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</html>";s:4:"text";s:30460:"As Americans embraced calls to pursue their manifest destiny, antislavery voices looked at developments in Florida and Texas as signs that the sectional crisis had taken an ominous and perhaps irredeemable turn. Ulysses S. Grant of Missouri, for example, worried that Frémont and Republicans signaled trouble for the Union itself. 3.1 Territorial Expansion, 3.2 Sectional Differences. VI. 4. And yet because of a range of unique privileges afforded him by the circumstances of his upbringing, as well as his own genius and determination, Douglass managed to learn how to read and write. Much evidence from that time shows that the secession of seven Deep South states was caused mostly by concerns over the future of . The violence in Washington pales before the many murders occurring in Kansas.26 Pro-slavery raiders attacked Lawrence, Kansas. The North was economically dominant over the South. The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most violent happenings in the history of North America, and most people believe that it happened due to slavery. Discuss some of the consequences of increased sectionalism prior to the Civil War. In 1820 congress passed the Missouri Compromise, which established the Missouri compromise line to determine free states and slave states. In this post-Missouri context, leaders arose to push the country’s new expansionist desires in aggressive new directions. The Free Soil Party’s platform bridged the eastern and western leadership together and called for an end to slavery in Washington, D.C., and a halt on slavery’s expansion in the territories.16 The Free Soil movement hardly made a dent in the 1848 presidential election, but it drew more than four times the popular vote won by the Liberty Party earlier. The union was preserved, but southern sectionalism remained powerful. The American Civil War had begun. If the people thought there were and acted accordingly, that is the most important thing. This homework is designed to allow students to create a poster showing the sectional differences between the northern, southern, and western states in the years before the Civil War.Included in the zip file are pdf and editable ppt version of:1 - Regular, modified, and extended worksheets.2 - Readin. They generated tremendous wealth for the British crown. How did regional differences between the North and South related to slavery lead to tensions in the years leading up to the Civil War? On all sides of the slavery issue, politics became increasingly militarized. More from Heimler's History:ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKETS:+APUSH: https://bit.ly/31VBsiO+AP World History: https://bit.ly/3jUk84FAP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ, SA. These sectional differences had always been centered around politics, society, geography and greatly . Lincoln actually lost his contest with Stephen Douglas but in the process firmly established himself as a leading national Republican. Constant resistance from enslaved men and women required a strong pro-slavery government to maintain order. With so many competing dynamics under way, and with the president dead and replaced by Whig Millard Fillmore, the 1850s were off to a troubling start. Northern states are shown in blue & light blue. Claim A. Controversies over slavery suffuse the platform, but maybe even more noticeable is the importance of the West to the Republican Party. Finally, they pointed to the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment, which said that property could be seized through appropriate legislation.8 The bruising Missouri debates ultimately transcended arguments about the Constitution. Sales for Uncle Tom’s Cabin were astronomical, eclipsed only by sales of the Bible. Rodney O. Davis and Douglas L. Wilson, eds.. Republican Party Platforms: “Republican Party Platform of 1860,” May 17, 1860. Forten’s diary entries from 1854 illuminate sectional tensions, especially in her discussion of the trial of Anthony Burns, a fugitive from slavery. Sectionalism, which refers to loyalty to a section of a nation rather than to the nation as a whole, contributed to a Southern identity based not only on a distinctively different way of life, but on a geographically shared mistrust and apprehension towards the Northern way of life represented by the federal government and the election of United States President Abraham Lincoln. A historical study of the Northern and Southern policies during the mid-nineteenth century which culminated in the North's refusal to accept Southern secession and the outbreak of the Civil War. Sectional Differences. *The American Yawp is an evolving, collaborative text. With sectional tensions at a breaking point, both parties readied for the coming presidential election. The incredible career of Harriet Tubman is one of the more dramatic examples. Dred Scott, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, and the election of 1860. Federal troops lined the streets of Boston as Burns was marched to a ship, where he was sent back to slavery in Virginia. John Steuart Curry, Tragic Prelude, 1938-1940, Kansas State Capitol. The nineteenth century marked the westward movement of many American settlers and revealed the sectional differences among the North and South. After four years of fighting, the North triumphed, forever squelching southern designs for a separate nation. Legislators ultimately agreed that this hard ban violated the U.S. Constitution but reaffirmed Missouri’s ability to deny citizenship to African Americans. Analyze the maps below to understand the differences between the North and the South during the Civil War Era. (2100U70-1-R1) 2 UNIT 2. That debate, however, came quickly. superior military leadership. During the 1840s and 1850s, the most consistent source of tension on the issue stemmed from northerners refusing to comply with fugitive slave laws. Economic differences between North and South. The Democratic Party fared poorly as its southern delegates bolted its national convention at Charleston and ran their own candidate, Vice President John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky. William Still was an African-American abolitionist who frequently risked his life to help freedom-seekers escape slavery. Liberty leaders demanded the end of slavery in the District of Columbia, the end of the interstate slave trade, and the prohibition of slavery’s expansion into the West. Found insideCarl Lawrence Paulus’s The Slaveholding Crisis examines how, due to the fear of insurrection by the enslaved, southerners created their own version of American exceptionalism—one that placed the perpetuation of slavery at its forefront. What are the main causes, costs, and long-term legacies of the Second Liberian Civil War, from 1999-2003? Elihu Embree and his family were Quakers who were committed to the cause of abolishing slavery in the American South. The nation’s militants anticipated a coming breakdown and worked to exploit it. Frémont lost, but Republicans celebrated that he won eleven of the sixteen free states. Cotton is king. Reform Movements. It fell to young Stephen Douglas, then, to shepherd the bills through Congress, which he in fact did. P. F. Rothermel (artist), c. 1855. Bolder and more expansive declarations of equality and freedom followed one after the other. Key Civil War Battles in 1862: Monitor and Merrimac, Antietam, New . The admission of California as the newest free state in the Union cheered many northerners, but even the admission of a vast new state full of resources and rich agricultural lands was not enough. The rising controversy over the status of freedom-seeking people swelled partly through the influence of escaped formerly enslaved people, including Frederick Douglass. Brown prophesied while in prison that the nation’s crimes would only be purged with blood. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, “Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,”. The aftermath of the Mexican-American War did not initiate sectional strife between the North and South. Describe the cultural differences between the North and the South. Several abolitionists grew so disgusted with the Whigs that they formed their own party, a true antislavery party. View Civil War Comparison.pdf from HIST 11 at South Side High School, Rockville Centre. As America grew in size after the Louisiana Purchase, and, later on, following the Mexican War, a major debate was whether slavery should be allowed in the new territories. French visionaries issued the “Declaration of Rights and Man and Citizen” by 1789. But an antislavery coalition arose in the middle 1850s calling itself the Republican Party. Zip. After John Brown was arrested for his raid on Harpers Ferry, Lydia Maria Child wrote to the governor of Virginia requesting to visit Brown. South Carolina declaration of secession, 1860, Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 contest on November 6 with just 40% of the popular vote and not a single southern vote in the Electoral College. North, South, and West. In the days after the 1856 presidential election, Buchanan made his plans for his time in office clear. In these excerpts, Still offers the readers some of the letters sent to him from abolitionists and formerly enslaved persons. Sectionalism —prior to the Civil War, the United States. As the United States pressed westward, new questions arose as to whether those lands ought to be slave or free. The result was the Civil War, the nation's ultimate sectional drama. Indeed, huge numbers of western, southern, and northern workingmen rallied behind Andrew Jackson during the 1828 presidential election. She also expressed frequent frustration over the racism she encountered in Boston. How did westward expansion display different "visions" of America and exacerbate sectional differences from the Revolution to the Civil War? Available from the Library of Congress. The West was also a section but this section (because it was . Practice: The eve of the Civil War. Margaretta Mason of Virginia wrote a searing letter to Child attacking her for supporting a murder. White antislavery leaders hailed Frémont’s defeat as a “glorious” one and looked ahead to the party’s future successes. However, as the guns fell silent, and the men returned home, a new war was brewing, one that continues to shape the course of this country to this day. Others began to explore the option of more radical and direct action against the Slave Power. The nation’s religious leaders also expressed a rising discontent with the new status quo.9 The Second Great Awakening further sharpened political differences by promoting schisms within the major Protestant churches, schisms that also became increasingly sectional in nature. The Fugitive Slave Act created the foundation for a massive expansion of federal power, including an alarming increase in the nation’s policing powers. Sectional division was really the basis for the outbreak of the Civil War. During Taylor’s brief time in office, the fruits of the Mexican War began to spoil. Resenting the large profits amassed by Northern businessmen from marketing the cotton crop, Southerners attributed the backwardness of their own section to Northern aggrandizement. Examine the sectional economic differences of the United States; e.g., slavery, industry, agriculture, geography. As the nation expanded from sea to shining sea and exerted itself further on the global stage, growing sectional tensions —especially over slavery, the balance between states rights and federal power, and economic governance— resulted in political and . John J. Crittenden of Kentucky proposed a series of compromises, but a clear pro-southern bias meant they had little chance of gaining Republican acceptance. The year 1846 signaled new reversals to the antislavery cause and the beginnings of a dark new era in American politics. The new coalition called for a national convention in August 1848 at Buffalo, New York. Texas struggled with ongoing conflicts with Mexico and raids from the powerful Comanche. The Missouri Compromise averted a sectional crisis for a time by prohibiting slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase territory. America Aflame is a vivid portrait of the "fiery trial"that transformed the country we live in. Candidat Party Home State Previous Experience Land in the West Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas John Breckinridge John Bell Constitutional Hoping to field a candidate who might nonetheless manage to bridge the broken party’s factions, the Democrats decided to meet again at Baltimore and nominated Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois. In the United States. In January 1846, Polk ordered troops to Texas to enforce claims stemming from its border dispute along the Rio Grande. The Dred Scott decision signaled that the federal government was now fully committed to extending slavery as far and as wide as it might want. On December 20, South Carolina voted to secede and issued its Declaration of the Immediate Causes.”33 The declaration highlighted failure of the federal government to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act over competing personal liberty laws in northern states. The southerners believed more in the government of the states rather than the new central government. By November 1860, an opponent of slavery’s expansion arose from within the Republican Party. There were many sectional differences in 19th-century America. answer choices . One year earlier, Burns had escaped slavery in Virginia, and a group of slave catchers had come to return him to Richmond. In 1817, eager to put questions of whether this territory would be slave or free to rest, Congress opened its debate over Missouri’s admission to the Union. Enslaved laborers meanwhile remained vitally important to the nation’s economy, fueling not only the southern plantation economy but also providing raw materials for the industrial North. In the majority opinion, excerpted here, Supreme Court justice Joseph Story decided that the national fugitive slave act overruled Pennsylvania’s law. Missouri Compromise) • Economic differences −South -needed slaves −North -want to end slavery Emancipation Proclamation • During the Civil War, Lincoln freed all the slaves in states that were rebelling From there, the crisis only deepened. The rescues and arrests of enslaved men like Anthony Burns in Boston and Joshua Glover in Milwaukee signaled the rising vehemence of resistance to the nation’s 1850 fugitive slave law. Part 1: Sectional differences and the road to Civil War c. 1840-1861 This book, like few others, exposes the despotic character of the sixteenth President and the fanatical agenda of the Republican party from a distinctly Northern perspective. Though Americans at the time made relatively little of the balancing act suggested by the admission of a slave state and a free state, the pattern became increasingly important, particularly when considering power in the United States Senate. There were 3 main sectional difference between the North and the South that caused the two regions not to get along. During the secession crisis that followed, fears nearly a century in the making at last devolved into bloody war. Please click here to improve this chapter.*. The Federalist Era. Increased clamoring for the admission of California, New Mexico, and Utah pushed the country closer to the edge. Much evidence from that time shows that the secession of seven Deep South states was caused mostly by concerns over the future of slavery. Even in the North, the Civil War was so divisive and consumed so many lives and resources that it could hardly have been otherwise. Wikimedia. Found insideIn Slavery's Borderland, historian Matthew Salafia shows how the river was both a physical boundary and a unifying economic and cultural force that muddied the distinction between southern and northern forms of labor and politics. Here are the events that encompass these compromises. The New Mexico Territory and the Utah Territory would be allowed to determine their own fates as slave or free states based on popular sovereignty. (Mintz, S., & McNeil, 2016) The Civil War in the United States was inevitable. Yet northern Democrats in crucial swing states remained unmoved by the Republican Party’s appeals. Politics. Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict,1855-1865 This project is supported by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by the Missouri State Library, a division of the Office of the Secretary of State with additional support from the . They rejected the long-standing idea that slavery was a condition that naturally suited some people. Child responded, and the exchange of letters was published by the American Antislavery Society. But the South was strongly against this claim, because it threatened to weaken their agricultural way of life, which now greatly depended on slavery and the Triangle Trade between England, Africa, and the colonies. Events in early 1846 seemed to justify antislavery complaints. These factors played a role in fostering a defensive-aggressive mindset that eventually led to the Southern states' decision to formally secede from the Union. The year 1855 nearly derailed the northern antislavery coalition. Questions over the expansion of slavery remained open, but nearly all Americans concluded that the Constitution protected slavery where it already existed. Kim Kutz Elliott compa. Wikimedia. Found insideThis authoritative volume makes sense of that vast and confusing "second American Revolution" we call the Civil War, a war that transformed a nation and expanded our heritage of liberty. Prior to the American Revolution, nearly everyone in the world accepted slavery as a natural part of life.1 English colonies north and south relied on enslaved workers who grew tobacco, harvested indigo and sugar, and worked in ports. The book became a sensation and helped move antislavery into everyday conversation for many northerners. Secession, in the end, raised the possibility of emancipation through war, a possibility most Republicans knew, of course, had always been an option, but one they nonetheless hoped would never be necessary. The different sections at this time were the North and the South. Anecdotes from the time Washington became president through the War of 1812, the rise of Andrew Jackson, and the sectional differences leading to the Civil War. Numerous black and white illustrations complement the text. Writer, activist, and teacher Charlotte Forten was born in Philadelphia in 1837 to a well-to-do African American family. It was Kansas that at last proved to many northerners that the sectional crisis would not go away unless slavery also went away. Democrats by 1853 were badly splintered along sectional lines over slavery, but they also had reasons to act with confidence. The year 1861, then, saw the culmination of the secession crisis. Before the Civil War, slavery expanded in the South rather than in the North because. Battles emerged over the westward expansion of slavery and over the role of the federal government in protecting the interests of enslavers. An earlier dispute had been settled by the Missouri Compromise (1820). Polk cited the annexation of Texas and the Oregon Territory as campaign cornerstones.12 Yet as Polk championed the acquisition of these vast new lands, northern Democrats grew annoyed by their southern colleagues, especially when it came to Texas. In February, southerners drafted a constitution protecting slavery and named Jefferson Davis of Mississippi their president. As the national mood grew increasingly grim, Kansas attracted militants representing the extreme sides of the slavery debate. Over two decades after Brown’s death, Thomas Hovenden portrayed Brown as a saint. to save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery. Write an essay explaining three reasons the Southern states seceded (withdrew) from the Union which lead to the American Civil War. Conclusion. President Polk and his Democratic allies were eager to see western lands brought into the Union and were especially anxious to see the borders of the nation extended to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. , Paul Finkelman, and this time period little to do with slavery Carolina became the ideological foundations the. That plagued American society slavery remained at the polls and effects of westward migrations out of sectional division really. What are the main reason for sectional differences and historian alike were often unfair to Douglas powerful. 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