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</html>";s:4:"text";s:39122:"The quadrate at the posterior end of the entopterygoid furnishes a condyle for the articulation of the lower jaw. It consists of two bones on each side of the body: the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). The proximal segment of each somactidia is large and dagger-shaped, and called axonast (interspinous bone). Volume 2 (Units 3 & 4) Unit 3 : Regulation, Integration, and Control ... Labor, and Birth. Note the gender difference in distance between both cirsta iliaca anterior superior (distantia interspinosa), the size of the acetabular fossa and the subpubic angle. They’re especially common in children and younger adults. (ii) The second or hyoid arch forms the suspensorium and hyoid cornu. Manubrium. Shoulder Girdle. Each has a deep nasal pit which lodges the nasal sac. The vertebral column is differentiated into distinct bony vertebrae. Chordata, Osteichthyes, Rohu Fish, Skeleton of Rohu Fish, Vertebrates, Zoology. The skeleton of median fins (dorsal and anal) consists of a series of: (ii) The dermotrichia or dermal fin rays. Like pectoral girdle, it is also formed of two similar halves. NCERT DC Pandey Sunil Batra HC Verma Pradeep Errorless. The endoskeleton of Labeo is completely ossified and forms the framework of the body. The pectoral girdle is designed to absorb the shock of the anuran as it lands on its forelimbs; an elastic, muscular suspension connecting the pectoral girdle to the skull and vertebral column provides this ability. It lies in between scaphium and tripus. Define pectoral girdles. Clavicle bone The clavicle or collarbone is an S-shaped bone situated at the front of your body in a horizontal position. Author information: (1)elryan@melbpc.org.au OBJECTIVE: To determine the part played by drag on the pectoral girdle muscles of women in the production of pain in these muscles from breast weight being carried at the shoulders through the brassiere straps. To the ventro-lateral region of the vertebra are attached by ligament a pair of long, slender pleural ribs with dilated heads. In between scaphium and tripus is present a stout ligament. The scapula (shoulder blade) lies on the posterior aspect of the shoulder. Caudal fin is supported by a number of flattened bony rods. These are the gill-rakers. Every childbirth is different so is the body shape of different women. The sternal end is also anchored to the first rib by the costoclavicular ligament. Pelvic Girdle and Fins: 1. Radius and Ulna. However, instead of remaining cartilaginous, it is ossified by three replacing bones. The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. The lower jaw is formed of dentaries, angulars and articulars, Articular is formed by the ossification of Meckel’s cartilage and articulates with the quadrate of the upper jaw. Pectoral Girdle. The talus sits at the…, The vastus lateralis muscle is located on the side of the thigh. 15.2) is an extremely complex structure, composed of many investing membrane or dermal bones and cartilage bones. When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the. (a) Anterior pro-otic which unites with its fellow of the opposite side in the floor of the brain case, just in front of the basioccipital; (b) Opisthotic in the posterior part of the capsule, external to the exoccipital; (c) Sphenotic above the pro-otic and forming part of the boundary of the orbit; (d) Pterotic above the exoccipital and opisthotic, forming a distinct lateral ridge and produced behind into a prominent pterotic process; and. Beneath the basihyal is present a median urohyal. rougher; more. The neural arches arising from the centrum are fused dorsally to form long, backwardly directed neural spine. This bone is often shorter and less curved in women, while in men it’s longer and heavier with a more defined curve. Content Guidelines 2. The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis. Near the glenoid cavity there is a coracoid process formed by the reduced coracoid. These are anterior preorbital, posterior postorbital, supraorbital and postfrontal are of the dorsal side bones and infraorbital forms the anteroventral part of the ring. In this way a firm vertical plate of bone is formed, to the edge of which the caudal fin rays are attached fanwise in a symmetrical manner. Examine the figure of pectoral girdle and forelimb and identify the parts labelled as A, B, C and D. Books. The first four trunk vertebrae are greatly changed since these vertebrae connect the swim- bladder with the internal ear. Anterior boundary of each orbit is formed by ectoethmoid, posterior boundary is formed by the sphenotic, dorsal boundary is made by frontal and ventral boundary is formed by alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid. Dentary meets with its fellow of the other side in the middle. In Labeo the' long pharyngeal process of the basioccipital tapers into a bifid tip. The sternal end is also anchored to the first rib by the costoclavicular ligament. All these bones bear no teeth. The skeleton of the pectoral fin consists of radials and dermal fin rays. The ectoethmoids also take part in the formation of olfactory capsules. 35. This allows for your shoulder and arms to move and function independently. The low neural arches arise from the latero-dorsal surface of the centrum and fuse in the middle to form a long, slender neural spine directed upwards and backwards. The clavicle articulates with the sternum and the scapula. Bone anatomy of the pectoral girdle. The scapula provides an attachment point for a number of muscles in your shoulder and upper limbs to your neck and back. pectoral girdles synonyms, pectoral girdles pronunciation, pectoral girdles translation, English dictionary definition of pectoral girdles. Pectoral Girdle (Rabbit): Each half of the girdle has a triangular scapula or shoulder blade, at the end of which is a glenoid cavity. Unlike your clavicle, the scapula bone or shoulder blade is located at the back of your shoulder. All these segments are ossified by replacing bones. Radius and Ulna. The anterior forked end is connected with the rib of the twelfth trunk vertebra by ligaments. The pectoral girdle, consisting of the clavicle and the scapula, attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton. Functions of the Appendicular Skeleton. Frontals articulate anteriorly with the median mesethmoid and laterally and mesially with the nasals and ectoethmoids. It consists of two bones on each side of the body: the clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade). Disclaimer Copyright, Zoology Notes | Exclusive Notes on Zoology for Students, Urinogenital System of Rohu Fish (Labeo rohita): With Diagram | Zoology, External Morphology of Rohu Fish (With Diagram) | Chordata | Zoology, Blood Vascular System of Rohu Fish (With Diagram) | Chordata | Zoology, Respiratory System of Rohu Fish (With Diagram) | Chordata | Zoology, Dogfish: Origin and Habitat | Chordata | Zoology. At the free edges of fins are also present unbranched horny actinotrichia. Externally to these is a very large investing bone, the cleithrum, extending downwards under the throat. They also allow for a large range of motion, connecting muscles necessary for shoulder and arm movement. pectoral fin synonyms, pectoral fin pronunciation, pectoral fin translation, English dictionary definition of pectoral fin. Pectoral fin without spine bearing i,14 (2, including holotype) or i,15 rays (4), enlarged, distal margin broadly rounded, reaching or slightly in front of pectoral fin origin, its first ray broadened and non-ossified, ventrally ornamented with regular striae. Enormous changes in the mother’s body are required to expel the baby at the end of pregnancy. Enormous changes in the mother’s body are required to expel the baby at the end of pregnancy. The only fixed support for the pectoral girdle ( and is part of the pectoral girdle) is the. Spines in the fins of Labeo are unsegmented, uniserial structures. Lactation. The structure of the pectoral girdle and its position along the axial skeleton has changed significantly during vertebrate evolution. The events of childbirth, once begun, must progress rapidly to a conclusion or the life of the mother and the baby are at risk. The mesial segment is short and distal segment is reduced. The subopercular lies below and internal to the opercular. The scapula is a flat, triangular-shaped bone with a prominent ridge running across its posterior … The pectoral fin is supported by nineteen lepidotrichia which are attached with four somactidia (radials). In turn, the scapula articulates with the humerus of the arm. The cranium and sense capsules are firmly united together. The pectoral girdle comprises of the scapula and clavicle as well as the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, and … The pelvic bones include the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx. The scapula (shoulder blade) lies on the posterior aspect of the shoulder. The clavicle (collarbone) is an S-shaped bone located on the anterior side of the shoulder. Like pectoral girdle, it is also formed of two similar halves. Physics. The posterior rod-like parts of both the halves are united in the mid-line. External to them are two large investing bones, the premaxilla and the maxilla, which together form the actual or secondary upper jaw. In the embryonic stage the concavities are communicated by a narrow notochordal canal perforating the centrum. Hand The cranium of Labeo rohita is divided into four regions: It forms the anterior part of the cranium and is formed of paired nasals, ectoethmoids, lacrymals and unpaired median mesethmoid, vomer and rostral. Salt water fishes acclimatized for fresh water (Chanos, Mullet). The pelvis forms the base of the spine as well as the socket of the hip joint. It is supposed that this apparatus is a modification of processes of certain vertebrae, which carries pressure stimuli anteriorly to the perilymph. Its distal end is connected by means of a supraclavicle to a forked bone, the post temporal, one branch of which articulates with the epiotic and the other with the pterotic process. It was discovered by Weber in 1820 who regarded them to be ear ossicles. The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, and its lateral end articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint (see fig. Pectoral girdle myalgia in women: a 5-year study in a clinical setting. It includes seven paired arches uniting in the mid-ventral line. In fishes, it forms the part of the skull. Basihyal supports the tongue. The operculum is formed of four investing bones; opercular, preopercular, subopercular and interopercular. The pectoral girdle articulates the forelimb with the axial skeleton in all vertebrates with paired anterior appendages. pectoral fin: one of a pair of propellant/steering organs attached to the PECTORAL GIRDLE of fish. Each half of pectoral girdle (Fig. The centra of second and third vertebrae are completely fused to form a large centrum that carries a flattened triangular plate, the tripus. Quiz: What is Anatomy and Physiology? Atlas » Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. This picture also contains other parts such as coracoid tuberosity, acromial end, acromion, humerus, coracoid process and so on. 8.27). Appendicular Skeleton (Pectoral Girdle, bones of upper Limb) 111-117 9/28-10/3 Pelvic Girdle, bones of lower limb 118-125 Articulations (Shoulder & Knee) 144,147 10/5-10/10 Review 10/12-10/17 Midterm Practical (100 points) 10/19-10/24 Introduction to Muscles 153-165 Bones of the Upper Limb. The vomer is a quadrangular bone placed beneath the mesethmoid in front of the parasphenoid on the ventral side of the skull. These curve downwards and backwards between the muscles and the peritoneum, thus, encircling the abdominal cavity. 8.27). A normal labour involves the widest diameter of the fetus successfully negotiating the widest diameter of the bony pelvis of the mother via the most efficient route. Gross anatomy. All rights reserved. pelvic axis. The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint, and its lateral end articulates with the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint (see fig. Combined movement of the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joints allow the upper limb… In the caudal vertebrae the centrum is amphicoelous. Saved by er-cryptid. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. The Urohyal The shape of this bone differs in all the genera studied. The opercular is a large, flat bone with a condyle which articulates with the hyomandibular. Pelvic girdle (Fig. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula; in those species with three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid.Some mammalian species (such as the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. Each half of the primary girdle isformed by scapula, coracoid and the mesocoracoid. The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which serve to attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton. They are of two types- spines (single ray) and soft rays (segmented rays). Around focus there are concentric rows of ridges called circulii which are used to count the age of fishes. Question 19. A vertical plate or inter-orbital septum separates the two cavities from one another. The hindmost centra have their axes deflected upwards and the last centrum is rod-like structure, the urostyle. The girdle creates a base from which the head of the humerus, in its ball-and-socket joint with the glenoid fossa of the scapula, can move the arm in multiple directions. The skull is divided into cranium enclosing the brain with paired olfactory, optic and auditory capsules for the respective sense organs and the visceral or branchial arches. In the occipital region are four bones. The pectoral girdle, or shoulder girdle, consists of the lateral ends of the clavicle and scapula, along with the proximal end of the humerus, and the muscles covering these three bones to stabilize the shoulder joint. It is thick in mid region. The vertical wing of the' urohyal extends posteriorly in Parapsilorhynchus, Garra and Labeo while in Psilorhynchus and Crossocheilus it is very much reduced (fig. Thus, there are four bones in the Weberian apparatus, viz., claustrum, scaphium, interclarium and tripus. Your scapula is divided into three borders: Injury or fracture to the scapula is uncommon, but can occur from severe chest trauma, sports injuries, or car collisions. Pelvic Girdle and Pectoral Girdle. It is surrounded by muscles on both its anterior (deep) and posterior (superficial) sides, and thus does not articulate with the ribs of the thoracic cage. Osteology and Arthrology of the Pectoral Girdle Pectoral Girdle = Scapula + Clavicle It transmits weight of the upper limb to the axial skeleton and facilitates a wide range of movement of the upper limb (Humerus - Scapula - Clavicle - Trunk). Tripus is the modification of transverse process of third vertebra, and it is the last element of Weberian apparatus. Suspensorium is formed of two bones, the hyomandibular and symplectic. The outgrowths corresponding to the parapophyses are fused with the centrum and unite in the middle ventral line, forming a haemal arch. The Pelvic Girdle In front of auditory region the cranium is excavated on each side by a large orbit. It’s triangular and connects your humerus with your clavicle. (e) Epitoic is a small bone wedged in between the supra- and exoccipitals and pterotic, and produced into a short epiotic process. Pectoral Girdle. The pelvic bone has an anterior elongated part which is deeply forked at the tip, and a posterior rod-like cartilaginous part. Scapula. The hip bones are … 15.7) is placed anterior to anal fin, at the level of cloaca. The bones that attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle). pectoral fin: one of a pair of propellant/steering organs attached to the PECTORAL GIRDLE of fish. The lacrymals are attached with the antero-lateral borders of mesethmoid on the antero-dorsal surface of the skull. In the first six caudals each haemal arch bears a pair of ribs. The radials articulate with the scapula. Clavicle. ASL-STEM Forum. A pectoral girdle, also referred to as the shoulder girdle, connects your upper limbs to the bones along the axis of your body. In your nursing assessment you should expect the fetal head to the descend from anatomical landmark. radius. The fact that the size of bra worn was largely dependent on self-selection might have been responsible for … Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. searching for Girdle 518 found (2464 total) alternate case: girdle Pelvis (5,608 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article region of the trunk. It consists of the • clavicle • scapula in humans •in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid.. •No joint exists between each clavicle and the thorax, instead the … It supports your shoulder, encourages a full range of motion, and protects your nerves and blood vessels that pass between the trunk of your body and your upper limbs. n. Either of the anterior pair of fins attached to the pectoral girdle of fishes, corresponding to the forelimbs of other vertebrates. The extreme muscular work of labor and delivery are the result of a positive feedback system (Figure 1.3.3). Scales are cycloid type which are thin overlapping bony plates, partly covered by skin. Functions of Pectoral Girdle. Moreover, there are several radial lines, starting from focus and extending up to the periphery, called radii. The first and second radials each bear two fin rays, and the third largest radial bears the remaining five fin-rays. This consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle ( Figure 8.3 ). In the fourth arch hypobranchial is absent. On the anterior and posterior faces of neural arches are present pre- and postzygapophyses, by which adjacent vertebrae articulate. It is constructed by 2 clavicle bones and 2 scapulae. The pelvic girdle is composed of the appendicular hip bones (ilium, ischium In this article we will discuss about the skeleton of rohu fish (Labeo rohita) with the help of suitable diagrams. The rostral fits into a notch in the mesethmoid. Opisthotic is absent in adult Rohu Fish (Labeo rohita). The dorsal portion of each half is composed of a thick and rod-like scapula and the ventral portion is made up of a thin and flattened corcacoid (Fig. Patterns of Inheritance Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs. Lab 4 - Muscles of the axial skeleton, and pectoral girdle - Biology 071 with Gridi-papp at University of the Pacific - StudyBlue The primary girdle is composed of two lateral halves, each is transformed into three replacing bones, scapula, coracoid and mesocoracoid (Fig. On either side of centrum is present the transverse process or parapophysis. Each half is formed of large, flat bone, the pelvic bone (basipterygium), lying in the middle line in the ventral body wall. The pectoral girdles attaches the upper limbs to the Axial Skeleton. The pectoral girdle of most actinopterygian fishes (Figure 11) is unique among vertebrates in having a direct and often strong attachment to the posterior region of the skull.This connection is achieved through the posttemporal bone. The bones that attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle). The caudal vertebrae are 16 – 17 in number. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Exotic fishes are imported from other counties (Common carps). The first four trunk vertebrae have no parapophyses. This feature suggests their bottom-feeding habit. (iii) A mesocoracoid situated above the coracoid and anterior to the scapula. Chemistry. Which bones are included in the Appendicular Skeleton? The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the scapula, which serve to attach the upper limb to the sternum of the axial skeleton. Otic or auditory region is found behind the orbital region. There are also some physical differences in men and women. This muscle is the largest of the quadriceps group (often called quads) which also…, The adductor pollicis is a large triangular muscle located in the hand. Ellen is 38 weeks pregnant and is in active labor. The last vertebra also possesses the postero-ventral process. Mary McMahon Date: January 28, 2021 The female pelvis is designed to accommodate pregnancy.. Apr 27, 2017 - scapula | Pectoral Girdle (4): CLAVICLE -- SCAPULA the shoulder bone Dermotrichia support the fold of the fin. The neural and haemal spines of the last five vertebrae are very broad and closely connected with one another. Small spine-like ossifications are attached in a single or double row along the inner aspect of each of the first four arches. The Pectoral Girdle. Conclusions: Pectoral girdle myalgia was found to be common among the respondents. The events of childbirth, once begun, must progress rapidly to a conclusion or the life of the mother and the baby are at risk. Each exoccipital is distinguished into a basal plate, a lateral paroccipital process and a dorsal process. The pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) supports the arm. Orbitosphenoids and a median parasphenoid form the floor of this region. Shoulder and Pectoral Girdle 1. www.Examville.com Online practice tests, live classes, tutoring, study guides Q&A, premium content and more . The Pectoral Girdle just speed up the same process by reducing swelling and eliminating body fat and taking organs back to their originality. Trunk vertebrae are 21 in number. The extreme muscular work of labor and delivery are the result of a positive feedback system (Figure 1.3.3). Each pelvic fin is supported by nine lepidotrichia or fin rays and three somactidia or radials. NCERT P Bahadur IIT-JEE Previous Year Narendra Awasthi MS Chauhan. The pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle) supports the arm. The bones that attach each upper limb to the axial skeleton form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle). n. A bony or cartilaginous structure in vertebrates, attached to and supporting the forelimbs or anterior fins. The sabre-shaped branchiostegal rays are attached along the posterior border of the epi- and ceratohyal. They are more numerous than the centra, and three or four haemal arches are attached to the urostyle. The terminal line is a border between the greater and lesser pelvis. Our Anatomy and Physiology course makes the difficult concepts of anatomy and physiology clear and easier to understand. Pectoral Fin: The pectoral fin is supported by nineteen lepidotrichia which are attached with four somactidia (radials). Welcome to NotesOnZoology.com! Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Zoology. Define pectoral fin. Search Help in Finding Label the Pectoral Girdle - Online Quiz Version pelvic girdle synonyms, pelvic girdle pronunciation, pelvic girdle translation, English dictionary definition of pelvic girdle. (iv) The pectoral girdle, pectoral fins and pelvic fins are cladoselachelike. © 2005-2021 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. The fin rays are attached with the epiurals and hypiurals in two symmetrical halves. This is an online quiz called Label the Pectoral Girdle There is a printable worksheet available for download here so you can take the quiz with pen and paper. Shoulder Girdle. All these bones form an inverted cup-like structure that lodges the internal ear. Pre- and Perinatal Massage Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide to Prenatal, Labor, and Postpartum Practice, Second Edition Carole Osborne School Tips School Hacks Teary Eyes Becoming A Nurse Science Notes Skeletal System Science Worksheets Student Studying Pharmacology. The mechanism of labour covers the passive movement the fetus undergoes in order to … To the inner surface of the cleithrum are attached two flat scale-like bones with a slender rod-like postclavicle passing backwards and downwards among the muscles. Figure 1 illustrates details of these bones. It is divisible into an anterior or trunk region and a posterior caudal region. Bones of the pectoral girdle, anterior view with labels - Appendicular Skeleton Visual Atlas, page 3 This is Page 3 of a photographic atlas I created as a laboratory study resource for my BIOL 121 Anatomy and Physiology I students on the bones and bony landmarks of the appendicular skeleton. This is a strut bone that connects the upper limb to the axial…. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Soft rays are segmented, often branched and biserial. In the adult notochordal canal becomes closed. Pectoral girdle: The pectoral girdle is situated immediately behind the last branchial arch. In this image, you will find pectoral girdle, left anterior view of pectoral girdle, sternal ends, clavicle, manubrium, body of sternum, conoid tubercle, in Pectoral girdle left view. Next Upper Limb. 15.7) is placed anterior to anal fin, at the level of cloaca. The clavicle is an anterior bone whose sternal end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint. It is supported by the clavicle, which also articulates with the humerus (arm bone) to form the shoulder joint. On the dorsal side of urostyle are present two epiurals and a radial, and on its ventral side are present nine hypiurals. Both these bones bear many teeth. This consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle (Figure 8.1.1).The clavicle (collarbone) is an S-shaped bone located on the anterior side of the shoulder. Enabling American Sign Language to grow in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) The remaining five arches are called branchial or gill-arches, diminishing in size from before backwards. The zygomaticus major muscle…, The semitendinosus muscle is one of three hamstring muscles that are located at the back of the thigh. Pectoral girdle and fin: The pectoral girdle is situated posterior to the last branchial arch and consists of two semicircular cartilages united with one another along the mid-ventral line. Each somactid has proximal, mesial and distal segments. The pelvic girdle horizontally flanks the coccyx, the … Humerus. pectoral girdle. Here I cover the major parts of the pectoral girdle and upper extremity.Key Takeaways:- The "arm" is a lay term. The clavicle is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body. Through this run the caudal artery and vein. It…. These are the basioccipital, forming the greater part of the occipital condyle and the hinder region of the skull-floor, the paired exoccipitals placed one on each side of the foramen magnum and meeting both above and below it, and the supraoccipital, forming the occipital crest on the dorsal side. It is often referred to as the “pelvis” or “pelvic bone,” although in fact several bones are part of this structure, not just one. Find out all…, The adductor hallucis is a two-headed muscle that is responsible for flexing and contracting the big toe, and reinforcing the arch of the foot. Frontals articulate antero-laterally with the supraorbitals and postero-laterally with the postfrontals. PECTORAL GIRDLE ANATOMY The pectoral girdle is commonly referred to as the shoulder. Functions of the Appendicular Skeleton. In the rest the arch is produced downwards and backwards into a haemal spine. These pieces are the two anterior most elements of Weberian apparatus. Skeletal Anatomy of the Pectoral Girdle. The…, The ankle bones include the calcaneus, cuboid, external cuneiform, internal cuneiform, middle cuneiform, navicular, and talus. Hyoid cornu is composed of paired interhyal, epihyal, ceratohyal, hypohyal and a median unpaired basihyal. The pectoral girdle is made up of two major bones: the clavicle and scapula. Which bones are included in the Appendicular Skeleton? The fifth arch is reduced to a single bone on each side. The radials articulate with the scapula. 4). Upper Limb. Clavicle. It forms the posterior most part of the skull. The radials articulate with the posterior border of the pelvic bone. This is a flat bone on the posterior aspect of the thorax. There are four main joints in the pectoral girdle: Last medically reviewed on April 10, 2018, Sports injuries can happen during regular exercise or while playing a sport. The swim- bladder with the manubrium of the Lower limb... Appendicular muscles of the:. 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