class neighborhoods at its edges, laying new sidewalks and making symbolic changes such as switching the figures on crosswalk signals from male to female. The neighborâs family wouldnât have to quarantine, she said, but would be visited again to see if anyone had developed symptoms. Dharavi contained Covid-19 against all the odds. â² Health worker Sunanda Bhoyar in Dharavi. Those who tested positive were sent to hospital wards that had been dedicated entirely to treating Covid-19, while contact tracers raced to locate people theyâd spent time with. âOnce the factories start again, maybe weâll get more cases,â he said in his office. She was one of the groupâs few professionals, a registered nurse assigned to guide the less-experienced workers. Next to the open sewers are water pipes, which can crack and take in sewage. But only 30% of its personnel have resumed their jobs, mostly Dharavi locals, leaving the company well short of the numbers it might need to fill large orders. Contactless entryâ. Authorities stress that … With an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents- leather, textiles and pottery products are among the goods made inside Dharavi. As of 2012, 863 million people called a slum their home. Considered to be one of the world’s largest slum, Dharavi in Mumbai, India is spread over 2.1 square kilometres (520 acres) with a population of somewhere between 700,000 to a million. There were far too many of them to evict, or ignore, and in the 1970s, vote-seeking politicians began to make small improvements, such as public latrines. Adequate policy responses are then suggested. His father was born in the hinterland to a poor tenant farmer but moved to Dharavi to work in a textile factory, getting into the recycling business after he realized the value of the plastic packaging that new spools of thread arrived in. By various estimates, 8.5 lakh to a million people live in Dharavi, rendering the slum’s incidence of Covid cases per million nearly 13 times the per million rate for the country. Bhoyar knew the way and soon found what she was looking for: the home of an elderly couple whoâd just tested positive and were being treated in hospital. 6 Negative Impacts of Slums Slums are heavily populated urban areas characterized by substandard housing, inadequate access to clean water and sanitation, and a constantly changing residential population. (Bloomberg Businessweek) -- Normally, Khwaja Qureshi’s recycling facility in Dharavi, the slum in Mumbai, would be no place for three newborn tabby kittens. She soon set off into the heart of Dharaviâs residential quarter, a warren of footpaths and alleyways often too narrow for a pair of people to walk abreast. On a muggy summer day, seven anxious-looking people, all wearing masks, stepped off a minibus and into a large vinyl tent that had taken over a parking lot on Dharaviâs outskirts. Dharavi slum This resource supports the teaching of the Extreme global impacts unit and focuses on the problems of living in the Dharavi slums and the possible solutions that exist. At the very least, people had to come out to use the toilet, to fill water bottles from public taps, and to collect food packets donated by charities. The example of mega-project like the slum redevelopment project in Dharavi (DPR) will be mentioned later. Before efforts to contain the novel coronavirus idled much of the Indian economy, the 350-square-foot concrete room was a hive of nonstop industry. To get there, you must first turn off one of the slumâs raucous commercial drags and into a lane of decrepit buildings covered in tarps and corrugated steel sheets, which opens after a little while into something of a public square. Bhoyar patiently explained that the manâs 9-year-old daughter was friends with one of the brothersâ children, and often visited their house to play. Fabric wholesalers had rolled up their steel shutters, while corner stores were again places for groups of local women to meet and chat. The challenge in Dharavi is to reclaim this vitality safely. Many have had experiences like those of Valli Ilaiyaraaja, who used to work as a cleaner for three families in a neighborhood near the slum, and said none would allow her back even after the national lockdown ended in June. • The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air pollution, it also has no sewage or drainage systems. But, the negative impacts that result from slums are alarming. The Dharavi Redevelopment Project was approved by the state government in the year 2018. By then, many of its tents and huts had been replaced by structures of brick, concrete, and tile, arrayed around communal wells and powered by electricity from the municipal gridâeven though almost no residents had formal land title. The irony is that Dharavi, which has a population of about 1 million and is probably the most densely packed human settlement on Earth, has largely contained the coronavirus. Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a … All these are social problems of slums in India. That was due in part to opposition from residents, who pointed out that even if renovations brought better housing, their jobs might be relocated to distant industrial parks. Many had little choice but to go home, a journey that had to be made on foot, because the government had suspended train and bus services to contain infections. One morning in July, after one of the heaviest monsoon rainfalls Mumbai had seen in years, about a dozen of these women gathered at a public hospital to collect their addresses for the day and suit up in protective gear. There, if you skip between a puddle of foul water and a dead rat, then duck beneath a tangle of electrical wires, youâll come to a dark, damp tunnel leading to what feels like a different world. Children play amongst sewage waste and doctors deal with 4,000 cases a day of diphtheria and typhoid. Soon, Bhoyar approached a neighbor, who was skeptical that he was at risk, claiming that he and his wife didnât even know the people whoâd been infected. In some countries their inhabitants account for 90% of the informal urban workforceâan army of construction laborers, small-time vendors, assembly-line helpers, and restaurant servers that developing world metropolises rely on to function. Just behind, in a sealed-off observation booth, Dr. Asad Khan issued instructions through a microphone while observing the camera feed on a monitor. Indiaâs economy is in an historic slump, and less economic activity means fewer things being thrown awayâand also less demand to make new products from the old. It was likely the countryâs largest forced migration since Partition, the violent 1947 division of India and Pakistanâand had the unintended result of spreading the coronavirus deep into rural areas. Dharavi is made up of 12 different neighborhoods and there are no maps or road signs. Normally, Khwaja Qureshiâs recycling facility in Dharavi, the slum in Mumbai, would be no place for three newborn tabby kittens. This prompted Khan to query the new arrivals on why theyâd been brought to his tent. Managers had cleared out some upstairs storage space to allow more distance between each employee, and all of them were wearing disposable smocks, masks, and plastic face shields, purchased at the companyâs expense. An Introduction to the Slums. Anywhere between 20 and 50 families have to share one community toilet and one water tap. Itâs also a remarkable contrast to the disaster unfolding in the rest of India. Mumbai (AsiaNews) - Dharavi slum, the largest in Asia, is a true success story in India's fight against coronavirus. Dharaviâs modern history dates to the late 19th century, when Muslim tanners, looking for a place to practice their odoriferous trade outside the limits of British-run Bombay, built a rudimentary settlement nearby. A place with more people than San Francisco, crammed into an area smaller than Central Park, is hardly a promising environment for social distancing. The reason that past redevelopment projects have failed is largely due to resistance from slum residents who felt the plans were not in their interest. The Slum redevelopment in Dharavi called the Dharavi Redevelopment Plan (DRP), is a public – private partnership project developed by private developers (Arputham & Patel 2010). No one had much hope that things would pick up soon. It also offered to cover the cost of transportation back to the city and is looking into securing more spacious housingâmaybe even with the luxury of an attached toiletâfor staff who return. Itâs a substantial commitment of resources, but the human and economic toll of a renewed outbreak would be far larger. The thermal camera and Khanâs questioning had prevented that outcomeâevidence, to Dighavkar, that the system was working. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres and a population of about 1,000,000. Sunanda Bhoyar was more practically attired, in a block-print tunic over billowy pink trousers, and donned her suit with ease. In the slum people have to live with many problems. Dharavi slum is based around this water pipe built on an old rubbish tip. Due to the exponential growth of Mumbai, the informal settlements at Dharavi shall be cleared and transformed into modern business and housing districts. But Dighavkarâs workers gradually won their trust, thanks in part to residents returning from quarantine telling of a comfortable stay and competent care. The visible precautions in the factory made him feel safer, Ahmed said as he attached a finely worked leather strap to the top of a new sandal, his wiry beard peeking out from under his mask. âPrecaution will be our key focus going forward,â she saidââsocial distancing, awareness related to hygiene, fever screening, and sanitization.â Even with the massive slum slowly coming back to life, Bhoyar added, âIâm not really scared.â. By the time the area played a starring role in 2008âs Slumdog Millionaire, soaring housing costs in the rest of Mumbai had even made it attractive to some white-collar workers looking for affordable, centrally located housing. Deadly diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, malaria, gastrointestinal disorders, etc. â² Kiran Dighavkar at an isolation center. I went on this 3-hr Mumbai Dharavi slum walking tour which I booked through Klook. Thanks to an aggressive response by local officials and the active participation of residents, the slum has gone from what looked like an out-of-control outbreak in April and May to a late-September average of 1.3 cases per day for every 100,000 residents, compared with about 7 per 100,000 in Portugal. The front line of Dighavkarâs plan will be made up of women. Everyday the potters brick kilns send huge black clouds into the air which pollutes the air and makes the cloud black and Sion hospital complains about the heavy black smoke that's making their patients case worse. Antibody surveys over the summer found that almost 60% of the population in certain Mumbai slums had coronavirus antibodies, indicating that a degree of herd immunity could be at work. âThis is our own invention. Dharavi, often considered Asia's biggest slum with an estimated 1 million residents, has reported 71 cases and experts fear the number could climb quickly. Regardless of their official status, âwe are here to take care of them,â Dighavkar said. In a pristine marble hallway, a multilingual sign asks visitors to apply some hand sanitizer from a dispenser on the wall. She and her three young daughters now depend entirely on her husband, who lost his job as a welder during the lockdown and is making just 100 rupees ($1.37) a day loading trucks. She ordered everyoneâs hands marked with indelible inkâalso used in India to prevent people from voting twice in electionsâto ensure theyâd be brought to quarantine. There was almost no sunlight, the result of haphazard additions that had pushed the buildings on either side to structurally questionable heights. Dharavi, Asia's largest slum is a home to nearly 700,000 to 1 million people, with an inordinate population density of 277,136 per square km. But even the most fatalistic virologists credit Dighavkarâs model with keeping mortality low, with some help from a youthful population. The project states that the entire slum will be renovated as a whole. It’s a small 2-6 person group tour that costs just INR 460 (about USD 6.50). The future of Dharaviâs manufacturing sector may look like International Footsteps, a factory that makes sandals for Western mall brands such as Aldo. Because Dharavi is so condensed, it has grown into its own ecosystem. The consensus was pessimistic. He also proudly took credit for building the cityâs costliest public convenience, a $122,000 toilet complex on a busy seaside promenade. More than 15,000 “niche” tourists visit Dharavi each year. It is incredible but yes some genius teenager girls have … The problem, for International Footsteps as well as other businesses in Dharavi, is that “everyone” isn’t who it used to be. Of this, around 1,300 cases come from Dharavi, one of Asia’s biggest slums, where the high population density flies in the face of every social distancing guideline. Most slums lack reliable sanitation, water, electricity supply and formal medical services, with these needs becoming more acutely felt as more move to the Dharavi slums. People have to go to the toilet in the street and there are. Their apartment buildings had banned entry to outside help, out of fear that cleaners and cooks would bring the virus with them. In order for a housing u… Heâd been spending his days sitting on a plastic chair, drinking cup after cup of milk tea and chatting with other Dharavi entrepreneurs, all of them part of Mumbaiâs fearsomely efficient but completely informal recycling industry, who stopped by to talk business. Led by an energetic municipal manager named Kiran Dighavkar, who was also in charge of the slumâs Covid-19 response, people in Dharavi are now trying to restart their economic lives without seeding new outbreaks. But to Dighavkar, the impossibility of keeping slum residents in their homes quickly became evident. His previous posting was in the historic core, where his signature project had been the construction of a viewing platform in front of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, an architecturally spectacular Victorian rail hub, that allowed tourists to snap photos without dashing into traffic. Dharaviâs economic calamity, however, may be just getting started. The … Rather than waiting for infected people to announce themselves, the government began dispatching teams of health-care workers to find them, going door to door asking about symptoms, offering free fever screenings, and administering tests to those likeliest to have the virus. With a population density of over 277,136/km2, Dharavi is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Its maze of tarpaulin tents and illegally built tenements and workshops have traditionally served as a commercial engine for all of Mumbai, a frenetic crossroads of exchange and entrepreneurship at the heart of Indiaâs financial capital. A young man stepped forward as the groupâs unofficial spokesperson, and after some back and forth, Khan learned that none of them had even been tested for the virus. Mumbai, as a world city, is challenged to meet the housing deficit for expanding population even they paid efforts on various policies (Bardhan et al., 2015). The problem with Dharavi tourism Slum tours, also called reality tours, adventure tours, artisanal tours, and poverty tours and are advertised under the “niche travel” sections of several tourism portals. Everyday the potters brick kilns send huge black clouds into the air which pollutes the air and makes the cloud black and Sion hospital complains about the heavy black smoke that's making their patients case worse. Dharavi is located between Mumbai's 2 main suburban rail lines, most people find it useful for work, it is located 12km south-east of Juhu. Dharavi Dharvai located in Mumbai, is home to one of the largest slums in the world. âDharavi is a hub of activity, and we cannot let it go.â, Watch: How Indiaâs Biggest Slum Contained Covid. 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